Write a composition about the history of Tongji River.

1. Tongji Bridge Historical Tongji Bridge, which spans the Luoshui River and connects Jinyu Street in the north, was built in the Ming Dynasty, and was built in the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing (1559), the second year of Qin Long (1568) and the ninth year of Wanli (158/kloc-0) respectively. In the sixth year of the Apocalypse (1626), Shangshu Shi Li of the Ministry of Housing requested to raise funds for reconstruction again, and named it Tongji Bridge, which means "help after passing". Later generations carved couplets on the stone pillars next to the bridge: "Ventilation fort parade, visitors seeking spring, crossing the river to drink horses;" Thousands of people communicate, the winding bridge crosses the water, and the end of the village is called a rainbow. There are Kannonji in Nanji and Yun Tong Society.

Tongji Bridge has a long history in Foshan. It is the first archway of Tongji Bridge in Foshan, Damu Bridge. According to experts' research, this bridge is a wooden footbridge built by early villagers. However, with the change of time, the Tongji Bridge in the past has been hard to find, and it has a name every year, which is a pity. In order to protect historical and cultural heritage and carry forward traditional culture, Foshan invested * * * 1 70,000 yuan to repair Tongji Bridge on 200 1,1,08. The restored Tongji Bridge has exquisite architecture and profound cultural heritage.

Tongji Bridge in Foshan is 32 meters long and 9.9 meters wide. The drum-hugging stones at both ends of the bridge set off the windmill with auspicious clouds and bats, which embodies the windmill, a symbol of Tongji Bridge. The bridge body is carved with artifacts held by the Eight Immortals when crossing the sea, which symbolizes the good wishes of citizens to pray for disaster relief and peace when crossing the bridge. On the upper part of the bridge column, a fruit basket is arched with the elephant's head, which contains pumpkins and peaches, which means "the elephant holds peace". The stone grade at the bridge head is ***9, and the grade at the end of the bridge is 13, which embodies the idea of "nine out of thirteen returns". Now it is also reflected in the new bridge: anti-skid strips are used instead of steps, 9 strips are placed at the northern end of the bridge, and 13 strips are placed at the southern end of the bridge. It not only improves the safety factor of people crossing the bridge, but also embodies the concept of benefiting enterprises by crossing the bridge. The water body under Tongji Bridge covers an area of 2,000 square meters, and there are hydrophilic steps, a fish-knowing pavilion and a fish-watching pavilion, which take the meaning of its ancient poem "Fish makes people happy and springs make their hearts clear". . 00

On the archway of Tongji Bridge, there is a wooden tablet of Tongji, and there is a couplet below it: the left couplet reads "People come and go, the curved bridge crosses the water" and the right couplet reads "Tongqi Fort Military Parade".

The couplet summarizes the characteristics of the original Tongji Bridge, but the rebuilt Tongji Bridge is far less than the original bridge. There is no boat, no rainbow reflected by the sunset, and most importantly, it is just a scenic spot to commemorate the original bridge, without the sincere and cordial feelings of the original bridge. It's easy to change the scenery, but the old bridge is broken, but the wind of "doing economy" is enduring. 00

The proverb "There is no end to poverty alleviation" is well known in Foshan, which means that if you take the road of "poverty alleviation", you will have no worries and everything will be smooth. The folk activity of "helping the poor and helping the needy" is entrusted with the good wishes of Foshan people. Every year from January (15) to the evening of 16, no one comes forward to organize. Foshan is deserted, and people from some nearby towns such as Nanhai, Sanshui, Gaoming and Shunde also come to participate in the "Tongji Tour". This custom began in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and every household will help the old and take care of the young. From morning till night, they took windmills, wind chimes and lettuce and walked across Tongji Bridge from north to south for more than 400 years.

2. Write Pujiang Tongji Lake as Tongji Lake (Tongji Bridge Reservoir), with a storage capacity of 58 million cubic meters and a water area of 5 square kilometers.

There are six islands and dozens of peninsulas in the lake with beautiful scenery, which is called "Hundred Islands Lake". At the northern foot of Mao Ping Mountain in Hubei Province, there is the tomb of Wu Zhizhi, a famous modern painter (A.D. 1900- 1977). Wu Zhi is an important figure of "Zhejiang Painting School" because of his exquisite printing and calligraphy.

