How to Teach Taijiquan

Teaching taijiquan is generally used to break down the teaching method, first from the stakes to start, the basic body posture requirements clearly, so that students memorize, as if the traditional Chinese scriptures do not know is not important, first memorize and then slowly understand. The next step is to teach, first teach footwork, and then teaching techniques, this way commonly used; if you action powerful can also be the first to play again, to give the students a strong impression, haha, but also up a technical pressure on the purpose of the group.

The teaching method is to complete the teaching task of the way, means and way. The use of teaching methods should be based on the teaching task, the characteristics of the material, the actual students, operating conditions and other specific circumstances to determine, which is the key to improve the quality of martial arts teaching. The following is a brief description of some of the common teaching methods used in the teaching of martial arts.

I. Explanation and Demonstration Method

(-) Explanation

Explanation should be concise, focused and clear. Explanation should be based on the teaching task and the actual level of students to use different methods, full of interesting and inspiring, and pay attention to the timing and effect of the explanation.

1. The main content of the explanation

(1) action specifications: explanation of action specifications so that students clear specifications of the specific action, which will help the mastery of technology and improve.

(2) The meaning of attack and defense: explaining the meaning of attack and defense makes students clear about the essence of the action, and helps them to accurately understand and master the main points of the action and how to use it.

(3) basic techniques: basic techniques refer to the skills and methods with general regularity that often appear in martial arts movements. For example, the back of the fist (flat fist) or the eye of the fist (standing fist) is always facing upward when punching forward; for example, punching and pushing the palm are always required to twist the waist and shoulder; for example, the center of the fist is always facing upward when the fist is received at the waist.

(4) Key links: explain the key to mastering the movement, can help students learn the movement faster.

(5) Errors: Explaining the movements that are prone to errors can remind students to prevent such errors from occurring.

2. Methods of explanation

(1) Sequentialized explanation: the explanation of wushu movements, generally speaking the lower limbs first step, step, then the upper limbs of the hand type techniques, and then the upper and lower limbs with the method.

(2) terminological explanation: the name of the action is in accordance with the action structure, image and method of movement, and generally expresses the whole picture of the action, such as the "bow step punch", "horse stance frame fight" and so on. The combination of movement specifications and movement terminology makes it easy for students to memorize the movements and correctly understand the main points of the movements.

(3) Visualization of the explanation: refers to the commonly used natural phenomena compared to the image of the action, such as speaking of "lifting the knee and bright palm" is like a golden chicken standing on its own, will be "servant step through the palm" is compared to the swallows copying the water in general.

(4) single-word explanation: refers to the action process is summarized into a concise, concise explanation of a few words, such as "flying feet in the air", can be stomping on the ground jumping, swinging the legs, lifting the waist and lifting the gas, patting the hands and feet to beat the process is summarized as "stomping, swinging, lifting and patting! "four words to explain.

(5) mnemonic explanation: refers to the key points of the action or the sequence of the action compiled into a jingle to explain, such as the explanation of the bow step, the mnemonic for: "bow the front leg, the back leg taut, straighten the chest, collapse the waist, do not shake. Speaking of punch, push palm height, the mnemonic for: "punch but shoulder, palm finger Qi brow tip".

(ii) demonstration

Demonstration in the visual teaching dominates, demonstration should strive to be accurate, skillful. Elegant, and highlight the characteristics of martial arts. It allows students to understand the image, structure, essentials and methods of the action learned, and is the main means for students to obtain an overview of the action through intuitive perceptual understanding.

1. Complete demonstration

Complete demonstration can make students understand the whole picture of the movement and form a complete concept.

Complete demonstrations can be utilized in the following situations.

(1) The complete demonstration can be used for the newly taught martial arts movements, which can help students to establish the first impression.

(2) Complete demonstrations may be used for movements that are simple in structure and not too difficult.

(3) A complete demonstration can be used for students who have some basic knowledge.

2. Decomposition demonstration

Decomposition demonstration is a teaching method for more complex and difficult movements, which makes it easier for students to understand the details of the movement and better grasp the integrity of the movement.

Decomposition demonstration can be used in the following cases.

(1) the structure and method of action route more complex and difficult action, can be divided into the upper and lower limbs of the two parts or several subsections to demonstrate the teaching.

(2) The movements with more offensive and defensive factors can be demonstrated and taught in the order of offensive and defensive meanings.

(3) The movements that are rich in staccato can be demonstrated and taught in the order of the structure of the movements. Wushu sets in the staccato movement mastery good or bad, directly affects the rhythm of the distinctive. This type of action must have the following basic characteristics: ① in an action containing the characteristics of the light and heavy, according to the light and heavy contrasting factors to divide the details of teaching; ② in an action containing the characteristics of a sudden change of direction, according to the part of the sudden change of direction to divide the details of teaching; ③ in an action containing the characteristics of the escapement or to take the fight, according to an escapement or a longitudinal or a take a fight to the teaching of the points.

