What is the difference between receiving traditional education and non-traditional education?

Herbart, a German educator, advocates the traditional teacher-centered education model and puts forward three centers of traditional pedagogy: teachers, books and classrooms.

Dewey, an American educator, advocated that education should be centered on children and put forward the "new three-centered theory" of "children", "activities" and "experience". He believes that the traditional school curriculum is subject-centered, without considering children's interests and needs, and the division of disciplines is too detailed and divorced from the reality of life. He advocates that education is not to prepare for future life, "education is life", "education is growth" and "education is the continuous transformation of experience". It is believed that "school is society" and "education is a social process".

Differences between Herbart and Dewey in pedagogy.

First, educational purposes are different. Herbart thinks that education is to prepare children for their future life, while Dewey puts forward the theory of education without purpose. He believes that "education is growth; There is no other purpose outside itself. "

Second, the status of teachers and students is different. Herbart proposed that teachers should be the center and students should be in a passive position in the process of education, while Dewey believed that education should be child-centered and respect children's nature.

Third, the curriculum is different. Herbart emphasizes learning systematic knowledge and ignores children's life experience; Dewey put forward the curriculum theory of "learning by doing" and learning from experience.

Fourth, the teaching methods are different. Herbart emphasized teachers' teaching, while Dewey advocated learning by doing and learning from experience.

Fifth, the teaching emphasis is different. Herbart requires students to learn the knowledge taught by teachers; On the other hand, Dewey asked students to learn the way of thinking.

Sixth, the teaching process is different. In the teaching process, Dewey put forward a five-stage process based on students' cognitive development in learning by doing: difficulties, problems, assumptions, verification and conclusion; Herbart put forward four stages: clarity, association, system and method.

Moreover, Herbart and Dewey have many similarities in teaching: they both emphasize that people trained by education should serve social development; They all attach importance to students' moral education; Emphasize the teaching stage and analyze the teaching process. Herbart put forward the four-stage theory, and Dewey put forward the five-step thinking method or five-step inquiry method.