There are four golden mountains in Hunan. As the old saying goes, Jin Mu is the capital of fire and earth. Since the Song Dynasty, the style of writing has flourished and celebrities have emerged in large numbers. Wuwei, a famous Yuequan Music Society in Southeast China in Qing Dynasty and before.

The top of the rock is flat, and there is Dongyan Temple in the southwest. Climb to the top of the rock to see the panoramic view of the reservoir; You can see the whole Puyang city in the northeast.

Under the reservoir dam, at the head of Tian Yang village, there is an ancient camphor tree, with an age of 1380, a DBH of 3m, a height of 7m and a crown of over a thousand square meters. It is called "Tree King".

3. Tongji Bridge Historical Tongji Bridge spans the Luoshui River and connects Jinyu Street in the north. It was built in the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt three times in the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing (1559), the second year of Qin Long (1568) and the ninth year of Wanli (158 1).

In the sixth year of the Apocalypse (1626), Shangshu Shi Li of the Ministry of Housing requested to raise funds for reconstruction again, and named it Tongji Bridge, which means "help after passing". Later generations carved couplets on the stone pillars next to the bridge: "Ventilation fort parade, visitors seeking spring, crossing the river to drink horses;" Thousands of people communicate, the winding bridge crosses the water, and the end of the village is called a rainbow. There are Kannonji in Nanji and Yun Tong Society.

Tongji Bridge has a long history in Foshan. It is the first archway of Tongji Bridge in Foshan, Damu Bridge. According to experts' research, this bridge is a wooden footbridge built by early villagers. However, with the change of time, the Tongji Bridge in the past has been hard to find, and it has a name every year, which is a pity.

In order to protect historical and cultural heritage and carry forward traditional culture, Foshan invested * * * 1 70,000 yuan to repair Tongji Bridge on 200 1,1,08. The restored Tongji Bridge has exquisite architecture and profound cultural heritage.

Tongji Bridge in Foshan is 32 meters long and 9 meters wide. 9 meters.

The drum-hugging stones at both ends of the bridge set off the windmill with auspicious clouds and bats, which embodies the symbol of Tongji Bridge-the windmill. The bridge body is carved with artifacts held by the Eight Immortals when crossing the sea, which symbolizes the good wishes of citizens to pray for disaster relief and peace when crossing the bridge.

On the upper part of the bridge column, a fruit basket is arched with the elephant's head, which contains pumpkins and peaches, which means "the elephant holds peace". The stone grade at the bridge head is ***9, and the grade at the end of the bridge is 13, which embodies the idea of "nine out of thirteen returns".

Now it is also reflected in the new bridge: anti-skid strips are used instead of steps, 9 strips are placed at the northern end of the bridge, and 13 strips are placed at the southern end of the bridge. It not only improves the safety factor of people crossing the bridge, but also embodies the concept of benefiting enterprises by crossing the bridge.

The water body under Tongji Bridge covers an area of 2,000 square meters, and there are hydrophilic steps, a fish-knowing pavilion and a fish-watching pavilion, which take the meaning of its ancient poem "Fish makes people happy and springs make their hearts clear". . There is a wooden tablet of Tongji Bridge hanging on the archway of Tongji Bridge, and there is a couplet under it: The left couplet reads: "People come and go, the curved bridge crosses the water, and the rainbow hangs at the end of the village. The right couplet is "Ventilating Castle Parade, Wandering for Spring, Crossing the River and Drinking Horses". "0 0 couplets summarize the original Tongji Bridge, but the rebuilt Tongji Bridge is far less than the original bridge, with no boat weaving and no sunset reflecting the bridge.

It's easy to change the scenery, but the old bridge is broken, but the wind of "doing economy" is enduring. The proverb "there is no end to poverty alleviation" is well known in Foshan, which means that if you take the road of "poverty alleviation", you will have no worries and everything will be smooth. The folk activity of "helping the poor and helping the needy" is entrusted with the good wishes of Foshan people.