Decomposition of the demonstration is to enable students to better master the action, so it is not appropriate to break down the action too detailed, should be as soon as possible to the complete action of the transition. The decomposition demonstration and the complete demonstration should be used organically, generally should follow the complete a decomposition and again the principle of complete.

3. Demonstration surface and position

Demonstration is to solve the problem, so pay attention to the demonstration surface, demonstration position and demonstration of the speed of the choice and use.

(1) demonstration surface: demonstration surface of the front, back, side and mirror of the four methods. In teaching, according to the needs of flexible choice, in general, a single action can be used front or side demonstration; combination of actions and sets of actions can be used back demonstration; lead to do wushu exercises or preparatory activities can be used when the mirror demonstration. Such as horse stance movements, in order to make students clear the width of the two feet open and the direction of the toes are facing, the front demonstration can be used; to see the chest, collapse the waist, the knees can not exceed the specifications of the toes, the side demonstration can be used.

(2) demonstration position: the choice of the teacher demonstration position should be based on the number of students and the formation to determine, to be conducive to student observation as a principle. Generally can stand at the apex of the isosceles triangle of the horizontal team, such as four horizontal team, you can let the first two rows of students sit down or crouch down, so that the students in the back row can also see the demonstration of action; can also be used in the two horizontal team standing relative to each other, the teacher stood in the middle of the demonstration. When demonstrating, try to avoid facing the sun or the wind.

(3) Demonstration speed: Demonstration speed can be divided into slow and normal speed. Demonstration speed should be based on the degree of difficulty of the action. Generally easier to grasp the action can be used normal speed for a complete demonstration; for the more difficult to grasp the action can be used slow speed demonstration. Demonstration and explanation should be used organically. Wushu teaching, sometimes can be explained first after the demonstration, or first demonstration after the explanation, but also can be explained while the demonstration. Generally speaking, for new material content and poor foundation of students teaching, should be demonstration-based; for complex material content and better foundation of students teaching, should be explanation-based.

(3) Leading and commanding

In teaching, leading and commanding is a special form of demonstration and explanation by the teacher, and it is also the main means and method of teaching wushu. It can effectively guide the students to master the movement, but also facilitate the students to unify the action.

1. Leading to do

Leading to do is the teacher to do the action to lead the students to imitate the practice. Through the lead to do so that students initially grasp the direction and route of the set movement. The following requirements should be noted when leading.

(1) the position of the leader should be appropriate: the teacher's position should generally stand in the direction of the set of movements diagonally in front of the direction of movement, to be consistent with the direction of movement of the students. When the direction of the action changes, the teacher's lead position should be changed with the direction of the student's movement, at the same time, students should be used to redo or password prompting the essentials of the method, so that the teacher has time to move towards the position of the change to continue to lead. In this way, not only can avoid confusion in the student's memory, but also conducive to the mastery of set movements.

(2) The combination of leading and commanding: the teacher's leading should be a little slower, so that the students can observe and imitate, and at the same time, use concise language to prompt and command the command organically combined. In the teaching of wushu, when teaching new material, the body should be led mainly, with the command, so that students imitate the movement more accurately; review of the material should be led mainly by the command, supplemented by the body, which is conducive to help students memorize the action.

2. Commands

When the students have basically learned the movements, the teacher can use the commands to direct the students to practice. The correct use of passwords can unify the students' actions, to achieve the effect of neat and tidy teaching.

(1) commonly used password: that is, a move a call sign, this password applies to simple movements and basic exercises, such as some of the action needs to be broken down into a number of movements of the coherent practice, can be in the original a move a beat on the basis of additional passwords. Generally the power of the action password should be short, bright and powerful, the transitional action password can be appropriately slowed down. The command's height, length, speed must be in line with the rhythm of the set of exercises.

(2) Prompting password: Before issuing the password, add the name of the action or concise terminology as a pre-command to inspire prompts, such as "arm around the hand lunge punch - 1". This is for beginners or easy to forget the movements available cueing password.

(3) single-word password: according to the characteristics of the structure of the action, the choice of both hints, but also to emphasize the action of the single-word password, such as "lifting the knee pointing the sword" action "lifting the knee" can be used to "lifting "The word "point sword" can emphasize the word "point".

Second, practice method

(-) practice method

Practice is the main method for students to master and improve the technical skills of wushu under the guidance of the teacher through repeated practice. Imitation exercises, repetition exercises, and meditation exercises are often used in teaching.

1. Imitation practice students imitate the practice is mainly to clarify and remember the movement of the action route, direction and method, and can initially learn the action. Therefore, in the imitation practice teachers do not arbitrarily change the direction of the movement practice, at the same time will be cultivated before the class students backbone or the foundation of the better students arranged in the formation of the four weeks, is conducive to improving the effect of imitation practice.

2. Repeat practice

Students initially learn the action, the teacher should be timely to organize the students to repeat the exercise, in order to gradually form the correct action power stereotypes. Teachers to repeat the form of practice, time, the number of times to be determined according to the teaching task and teaching content of the lesson. At the same time, the teacher should make clear to students the specific requirements and precautions of various exercises.

