What influence does the concept of geomantic omen have on the environmental construction of Huizhou architecture?

On the influence of geomantic omen on Huizhou architecture

Feng Shui, also known as Feng Shui, boudoir and Kate. , an ancient "landscape art", belongs to the traditional folk culture of China. It has a long history and profound cultural heritage, and it is a learning formed by ancient Chinese people in the process of long-term adaptation to the environment in order to seek an ideal living environment? . It integrates astronomy, geography, environmental science, architecture, landscape architecture, ethics, prediction and aesthetics, and is the study of heaven and earth, that is, Feng Shui. "It is a precious cultural crystallization accumulated by the Chinese nation after more than 5,000 years of practice. In the past, there were norms of geomantic omen in China's environmental arts. Based on the architectural characteristics of Hongcun, this paper briefly discusses the application and influence of geomantic omen in Huizhou architecture.

Ancient cities, villages, palaces, gardens, temples and tombs were all influenced by geomantic omen in site selection, planning, design and construction. The same is true of the classical gardens in China. The philosophical basis of the geomantic theory of "harmony between man and nature" is the cosmology of "harmony between man and nature", which reflects the relationship between man and nature. It runs through China's ancient philosophy and permeates all fields of China's traditional culture. The greatest influence of geomantic omen on ancient architecture in China is to pursue a suitable earth atmosphere, that is, the most favorable external environment for human growth and development. This environment should be beautiful and the weather is good. Because there are mountains, there is "bone", and there is water, there is "life". Mountains and rivers complement each other. Secondly, the philosophy of Zhouyi has a great influence on Huizhou architecture. Ancient Huizhou was the birthplace of China architecture, and Huizhou people inherited the Central Plains culture and Xin 'an culture. Huizhou people have a deep passion for China traditional culture, and the ancestral culture of the Chinese nation has been deeply integrated into their lives and passed down from generation to generation, and Zhouyi is one of them. In Huizhou, Anhui and Jiangxi, a typical Hakka residence-Ma Touqiang Huizhou architecture can be seen everywhere.

Geomantic omen also plans and manages the living environment according to the cosmic schema of China's ancient Yin-Yang and five lines of gossip Jiugong, which represents the belief of harmony between man and nature, and forms the remarkable character and basic spirit of China's ancient architecture. Although the ancient geomantic omen in China was limited by the backward scientific and material technical means at that time, it still pursued the artistic conception of conforming to nature, moderately transforming and utilizing nature, and pursuing the coordination and cooperation between man and nature, which reached the peak of the aesthetic ideal of harmony between man and nature thousands of years later than western modern literature.

Hongcun, an ancient village in southern Anhui, has basically maintained its original features hundreds of years ago. The neat streets and lanes of bluestone slabs, antique wooden doors and boards, the towering eaves of the horse-head wall extending to the road, and the quaint stone benches and piers erected in the streets and lanes were almost all built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Hongcun first used a natural spring water in the village to expand into a half-moon moon pool as a "cow's stomach"; Then, a stone dam was built across the Jiyang River in the west of the village, and a puddle with a width of more than 60 cm and a length of more than 400 m was built with stones, which led the water flowing into the village from the west to the south and east, surrounded the ancient buildings and ran through the "bovine stomach". This is the "beef intestines". There are stepping stones to wash clothes and water flowers all the way. Most of the houses on both sides of the "Cattle Farm" have courtyards for planting flowers and fruit trees, low walls carved with masonry, winding waterside promenades, and small and exquisite bonsai rockeries. The winding "ox intestines" pass through the hospital, and the water will not rot for a long time. Then four wooden bridges were built on the Yushan River in the west of the village as "cow feet". In this way, an ox-shaped village is formed, in which "the mountain is the bull's head, the tree is the horn, the house is the cow's body and the bridge is the foot". The moon pool is evergreen all the year round, and the pool surface is like a mirror. Bluestone is laid around the pond and swamp, and blue tiles are arranged in order. Blue sky and white clouds fall into the water, old people are chatting, women are washing gauze and handkerchiefs, and urchins are laughing. Later, Mr. Feng Shui thought that from the perspective of Feng Shui, Yuetang, as an "inner yang water", needs to be combined with an "outer yang water" to truly develop the village. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, another hundred acres of fertile land in the south of the village were dug into the South Lake as another "cow stomach". The design and construction of Hongcun "cow-shaped village" lasted 130 years. The scientific water system design of "Niuxing Village" has solved the fire-fighting water for Hongcun, adjusted the temperature, provided convenience for residents to use water for production and life, and created a good environment of "gathering around the river without hindering the passage of streams and roads, and there are clear springs in front of every house". So some people call this a village in Chinese painting.

Hongcun architecture is the representative of Huizhou architecture, which truly reflects the characteristics of Huizhou architecture. The architectural combination is flexible and rich, with brick and wood structure as the main building materials, and blue bricks, bluestones, black tiles and white ashes as their building materials. Quiet mountains and rivers, streets and lanes constitute a harmonious picture of a paradise. The geomantic design and planning of Hongcun provides a good reference for the transformation and layout of modern geomantic omen. The reason why it can be completely preserved so far is closely related to the rational allocation of geomantic omen.