Every year from the evening of January (15) to the evening of 16, no one comes forward to organize, and Foshan is empty. People from some nearby towns and villages, such as Nanhai, Sanshui, Gaoming and Shunde, also come to participate in the "Tongji Tour". This custom began in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and every household will help the old and take care of the young. From morning till night, they took windmills, wind chimes and lettuce and walked across Tongji Bridge from north to south for more than 400 years.

4. Visit Barrow's office in Luoyang and the Grand Canal for 600 words. Consider and understand the natural environment and human history at that time from the economic and political aspects. The political and military center of gravity of the Sui Dynasty was in the north. Emperor Yang Di needed MRT to control the south. The Grand Canal project connecting the north and the south was carried out under this objective form. Therefore, it is in line with the needs of the times to dig canals. The excavation of the canal is of great economic and political significance. First, he linked the Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River, which greatly shortened the north-south traffic and facilitated the north-south traffic. The second is to make the communication between North and South products smooth, which plays a great role in economic development. Later, many commercial cities emerged along the main lines along the Yangtze River, which prospered because of their superior geographical location. Yangzhou, at the southern end of Tongji Canal, has gradually become the national economic center. Third, it has further expanded the field of Chinese civilization.

Tongji Canal was dug in March of the first year of Dayuan and opened to traffic in August of the same year. Yongji Canal was dug in the first month of the fourth year of Daye, and it was opened to traffic in less than a few months. More than half of the migrant workers who dug the river died.

Yang Di dug canals mainly to connect the north and the south and strengthen its rule over the whole country. His southern tour along the Yangtze River was itself a political and military demonstration to show the national strength of the Sui Dynasty. At the same time, it also has the purpose of facilitating his own cruise and enjoyment.

Convenient transportation, of course,

Jiangnan's economy has developed remarkably. After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, the political center was in the north. Despite the rapid economic development in the north, Beijing and the border guards still rely on the supply of food in the Jianghuai area. Due to the limitation of land transportation, this demand cannot be met in the north. Therefore, digging canals and using water conservancy transportation became the objective need of social and economic development at that time. Politically, in order to strengthen the control of Northeast China and Jiangnan, Sui * * * also needs to open a North-South Grand Canal. From Yang Di's personal point of view, he also has the purpose of opening canals and rowing dragon boats to the south of the Yangtze River. At that time, the rapid social and economic development of the Sui Dynasty also provided certain material conditions for the holding of the Games. At the beginning of Yang Guang's accession to the throne, in order to strengthen the control of the rich Jiangnan area and extract the wealth of the Jiangnan people, the Sui rulers used natural rivers and old channels to open the Grand Canal with Luoyang as the center in 605. The Grand Canal connects Zhuo Jun in the north (now Beijing) and Yuhang in the south (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) and is divided into four sections. Tongji Canal diverted water from Xiyuan, Luoyang to the Yellow River, dredged Langdang Canal from the eastern half of Luoyang to the Huaihe River, and reached Yang Shan (now Huai 'an, Jiangsu) on both sides of the Huaihe River. The Han ditch opened by Fu Cha, King of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period was dug from Yang Shan, and the Huaihe River diverted into the Yangtze River near Jiangdu (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu). The construction mileage of this section is from Luoyang to Jiangdu 1000 km. The other section is Yongji Canal, from Qu Kai in Luokou to Zhuo Jun, with a total length of 1000 km. There is also Jiangnan, which draws the Yangtze River water from Jingkou to Yuhang and enters Qiantang River, with a length of more than 400 kilometers. The Grand Canal, with a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers, is divided into four sections: Yongji Canal, Tongji Canal, Hangou and Jiangnan. It connects Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River, and flows through the vast areas of Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, becoming the main artery of north-south traffic in ancient China. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the economy of Jiangnan developed significantly, especially Huiji County (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province), which became the richest area in Jiangnan. The political center of the Sui Dynasty was in the north. Although the northern economy is developing rapidly, Beijing and the border guards need a lot of food, which needs to be supplied by Jianghuai area. Land transportation, with slow speed, small size and high cost, can't meet the demand in the north. With the great social and economic development in the Sui Dynasty, * * * mastered a lot of grain, cloth and wealth. This provided sufficient material conditions for the opening of the canal.

