How to domesticate loach

The breeding method of loach can be introduced as follows:

I. Pond culture

The loach pond has an area of 150-250 square meters and a water depth of 40-50 cm. The fish tank is 60-70 cm deep, and the loach pond can be newly built, or the old pond, puddle or other fish culture facilities can be used. Cement pool or Sanhe soil pit, the bottom of the pool should be paved with 20 cm thick mud. The wall and bottom of the earthen pond should be compacted, and the water inlet and outlet should have escape prevention covers.

Before stocking, fish ponds, like nursery ponds, should be disinfected and fertilized with quicklime to improve water quality. After the toxicity disappears, 20,000-30,000 loaches should be stocked per mu.

According to the water quality, we should often apply some organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers to cultivate natural bait in the water. In addition to fertilization, artificial feed should be fed every day, and the feeding amount can be different according to different seasons. 1% of the total weight of loach in March, 4% in April-June, 10% in July-September and 4% in June. There should be a dining table in the pond, and feed should be placed on the dining table.

The water for raising loach should be "fat, cool and alive", the dissolved oxygen should be kept above 2 mg/L, and the PH value should be around 7. Observe frequently every day, and replace and replenish water according to the changes of water color, weather and food intake. When it is found that the water is black or too thick or the loach swims to the surface to breathe air, it should be replaced immediately.

Do a good job in disease prevention and escape, clean the food field once a day or every other day, scrub the dirt on the food table, and regularly disinfect the food with bleach. Dead loaches and floating objects on the water surface should be fished out in time. Patrol the pond frequently, and block it immediately if you find that the pond leaks. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus is small and slippery. Even if it leaks little, it will drill a hole and escape.

Second, paddy field culture.

Raising loach in paddy field is a new aquaculture channel, which, like other fish in paddy field, can give full play to the utilization value of paddy field and realize "double use of one water, double harvest of one field and win-win situation of rice and loach".

Paddy field requires no groundwater to gush out, but the water source should be guaranteed, the ridge should be high, and there should be no flood when it rains heavily. The facilities in rice fields are basically the same as carp farming, but the escape prevention equipment is stricter. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus seeds can be placed after transplanting early and middle rice, and about 20,000 tails can be placed per mu.

In rice fields where loaches are raised, lime should be avoided and pesticides should be applied less. In order to improve the yield and catch specifications of loach, fertilization should be properly fed, such as rice bran and wheat bran. , human and animal manure can also be properly applied. After harvesting rice in autumn, it can be irrigated with deep field water to continue farming, and then the loach will be caught and listed in the next spring.

Generally, the yield of loach per mu in rice field culture is 50- 100 kg.

Three, running water and tank culture

Running water culture is to establish a culture pond or a group of culture ponds where there is running water, and raise loach species at a density of about 2 kg per square meter. Its advantages are high yield and convenient fishing, but its breeding cost is high. Aquaculture is mainly fed with artificial feed, without fertilization. Usually feed compound feed or rice sugar, bran, bean cake and animal offal.

Keep it in a water tank, which is made of bricks and polished with cement. The tank is 2-3m long, 1- 1.5m wide and 1.8m high. Open the inlet and outlet of the cylinder to loosen the soft soil about 30 cm thick in the cylinder. Each cylinder is filled with 1- 1.5 kg loach species, and fed with rice bran, snail meat, silkworm chrysalis, earthworm, animal viscera and waste. Stir the bottom mud layer of the tank once every 10 day, and raise one strand of 4- 1 1 month, and each tank can produce loach 10- 15 kg.

Extended data

First of all, the facilities to prevent the enemy from destroying cannot be ignored.

1. Snakes, rats and frogs are one of the natural enemies of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, and the pond must be thoroughly cleaned before releasing fry. In the process of breeding, it is necessary to insert a purse seine around the pond to prevent snakes, mice and frogs from invading the loach.

2. Birds are also natural enemies of loach. In order to prevent birds from invading loach, skynet should be set around and above the culture pond.

