[Analysis of Educational and Cultural Differences between China and America] Cultural Differences between China and America

Because of the different social environment, there are many differences in education between China and the United States. The following is an analysis paper on the educational differences between China and the United States, which is recommended to you. I hope it will help you!

A brief analysis of the differences between Chinese and American education Part I: Differences and reflections between Chinese and American education.

Abstract: Education is the foundation of the country and the strategy of strengthening the country. Due to the differences in cultural background and educational traditions, there are differences in education quality and personnel training between China and the United States. This paper makes a preliminary analysis and comparison of the educational differences between China and the United States, with a view to providing some enlightenment and thinking for China's educational reform.

Keywords: China, the United States, thinking about educational differences

Education is the foundation of the country, the strategy of strengthening the country, and the most important way to form human capital. Due to the differences in social environment and cultural and historical background, there are differences in education between China and the United States, especially in basic education. These differences also lead to the different states of education quality and personnel training between China and the United States.

There are different opinions on how to evaluate the education in China and the United States. The general view is that education in China is basic education. Learn more and learn less? ; And American education is an education to cultivate creativity. Learn less and learn more? . In other words: China education attaches importance to the consolidation of basic knowledge, while American education attaches importance to the cultivation of creativity; Education in China pays attention to the inculcation and mastery of knowledge. How are you? And then what? Deep? American education pays attention to the flexible use of knowledge. Hiro? And then what? Bo? .

Education in China and the United States have very different traditions, and there are many differences. It is impossible to simply say which is better and which is worse. We analyzed a lot of facts and materials, and made a preliminary discussion based on the field investigation of American education:

First, China and the United States have different cultural backgrounds, educational traditions and educational views.

China has always attached importance to education, and the unique imperial examination system in ancient China encouraged scholars? Learning well is being an official? . Thousands of years' educational tradition has created the most fundamental feature of China's basic education ―― discussing heroes through examinations. Under the examination-oriented education system, recitation and memory are emphasized, and practice makes perfect only within the examination scope; Students are just containers of knowledge and machines that can be tested. China's education pays attention to the inheritance and mastery of human inherent knowledge. All the teaching methods of teachers in class are to instill a lot of knowledge into children, and then use homework and exams to strengthen students' memory and mastery of knowledge. All the questions are to examine students' mastery of knowledge. [ 1]

The United States is an immigrant country, and the cultures of all ethnic groups permeate and tolerate each other. The goal of American education is to train and bring up people who meet the needs of all walks of life in American society, especially those in high-tech fields, so as to ensure their social stability, sustainable economic development and leading position in scientific research. About American education, we can borrow Gao Gang's summary in Encountering American Education. Although American schools don't instill a lot of knowledge into their children in the classroom, they try their best to lead their eyes to the boundless ocean of knowledge outside the campus; Instead of asking children to recite a lot of formulas and theorems, they took pains to tell them how to think and how to find answers in unfamiliar fields. They never use exams to divide students into three or six grades, but try their best to affirm all the efforts of children, praise all the conclusions of their own thinking, and protect and stimulate all their creative desires and attempts. ?

Education in our country pays attention to the accumulation and indoctrination of knowledge, to cultivating students' mastery of knowledge itself, and to cultivating students' thinking of seeking common ground while reserving differences, that is, to let students? Letter? ; The United States, on the other hand, pays attention to cultivating students' ability to solve practical problems by using knowledge, expanding and innovating knowledge, and cultivating students' critical thinking and divergent thinking, that is, to let students? Doubt? .

Second, different views on knowledge.

China education pays attention to the accumulation and indoctrination of knowledge, respects and maintains the authority of knowledge, grasps and inherits knowledge, and constructs a knowledge system; The United States pays more attention to cultivating students' practical ability to use knowledge, questioning and criticizing the authority of knowledge, and creating and expanding knowledge. Most students in China study passively; Most American students are active explorers. In other words, the former is looking for standard answers, while the latter is pursuing truth. [2]

China pays attention to narrow and deep education, while the United States pays attention to broad education. China's education uses the tactics of asking the sea. The teacher asked the students to practice repeatedly and train them to master the skills skillfully until? Perfect? Key points; Mathematics education in American schools is basically? Don't say that. Let people know what is going on. Some people say, what is education in China? Elite? Education, eliminate those who can't learn advanced knowledge. Education in the United States is a combination of popularization and elite education. To take the road of popularization, we only need to receive universal education and basic knowledge education necessary for social survival, which is why the transmission of a lot of knowledge is limited. Choose to go? Elite? Road, need you to work hard, to study hard, to fight for? How are you? Deep? .