The opening of the canal can strengthen the rule of the southeast, communicate the economy between the north and the south, and enhance the military strength of North China. However, the excavation of the Grand Canal has brought a heavy burden to the people, but it has become the main artery of north-south traffic and strengthened the connection between the north and the south. Economically, the opening of the canal has played a great role in national unity and economic and cultural development, and it still benefits the people. Canal water conservancy transportation became the need of social and economic development at that time. Politically, in order to strengthen the control of Northeast China and Jiangnan, Sui needed a North-South Grand Canal. Personally, Yang Di's aim is to open a canal and take a dragon boat to the south of the Yangtze River.

On the evening of February 9th, the Spring Festival Lantern Festival, the melodious "Tongji Song" around Tongji Bridge in Foshan was filled with festive atmosphere.

At the annual "Tour Tongji" Folk Festival, 700,000 people in Foshan rode windmills and walked across Tongji Bridge in an orderly way to celebrate the Lantern Festival and share a harmonious society. Tongji Bridge is 32 meters long and 9.9 meters wide.

The drum-hugging stones at both ends of the bridge set off the windmill with auspicious clouds and bats, which embodies the windmill, a symbol of Tongji Bridge. Thousands of stalls selling windmills are densely covered with streets, and pedestrians, old and young, walk in the street holding windmills high.

Around the Lantern Festival, Foshan became a "sea of windmills". "Go to Tongji" has a windmill in his hand. "Last night, I went to Tongji with my family.

Careful observation of the surrounding crowd, almost a windmill, golden, very lively! Speaking of Lantern Festival, Professor Huang Yaoli from the School of Tourism of Buddhist College is still excited. There is no place for the economy.

As time goes by, citizens are now used to taking windmills, wind chimes and lettuce. Among them, the windmill symbolizing wealth was derived from the 1980s.

The bridge body is carved with artifacts held by the Eight Immortals when crossing the sea, which symbolizes the good wishes of citizens to pray for disaster relief and peace when crossing the bridge. On the upper part of the bridge column, a fruit basket is arched with the elephant's head, which contains pumpkins and peaches, meaning "the elephant holds peace"

The ancient Tongji Bridge, with a stone grade of ***9 at the bridge head and a stone grade of 13 at the bridge tail, embodies the idea of "thirteen returning to nine". Now it is also reflected in the bridge: anti-skid strips are used instead of steps, 9 strips are placed at the northern end of the bridge, and 13 strips are placed at the southern end of the bridge.

It not only improves the safety factor of people crossing the bridge, but also embodies the concept of benefiting enterprises by crossing the bridge. Under Tongji Bridge, there are hydrophilic steps, a fish-knowing pavilion and a fish-watching pavilion, which are taken from the ancient poem, "Fish makes people happy, and the spring scenery is relaxed and relaxed."

The custom of lettuce crossing Tongji Bridge was formed very early. Lettuce is also called "Yi Sheng cuisine". When people cross the bridge, they take it home, which means that everything wins.

Some people throw lettuce casually because they don't know the customs, which not only violates the folk customs, but also affects the environment. Nowadays, the colors, types and shapes of windmills all over the street are much richer than in previous years-from ancient paper windmills to colored plastic windmills, from the traditional style of God of Wealth to the shapes of butterflies and petals, which is dizzying.

Among all kinds of colors, the golden paper windmill is the most eye-catching. It is embedded with miniature couplets such as "Smooth sailing, rich resources, safe and smooth going out" and "All the distinguished people support together, and the financial resources are rolling in". Some of them also have bells hidden inside, which is quite festive. For more than 300 years, Foshan people have passed down the custom of helping the poor from generation to generation.

Moreover, there is a proverb that "there is no place to live if you can help." "Masking" is a Cantonese dialect, which means sadness and fatigue. )

Every year on the 16th day of the first month, Foshan people have the custom of "helping the poor". "Helping the poor" is a folk activity enjoyed by Foshan people as a family. Now, it seems that it has gradually stepped out of Foshan. Under the influence of its radiation, more and more distant friends come here to feel the infinite charm of traditional folk culture together ... Now, "poverty alleviation" activities are playing a huge role in building a famous cultural city, building a city cultural business card and building a harmonious society.

