How to teach first graders to read and write

Introduction: Chinese characters, as a unique traditional culture, have melted into the blood of Chinese people. Effective literacy teaching is not only a tool to the ocean of knowledge, but also enhances children's love of their motherland's language and writing and their understanding of culture, and promotes the development of good character and willpower. In literacy teaching, bottom grade literacy teaching is the focus of language teaching in the lower grades, but also difficult.

How to teach first-grade students literacy

First, cultivate students' sense of beauty in literacy

Recognize the beauty, feel the beauty, appreciate the beauty is to awaken the students' potential aesthetic consciousness. This aesthetic literacy exists in the student's thinking, and imagine the beauty of the outside world is reflected in the human brain, after the human brain analysis and processing reproduction of an artificial sense of beauty. In literacy teaching, teachers should fully grasp the image of Chinese characters, intuitive features to induce students to imagine the beauty of Chinese characters.

If you are learning the word "rain", you will be able to see it in your mind's eye. When the teacher first shows the picture, let the students observe the direction of the raindrops, and then show an ancient? The teacher first shows a picture and asks the students to observe the direction of the raindrops. and finally show the evolution of the word "rain" to the present day. rain? Lead the students to realize from the diagram that the direction of the four dots is the same, and if the direction of the four dots is not the same, the overall beauty of the character cannot be shown. This is actually a symmetrical beauty. Students can feel it in their observations and descriptions, except that they cannot use the word ? symmetry? The word "symmetry" can be expressed, but from the visual and sensory comprehension, this is a only can be understood not to say the ability to recognize the beauty.

Another example is? The bird? word, the teacher asks: ? From this bird character, you can see which part of the body? This question aroused the interest of the students.? DYNAMIC? are the feathers on the bird's head; ? is the eye;? are the eyes; ? B-E? is the body and claws; ? A? is like a branch, and together they are a bird standing on a tree and singing. Bird? The characterization of the word induces students' imagination, which in turn enriches and develops the meaning of the word "鸟". Bird The students' imagination enriches and develops the meaning of "鸟". Even if they are interested in the Chinese characters, it enriches their imagination and develops their ability to imagine beauty.

Second, cultivate the habit of students to preview the characters

Learning a new lesson before, tell the students, the words studied in the text are all friends, some we already know, some do not know, do not know how to do? Teachers teach you a good way. First know what it sounds like. The second step is to recognize what shape it is and know its characteristics and uses. Teachers and students together to mark out the words in the book, and repeatedly read a few times, call them the right sound, a long time, the students will be able to use pinyin to develop the habit of pre-study words.

Third, cultivate students' ability to literacy, teach literacy methods

1. Circle the words learned

Students are the main body in the process of classroom teaching, is the master of the practical activities. In literacy teaching, in order to fully allow students to learn independently, so that each student has time to learn, have the opportunity to learn, so that each student is educated, but also the practitioner. In the first reading of the text, let the students know that they should do a specific thing, that is, against the vocabulary list, circle the vocabulary words in the text, mark the sentences with vocabulary words. Draw circles for words you can recognize and triangles for words you can write. This method is good to understand, memorize and operate. Students can quickly master this categorized literacy method, which is conducive to the development of student autonomy and initiative.

2. Literacy in reading aloud

The first step is to find the birth words and the sentences in which they are located and read them accurately when reading the text for the first time.

The second step is to read the text, the sentences containing the words of these words again, with emphasis on the line marked out these words, both to correct the sound, but also to rationalize the meaning. In addition to reading aloud guidance, students should be reminded of the vocabulary of the 'recognition, to achieve the purpose of strengthening.

The third step, before the text to end, must again consolidate the review. In the classroom after learning this text, the vocabulary appears in the extracurricular knowledge or short stories related to it, to expand literacy. Both broaden the literacy channels, but also expand the knowledge of students.

3. Seize the characteristics of the classification of literacy

In the teaching of literacy boring, students are easily bored, especially in the lower grades, mobile and fun, short attention span, easy to fatigue, which affects the effectiveness of teaching. In the teaching does not necessarily have to be in the order of the successive appearances in the text to literacy, should be used in the composition of the word characteristics of the teaching.

Such as in the teaching of "which house is the most beautiful", let the students find ways to remember? We? , the students have spoken up, some students said: ? The word "door" plus a single side. Some students said: ? A person stands outside the door. After recognizing the children's methods, I came up with a few more anagrams: ? There is a person inside the door.? There's a mouth in the door.? There is a sun in the door. There is an ear in the door let the students who can guess write to the blackboard, the students wrote the words one by one, we have to make full use of the connection between new knowledge and old knowledge, randomly to literacy, students in a pleasant environment to remember ? flash, ask, between, smell ? This way students learn easily and remember simply.

4. Make up word puzzles, literacy in the game

In the first grade literacy teaching, I found ? The first is to make up word puzzles, which can help children easily master some of the words. can help children easily master some of the difficult to teach vocabulary, after the guide, the children often use their brains to make up riddles in the classroom exchange, the classroom atmosphere is very active, for example: from: two people stand side by side. Take: One person has a mouth with a hand under it. Autumn: green on one side, red on the other, windy on one side, rainy on the other. Fat: half a moon. Enter: the man in the mirror. Thunder: rain falling into the field? The children not only can make up the vocabulary words appearing in the book, but also extend this literacy method outside the classroom and tell their parents about it, which not only stimulates the children's interest in literacy, but also consolidates the vocabulary words. This not only stimulates the children's interest in literacy, but also consolidates the vocabulary. It achieves an unexpected effect.

5. The use of cards

The concentration time of elementary school students is short, if the method is monotonous, it will affect the effect of literacy. The use of cards is not only intuitive, but also entertaining. For example, teachers can make some partial, radical and unique character cards, on the one hand, for teachers in the classroom to analyze the shape of the character, the group of characters to use. On the other hand, they can be used for teachers and students to play pinyin games. Students can also be instructed to make their own cards, which can be used to imitate the teacher's characters in the classroom, and can also be used by students to consolidate their literacy. This is easy for students to remember, and do not feel boring, but also to cultivate students' hands and brain habit.

6. Literacy in life

Literacy teaching requires textbooks, which is the basis for language learning. However, literacy is not enough to rely on a few textbooks because they are too limited in what they can hold. Therefore, students should be guided to extend the learning of the textbook outside the classroom, combining students' learning of vocabulary with real life. Let the students in contact with the life of billboards, commodity packaging, and a variety of newspapers and magazines have become a good material for students to literacy.

In short, efforts to make the first grade children from literacy learning to taste the joy, experience a sense of achievement, in life can be independent of literacy, passive learning to active learning, become the master of learning, only so that the students' literacy can be improved, the interest in literacy can be more and more strong.