China's education pays attention to respecting and maintaining the authority of knowledge, emphasizing learning, and then learning. It is hoped that students can master all the knowledge of human beings at once, and all the knowledge of textbooks should be mastered to the letter, and the authority of textbooks should be respected and maintained. Therefore, people have such a mentality that everything in the book is right and what the authority says cannot be changed.

In American education, there is no standard answer, and almost no two students have the same answer to the same question. For the existing knowledge, they focus on teaching students how to innovate and encouraging them to think and draw conclusions. It doesn't matter whether the conclusion is correct or not. Pay attention to cultivating students' self-confidence, autonomy and independence, hold a questioning and critical attitude towards everything, and constantly discover new things from it.

Some people say that China's education has taught students to believe in authority and speculate on leadership; American education allows students to have their own opinions and explore the truth.

Third, different teaching modes.

In China, primary and secondary schools and even universities all over the country have a unified curriculum and syllabus. The local education authorities will formulate relatively unified teaching content and schedule according to the arrangement of the higher authorities and the local actual situation, and when the school starts and has a holiday will be arranged by the education authorities.

However, primary and secondary schools in the United States do not have a unified national syllabus, let alone a unified national textbook. The curriculum and difficulty of each school are determined by the school and teachers according to the actual situation. Universities and middle schools in the United States all implement the credit system, elective system and major and minor system, with comprehensive courses and integration of theory with practice. Students can take elective courses according to their personal hobbies, and different subjects have different credits. As long as you complete the credits, you can graduate and get a diploma and degree. This is why many American college students can get several degrees at a young age. [3]

There are also great differences in the choice of academic courses between the two countries. China's education requires that mathematics and physics cover all disciplines, and any poor science may have a fatal impact on the future of life; Basic education in the United States gives students greater freedom of choice on the basis of meeting the most basic requirements.

In short, China's education is relatively simple, while American education attaches importance to diversity; China's education pays attention to depth, while American education pays attention to breadth; China's education focuses on cultivating students' rigorous academic attitude, while American education focuses on cultivating students' self-confidence and self-reliance.

Fourth, the differences between values and moral education.

China takes Marxism-Leninism as the guiding ideology, while China's education is also based on social standard, emphasizing? Facing the society? , that is? Society first? Taking collectivism and patriotism as the value pursuit, we should cultivate students' socialist values, devote ourselves to realizing Socialism with Chinese characteristics's modernization, cultivate a large number of advanced elements with a sense of production, and constantly inject new elements into the socialist economy.

China's traditional morality is centered on Confucian ethics. From Confucius? Kind? 、? Loyalty and forgiveness? Sun Yat-sen advocated it? Love? 、? The world is public? And then to modern times? Serve the people heart and soul? It constructs the moral standards and scales of the relationship between people and society in China cultural tradition, thus forming the moral values and social consciousness that the overall interests are higher than individual interests, the interests of others are higher than self-interests, and social development is higher than individual development. This moral education standard runs through the whole education system in China.

America is? Personal orientation? , that is? Personal priority? Pursue personal ideals and rights. American college students should establish capitalist values, which are full of the core ideas of the bourgeoisie, because? An American student must have a basic experience and understanding of American cultural and spiritual traditions, otherwise he is not an educated American? . [4]

American moral tradition originated in Europe, pursuing the liberation of individuality, emphasizing the independent development and cultivation of individuality, and attaching importance to the status and dignity of individuals. People are the starting point and destination of everything, and everything is for people and for people's happiness. This humanistic culture has cultivated people's values of attaching importance to individual rights, independence, equality and democracy. This is particularly prominent in American society and school moral education.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Reflections on the educational differences between China and the United States.

Of course, there are still many differences between Chinese and American education, and here are just a few of them. Due to the differences in social environment and cultural traditions between China and the United States, it is impossible for us to completely copy the American educational model. Compared with the United States, there is no difference in education between China and the United States. Education in China should maintain its traditional advantages, find out its weaknesses and learn from the strengths of others, so as to build a modern education in China that combines localization and internationalization.

References:

[1] Li Yangan. Comparison and reflection on the differences between Chinese and American educational ideas [J]. journal of higher correspondence education, 200 1, 14, (5): 5.

[2] Tian Huwei. Comparative analysis of Chinese and American higher education research methods [J]. China Higher Education Research, 2008, (4): 28.

[3] Zhang. Comparative analysis of basic education between China and America [J]. Journal of Heilongjiang Institute of Education, 2008,27, (1 1): 35.

[4] Huang, Dai Jing. Comparison of moral education goals between Chinese and American schools and its enlightenment [J]. China off-campus education, 2008, (8): 15-25.

A brief analysis of the educational differences between China and the United States Part II: A brief analysis of the differences between Chinese and American school education.