6. The history of Anyang is not less than 500 words. This place where I was born, raised and raised has precious historical sites and beautiful natural scenery.

Anyang was the capital of Shang Dynasty, which was the first country with written records in China, that is, from then on, the ancestors of Chinese descendants moved from ignorance to civilization. Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty was famous all over the world. This kind of writing carved on tortoise shell bones is the earliest writing in China. It can be said that Anyang is the birthplace of China characters. Walking into the Yin Ruins Museum, we can appreciate the sacredness of the life of the first emperor in China, the long history of China and the wisdom of the working people in China at that time. Gorgeous palaces, dazzling funerary objects, and the famous Simu tripod at home and abroad are the crystallization of the wisdom of the working people in China, the pride of China people and my hometown. The beauty and uniqueness of hometown are not limited to these. Henan Opera, which is sung all over China and even the whole world, originated here, and the name of Wenfeng Pagoda is also famous. here

There are not only beautiful legends on the list of gods, but also epic stories of national hero Yue Fei.

7. Historical Story about the Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty Purpose and Conditions for the Opening of the Grand Canal During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the economy in the south of the Yangtze River developed significantly, especially Huiji County (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), which became the richest area in the south of the Yangtze River.

The political center of the Sui Dynasty was in the north. Although the economy in the north developed rapidly, Beijing and the border guards needed quite a lot of food, which needed to be supplied by the Jianghuai area. Land transportation, with slow speed, small size and high cost, can't meet the demand in the north.

Digging canals and using water conservancy transportation became the need of social and economic development at that time. Politically, in order to strengthen the control of Northeast China and South China, Sui also needs to open a North-South Grand Canal.

Personally, Yang Di also has the purpose of opening canals and touring the south of the Yangtze River by dragon boat. At that time, with the great social and economic development of the Sui Dynasty, * * * mastered a lot of grain, cloth and wealth.

This provided sufficient material conditions for the opening of the canal. Opening of the Grand Canal The Grand Canal was opened in the Sui Dynasty from 605 to 6 10 and was divided into four sections: 1. Tongji Canal In 605, Yang Dizheng opened the canal with "more than one million people in Henan and Huaihe counties".

As early as the early Warring States period, Wei dug a gap (the water was diverted with the Bianshui River, and turned south with the sand). Tongji canal is dredged on the basis of gap and downstream Bianhe River.

Tongji Canal draws valley water and Luoshui into the Yellow River from the west of Luoyang, and then draws the Yellow River into the Bianhe River from Banzhu (short for Zhukou of Bancheng, northeast of the Yellow River in Sishui Town, Xingyang, Henan), and then flows into the Huaihe River in the southeast of Kaifeng, Henan. In 2.605, Emperor Yangdi Yang Di recruited more than 100,000 Huainan people to open Hangou.

As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, ordered the canal between the Yangtze River and Huaihe River to be dug. Because this river passes through Hancheng (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu), it is called Hangou.

Han Gou of the Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty was dredged on the basis of Han Gou of the State of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period. It goes from Yang Shan (now Huai 'an, Jiangsu) to Jiangdu and enters the Yangtze River. 3. Yongji Canal In 608, Yang Di collected more than one million able-bodied men in Hebei counties and dug Yongji Canal.

There are not enough men, but also women. Yongji Canal flows into Qinghe River (Weihe River) from the north bank of Luoyang Yellow River to the east of Qinshui River, and reaches Zhuo Jun County near Tianjin today via Shui Gu River (Baihe River) and Sanggan River (Yongding River).

4. Jiangnan River 6 10 opened. From Jingkou to Yuhang, it is "more than 800 miles, more than 10 feet wide".

There are imperial roads, willows, more than 40 detached palaces (from Chang 'an to Jiangdu) and many granaries on both sides of the canal. There is also a canal on the map of the textbook "The Grand Canal of Sui Dynasty", which was opened by Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty in 584.