Because birds do great harm to loaches, the author found that each waterfowl can eat seven or eight loaches in the pond every hour, and each waterfowl can eat about 1 kg of loaches every day. If you don't set a bird net, the loach in the whole pond will be eaten up by waterfowl. Anti-bird facilities can cover the whole Skynet pool; You can also use artificial methods to drive away waterfowl.

3. Strengthen the maintenance of escape prevention facilities at the inlet and outlet of the pond to prevent all kinds of wild fish and pests from dissolving into the pond water through the inlet and outlet, causing harm to loach. Fierce carnivorous fish such as snakehead and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco will directly endanger the life of loach and cannot be ignored.

Second, scientific water transfer, the pond water quality is fat, tender and refreshing and can not be ignored?

Misgurnus anguillicaudatus has a strong vitality and can survive for 3-5 hours without drinking water. People often say that loach can be kept in bull's eye pits, lime pits and sewage ditches. This is a fact. However, in the high-density loach culture environment, maintaining good water quality has become a difficult problem in people's production.

1. Due to the high culture density, the feeding amount of bait increases and the excrement increases, which leads to the proliferation of algae, the deterioration of water quality, and the loach is prone to disease.

2. The sludge and humus at the bottom of the pond rot, resulting in the decrease of dissolved oxygen in the water and the generation of harmful gases. Such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonium nitrate and other harmful substances, lead to loach death due to lack of oxygen or the influence of harmful gases.

In order to solve this problem, the author thinks: firstly, we should improve the water body with microbial agents in time; Second, the harmful substances and gases at the bottom of the pond should be removed by "supporting the bottom"; Third, change water frequently and inject new water to maintain a good water quality environment. Changing water is to release some old water in the pool, inject new water and improve the water quality.

Misgurnus anguillicaudatus needs a certain fertility in the breeding process, and some organic fertilizers can be often applied to fertilize water, but the fertility should be moderate. If the water is too fat, it will not only breed harmful algae, but also harmful bacteria, which is very unfavorable for the growth of loach. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively use various methods to adjust the water quality to ensure that the pond water quality is tender and refreshing, which cannot be ignored.

Third, scientific diet, regular quantitative feeding can not be ignored?

When breeding loach, the specifications and sizes are often different, and the food intake is naturally different, with obvious differences. If the size is 300/kg, the feeding amount on the first Sunday accounts for 5 ‰ of the loach's weight; When the size is 200/kg, the feeding amount accounts for 6‰ of the loach's weight on the first Sunday, but the protein content is higher, generally at 34 protein.

Then gradually adjust the feeding amount according to different growth stages, for example, the daily feeding amount is 3%-4% of the loach's weight in May-June, 6%-8% of the loach's weight in July-August, and 4%-5%- 10 of the loach's weight in September.

At the same time, there are different requirements for protein content in feed at different breeding stages. Protein content is required to be 34% in the early stage of breeding and 32% in the middle and late stage. If the content of protein is low, it is not good for the growth of loach.

Misgurnus anguillicaudatus is an omnivorous fish. Under natural conditions, plankton is the main species when it is young. Although some plants are eaten in the middle and late stage, fibrous roots and rot plants are the main ones.

Therefore, scientific diet and regular quantitative feeding can not be ignored. Mastering the feeding habits and food intake of loach at different stages is the premise of scientific quantification. At the same time, according to the characteristics of artificial domestication of cultured loach and the changes of season, air temperature and water temperature, the daily feeding time should be reasonably determined, which should be relatively stable, and the adjustment range should not be too large under normal circumstances.

Fourth, disease prevention can not be ignored?

Prevention and treatment of diseases is a regular work in the whole process of aquaculture, which must not be ignored, let alone sloppy. The prevention and control of pests and diseases of cultured loach should be targeted: First, prevent and control bacterial diseases every 20 days. The second is parasitic diseases, which are prevented once every 25 days. Third, nutritional diseases should be prevented once a month. The prevention and treatment of nutritional diseases focuses on protecting the liver and gallbladder and strengthening the body.

References:

Taojiang county animal husbandry and fisheries bureau-loach breeding technology

Fujian provincial people's government-several problems that can not be ignored in loach breeding