Abstract: School education refers to the educational activities accepted by the educated in various schools and is an important part of the education system. This paper makes a comparative analysis of basic education, secondary education and higher education between China and the United States from three aspects: curriculum type, curriculum content and curriculum evaluation. Through comparison, further reflection. A clear understanding of the essence of China's education and an insight into the leading position of American education will be of great benefit to the educational reform in China today.

Keywords: Chinese and American school education, school education, comparative education

Education can be divided into family education, school education and social education according to its place of occurrence. Before schools and families appeared in primitive society, education was closely integrated with production and life, and the basic form of education was social education in the primitive sense. At the end of primitive society, with the development of productive forces and the emergence of private ownership, the position of family in education began to stand out. Although a special educational institution-school appeared in slave society, due to the influence of class and privilege, only a few people can receive formal school education, and family education still occupies the dominant position in education. It was not until after the capitalist industrial revolution that society needed a lot of productive forces and a large number of women moved from their families to society that modern schools began to occupy a dominant position in the education system. For a long time after that, school education almost became synonymous with education.

School education refers to the educational activities accepted by the educated in various schools and is an important part of the education system. Generally speaking, school education includes basic education, secondary education and higher education.

As Deng Xiaoping said, China is the most populous country? A century-long plan, education-oriented? Guidelines. The United States is the most developed country in the world and the country with the highest quality of education. By comparing the education between China and the United States, while maintaining the essence of China's education, we should tap the shortcomings and make targeted improvements, so that our education will get better and better.

1 Comparison of school education curriculum types between China and America

Early childhood education in America is spent in play. At present, China's early childhood education stage has also noticed this and changed the past? Knowledge is king? Some changes have been made, such as not being allowed to teach addition and subtraction within 10.

In the basic education stage (0-6 years old), China primary schools mainly focus on subject courses and begin to learn a lot of subject knowledge, but American primary schools still focus on activity courses, influenced by Dewey? School is society? Ideological influence.

In middle school, China is still a compulsory course in school. Even if some senior high school courses are changed to elective courses in some areas, they are still within the scope of the original subjects. Not only China high school students study hard, but also American high school students work hard. According to the data, American high school students have to recite more than 1 12 pounds (about 104 kg) of textbooks a year; The first day of American high school, placement exam! The school will teach mathematics, science, a second foreign language and other subjects at different levels. There are five classes in mathematics alone. In fact, the competition started long before the children went to high school. In junior high school, although school ends at 3 pm, students have to spend a lot of time finishing their homework, even writing compositions and giving speeches. In addition to compulsory courses, American middle school students have to deal with a large number of elective courses. Compared with China, American middle schools provide students with more freedom to choose courses. For example, a second foreign language will provide students with French, Spanish, Latin and other languages to choose from. Some students learn three different languages in three years in order to get good grades every semester. Language introduction is always simple. Although not everyone is willing to suffer hardships, this does not prevent a small number of people from choosing difficult Latin for three consecutive years. In fact, college admissions officers get transcripts, not just reading them? Scores? , what else to see? Theme? See if students have chosen the most difficult courses in their own schools and are willing to challenge themselves and get good grades.

At present, our country has begun to try out the elective courses of different subjects in senior middle school, which will inevitably lead to the phenomenon that a large number of students take exams for easy subjects. We can learn from the practice of the United States and further adjust the evaluation and assessment mechanism.

2 Comparison of the contents of school education courses between China and the United States

Recently, Qiu Chengtong, an international master of mathematics, made a judgment on the basic education in China. I don't think the students in China learn the basics well! ? He compared the Chinese and American students who were studying at Harvard University at that time, and thought that the basic knowledge of American students was not worse than that of China students. It's much better? . ? China students' basic knowledge is more solid than that of American students? Actually, it is self-anesthesia, which has challenged the proud field of education in China and caused a strong debate.

Before this, an important reason for primary school educators in China to comfort themselves is that they think our students are? Foundation? Than American students? Solid? At least? Math and physics? Much better than American students of the same age. Some go to America for a quick tour? Check? Almost all middle school principals and teachers who have been employed for a week or two hold this view. What's more, someone has given an ideal education formula: primary education in China+higher education in the United States. This formula undoubtedly acquiesces: China students have a better foundation than American students, but their creativity and research ability are not as good as American students.

The question is: Why? Bad foundation? On the contrary, some students are more creative, critical and bold in asking questions. This does not conform to logic and educational laws. In fact, this understanding is just as Professor Qiu Chengtong pointed out:? This is terrible years of self-anesthesia! ? If you think that the standard of success in education is how many difficult problems you can solve, you will naturally come to this conclusion, and it will get worse and worse for students.