Because the Weihe River is sandy and has different shades, it is inconvenient to sail. On the south side of the Weihe River, a canal from Chang 'an East to Tongguan into the Yellow River was opened, which was more than 300 miles long and was called Guangtong Canal. After the completion of the Sui Grand Canal, materials from north and south can reach Chang 'an directly.

The position and function of the Grand Canal The Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty was one of the greatest projects in the world. The length of the Grand Canal is second to none in the world, and the depth, width and navigation capacity of the river channel are also the largest.

Its completion embodies the wisdom and creativity of the ancient working people in China. Just like the ancient Great Wall in China, the Grand Canal has enjoyed a world reputation for thousands of years.

After the opening of the canal, "business trips are endless." Pi Rixiu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, said that the canal "connects Zhuo Jun fishermen in the north and transports Jiangdu in the south, which is beneficial to prosperity!" (Pi Jian Bian He Ming) He also praised the Grand Canal in the poem "Looking Back at the Past by the Bian River", saying, "It's a long journey."

The opening of the Canal also promoted the development of cities on both sides of the Canal, and Jiangdu, Yuhang, Zhuo Jun and other cities soon prospered. In addition, the opening of the canal also promoted the maintenance of national unity and centralization.

8. On the anti-Japanese history of Quyang, the Jinchaji anti-Japanese base area wrote an essay: The first anti-Japanese base area behind enemy lines1937165438+10. On October 7, the central government decided to establish the Jinchaji military region, with Nie as commander and political commissar.

[Transferred from Tiexue Community/] This is the first anti-Japanese base area behind enemy lines created by the Eighth Route Army. "After the fall of Taiyuan, most county towns in the border areas of Shanxi, Chahar and Hebei provinces were empty."

Chen Chunsen, president of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Daily History Research Association, said that as early as 1937 and 10, Nie led a team of about 3,000 people to start creating base areas. Shortly after arriving in Quyang County, the Eighth Route Army cavalry battalion fought a beautiful battle.

They destroyed a Japanese military base in one fell swoop. The battle gave the people great confidence.

"This is not only a military victory, but also a battle to inspire people's confidence." Chen Chunsen said that the local people quickly set off an upsurge of participating in the Eighth Route Army.

In just over a month, Quyang County has set up an armed brigade with more than 65,438+10,000 people, and the personnel scale and armed forces in the base counties have also developed rapidly. Chen Chunsen, 9 1 year-old this year, worked in Quyang County Anti-Japanese and National Salvation Mobilization Conference at the beginning of the establishment of the base area, and has been fighting in the base area since then, and has personally experienced the whole process of the construction of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei border area.

"At that time, there was a popular saying in various counties:' Mother sent her children to the battlefield, and her wife sent Lang Dongzheng'." Liu Changming said when talking about the upsurge of joining the army in the base areas.

[Transferred from Tiexue Community/] At that time, Liu Changming, who was only 14 years old, worked in Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Anti-Enemy Newspaper. After the founding of New China, Liu Changming served as the director of Marshal Nie's office.

Liu Changming said that the leading organs of the Party at all levels and the unified anti-Japanese democratic regime have also been established one after another, and the anti-Japanese enthusiasm of more than 10,000 people in dozens of counties/kloc-0,000 people in the border areas has been fully mobilized. Go behind the enemy and destroy the japs.

The Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, which went deep behind enemy lines, landed on the land of China, which was occupied and bullied by Japanese invaders, and accumulated Qian Qian's overwhelming anti-Japanese anger, which soon formed a prairie fire ... The Japanese army advancing on the frontal battlefield suddenly found that they occupied the land, but they did not become the owners of the land. "The opening of the battlefield behind the enemy lines caused the Japanese army to be attacked on both sides at once, and the situation plummeted."

Luo, a researcher at the Academy of Military Sciences, said that this is a very special place on the battlefield in China-on the battlefield in Europe, the opening of the second battlefield will have to wait until 1944. This is the strategic premise that China's anti-fascist war can remain unbeaten and the Japanese army cannot extricate itself from the battlefield in China.

By the end of 1938, the Eighth Route Army had basically completed its strategic deployment behind enemy lines in North China, and relied on guerrilla warfare in the base areas to win from time to time. The Japanese attempt to "quickly solve the zhina incident" was completely unsuccessful.