What is the pension model and how many parts are there?

1, family pension, that is, the old people live at home, and the related family members mainly provide pension services. Mainly in Japan, Singapore and other countries based on oriental culture. This model is suitable for the elderly who are unwilling to leave the familiar environment and whose children have the financial ability, leisure time, care energy and care will.

2. Home-based care for the elderly means that the elderly live at home and the society provides services for the elderly. Developed countries such as Europe and the United States account for the majority. This model is suitable for the elderly who have no time to take care of their children, have certain self-care ability and are unwilling to leave their familiar environment.

3. Institutional pension, that is, the elderly are concentrated in special pension institutions. Mainly: nursing homes, nursing homes, hospice care institutions.

4. Other pension modes. 1) mutual support for the elderly; 2) provide housing for the elderly; 3) Tourism for the aged; 4) Migratory birds provide for the elderly; 5) providing for the aged in different places; 6) providing for the aged in rural and pastoral areas

Extended data:

The 13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of the Cause for the Aged and the Construction of the Pension System (Guo Fa [2065 438+07] 13) issued by the State Council on 28th October/July proposes that by 2020, the pension service system based on home, supported by community, supplemented by institutions and combined with medical care and nursing will be more perfect.

(a) Home care for the elderly

Like any other country in the world, China will give priority to providing for the aged at home. However, with the miniaturization of family size and the increasing number of families with "4-2- 1" structure in China, the traditional home-based care model has undergone major changes, and more community services and specialized nursing services are needed. Among them, long-term care, spiritual comfort, hospice care and other elderly care services contain huge social needs.

Advantages: It conforms to the traditional old-age habits and concepts in China, and the cost is low.

Q: With the change of family population pattern in China, fewer children and more elderly people have become a grim reality. It's getting harder and harder to support the aged at home.

(2) Institutional pension

Refers to institutions that provide comprehensive services such as diet, hygiene, life care, health management and cultural and recreational activities for the elderly.

Advantages: Centralized residence is convenient for management and service.

Problems: large investment, long payback period and difficult profit; It is difficult to supervise, and there is no corresponding clear solution to major problems such as casualties in the operation of public institutions, and disputes sometimes plague operators; Difficulties in training service personnel; The high cost of residents makes it difficult for low-income families to support for a long time; With the increase of the elderly, the supply of old-age care institutions is obviously insufficient.

(C) the combination of home care and community service

It refers to the establishment of a socialized service system to support family pension in the community, and community service personnel provide home-based pension services instead of family members. Provide "three AIDS", "two nurses" and "two consultations" services: meal assistance, diagnosis assistance and medical assistance; Day care and full-time care services; Legal consultation and psychological consultation, etc.

Advantages: it conforms to the government's pension industry policy and encourages various forms of capital to enter the field of home care services; It is in line with the concept of "supporting the elderly and not leaving home" for most elderly people.

Problem: There is a big gap between funds and personnel. The return on investment is low and the follow-up support is difficult; The service audience is wide, so the requirements for service quality and personnel are high, and it is difficult for service personnel to meet the requirements; The phenomenon of incomplete community pension function and weak service ability is also widespread.

(D) the combination of family care and social services

The government purchases services and the enterprises are responsible for the operation, which is an upgrading mode of home-based aged care services. The elderly care for the aged at home, and the society provides services for the aged. Integrate social resources through the information platform, and build various functional care centers such as comprehensive services, nursing rehabilitation and embedded care according to the life and needs of the elderly, and provide functional services such as mobile health service vehicles, emergency rescue, assignment of housekeeping services, physical examination and rehabilitation, home delivery, and home housekeeping for the elderly.

Advantages: Home-based care for the aged can fully integrate and utilize family and community resources and greatly reduce the cost of providing for the aged.

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