Qiu Chengtong undoubtedly unveiled the last fig leaf on China's education face.

In recent years, there are more and more reports and books about American education in China. One of the important reasons is that the United States is the most powerful country in the world. Almost all the major contemporary scientific discoveries and inventions that change the way of life of human beings come from the United States; In the field of humanities and social sciences, the United States also plays a pivotal role. This is definitely directly related to American education and their educational methods and ideas. This judgment is logical: 1957, the Soviet Union sent an artificial satellite into the sky before the United States, which triggered a nationwide discussion in the United States. Is there a problem with American education? Great discussion.

What is puzzling is that although there is no shielding on the information, although? Quality education? Has been shouting all over the sky, China's basic education and higher education, can not see any substantial improvement, but to study for the exam? Studying for further study? This phenomenon is getting more and more serious. Basic education? Reduce the burden? , also became? Negative is positive? Like a joke.

3 Comparison of school education curriculum evaluation between China and the United States

In the book Quality Education in America, the author said that his children wrote a lot about an event and were criticized by the teacher. ? I don't have my own opinion, just a pile of materials! ? There is no right or wrong answer, but you must be insightful and logical! ?

If our evaluation of students still stays at? How many questions did you answer correctly? How many points did you get? The evaluation of the course still stays at? How much knowledge have the students learned? Let's go Our student union? The more you teach, the more stupid you become? Teacher? The more you teach, the more tired you get? .

What is the essence of American education? There are extremely detailed descriptions in three works in recent years. One is to sing "Notes on Studying in America", in which the author records his educational experience from the senior grades of American primary schools to universities. One is "Quality Education in America" by Huang Quanyu, a doctor of education studying in the United States, which records his son's educational experience in the United States; There is also Gao Gang's experience with American education. The three authors have the same background, all immigrated to the United States, and all made the transition from China education to American education. These three authors live in different states in the United States and their children attend different schools, but their feelings and judgments on American education are strikingly similar. Gao Gang wrote in the book:? Although American schools don't instill a lot of knowledge into their children in the classroom, they try their best to lead their eyes to the boundless ocean of knowledge outside the campus; Instead of asking children to recite a lot of formulas and theorems, they took pains to tell them how to think and how to find answers in unfamiliar fields. They never use exams to divide students into three or six grades, but try their best to affirm all the efforts of children, praise all the conclusions of their own thinking, and protect and stimulate all their creative desires and attempts. ?

That's true. What is the basis of education? On this core issue, China's education as a whole has lost its way. In the United States, the ideal and goal of education is how to protect and develop students' creative talents. Education must adapt to children's nature and development needs; In China, the development of hundreds of millions of students may be strongly limited to examinations and further studies. How many children are happy in this suffocating education? This so-called? Solid? In fact, foundations are anti-educational and run counter to each other.

4 Reflections on the development of education in China

Recently, some people in China have counted the number of papers published in Nature and Science by three world-class universities such as Peking University and Tsinghua and six domestic first-class universities, which are 1999 and 200 1 respectively. As a result, the total number of six first-class universities in China is only 20, which is less than one university in Harvard University (399). Tokyo University, located in Asia, also has 13 1 articles in the same period.

There are many reasons for this gap, including institutional reasons and historical problems, but the biggest reason is definitely education.

China's basic education pays too much attention to subject knowledge. Surface foundation? Not paying attention? Emotion? And then what? Personality? The cultivation of. Examination-oriented education stifles students' innovative consciousness. The original intention of postgraduate education is innovative education, but it is tantamount to fantasy to implement exam-oriented education and advocate innovation in postgraduate education in basic education and secondary education.

After the 1970s, the educational reform in various countries not only became scientific, but also democratized and internationalized. Curriculum reform emphasizes the foundation and systematization of knowledge and the development of students' ability. The educational idea under the background of knowledge economy is that knowledge economy is the possession and allocation of intelligence and knowledge, and knowledge becomes the primary wealth. Creativity is the core of talent view, and the cultivation of personality and sound personality is the basic point of education view. Must say goodbye? No education, promotion? Qualified+characteristics? Educational model, advocate? Seeking truth+proving+using? Academic attitude. These trends constantly promote the construction of educational thought buildings in various countries.

Through the above comparative analysis, we should try our best to find out the deep-seated reasons. From course types to course contents to course evaluation, we should have a deeper understanding and change. Quality education and innovative education are really rooted in China education. Give full play to the comparative function of comparative education and make it serve the educational reform and development in China.

Therefore, the urgent task for China's education is to learn from the educational experience of other advanced countries and improve its educational level while maintaining its own advantages.

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