3. Contemplation exercises

Contemplation is a practice method to strengthen the movement and technique by reproducing the movement image obtained by the brain through the activities of the mind. Meditation practice is generally used after the new learning movement or before reviewing the movement, can help students deepen the impression of the movement, but also conducive to the elimination of fatigue, regulate the amount of an effective means of exercise. The duration of the meditation exercise in class is generally not too long, about 1-3 minutes each time.

(B) the form of practice

Wushu class organization practice form generally have collective practice, group practice and single practice.

1. Collective practice

Collective practice is a form of centralized instruction for the whole class, **** the same practice. It is mainly by the teacher with the body lead or command to guide the students to practice, to facilitate the unified action requirements. In the oral instruction of collective practice, the teacher should pay attention to the observation of the students' **** wrong movement, in order to correct in time.

2. Group practice

Group practice is a centralized guidance will be divided into a number of groups to practice the form of students. Group practice is generally in the students basic mastery of the content of the lesson, the teacher put forward the requirements of the group leader or the backbone of the students to lead the group of students to practice. There are two forms of grouping:

(1) several groups practicing according to the designated site, the teacher takes turns to guide.

(2) One group practicing, several groups observing and teacher commenting.

3. Single practice

Single practice is a form of exercise for students to complete alone. Single practice is generally in the student basic mastery of the action, the teacher put forward the requirements of practice, the students alone to practice, help to master and consolidate the action, and at the same time can eliminate the dependence of the students on the teacher or companions, to train students to think and practice independently. In the process of solo practice, the teacher should target individual counseling, point out the error, according to the individual teaching.

Three, correct the error method

Correct the error is the teacher of the students in the process of learning to master the action of the various errors, to be pointed out, and help them to correct. Generally commonly used correction methods are the following five.

1. Slow decomposition and lead to do

Because of the students' ability to accept and poor coordination and the emergence of the wrong action, the teacher should patiently and repeatedly explain the technical aspects of the action, can be used to break down the action, slow demonstration, and more lead to do and so on to help correct the method.

2. Static depletion experience

Because of the students' poor muscle proprioception, they can not effectively control the movement and errors, the teacher should emphasize the specifications and requirements of the movement, and can use the static depletion of the stakes, control of the legs, etc., so that the students can enhance the feeling of the relevant muscle exertion to help correct the erroneous movements.

3. Protect and help

When the students are afraid of danger and can't do well, the teacher can use some effective protection and help to eliminate their psychological barriers, and let the students feel relieved to experience the movement essentials, and gradually overcome the errors in the movement.

4. Language tips

Because the students forget the action or the action is not clear and error, the teacher can be used to prompt the name of the action or action to inspire, induce students to complete the correct action of the movement process.

5. Comparative analysis

When students do not understand the nature of the action and the role of the error, the teacher can find out the differences according to the nature of the action of the attack and defense, and through the positive and negative comparative demonstration method, so that the students can clarify the differences between the action, to help correct the error of the purpose.

Teachers should use collective correction when correcting errors, such as those of a *** nature, and individual correction should be used for special errors. At the same time to inspire students to analyze the cause and effect relationship of the wrong action, to develop their ability to analyze and solve problems. Evaluation method

(-) observation and questioning

1. Observation

Observation is the most direct way for teachers to understand the degree of students' mastery of movement techniques in the process of teaching wushu. Teachers in the observation, first of all, should be good at finding students in the practice of the problem to analyze; secondly, to timely feedback guidance. For example, after the teacher directs the students to practice collectively with the command, the teacher will comment on the strengths of the practice in a timely manner, and at the same time point out the problems and matters that should be noted, so that the students will know the effect of each practice in a timely manner, in order to facilitate self-adjustment.

2. Questioning

Questioning is the main method for teachers to understand the students' knowledge and skills in wushu by asking students to briefly explain their own experiences and insights according to the questions asked by the teacher. The content of the question should be concise and consistent with the content of the explanation, such as analyzing the specifications and requirements of the movement, strength and coordination, spirit and rhythm. At the same time, the teacher should master the timing of the questions to inspire students to think positively.

(2) Spot check and test

1. Spot check

Spot check is a method for teachers to let a single student or two or three students to perform drills to check whether the wushu movements are correct and coordinated, and whether the set movements are coherent and skillful. Spot check, for acceptance of fast, good mastery of technical movements and acceptance of slow, poor mastery of technical movements of students should focus on spot check, so that students observe each other, learn from each other, help each other, to achieve *** with the purpose of improving.

2. Quiz

The quiz is the teacher of the students learned martial arts technology stage examination or semester assessment method. Quiz is the main part of checking teaching and learning. Therefore, teachers should determine the content of the test according to the syllabus and the basic requirements of teaching, and formulate the scoring methods and standards; the test should be based on the technical level of the students' on-site independent rehearsal and objective evaluation; the test should be followed by a serious summary of the teaching, so as to improve the teaching and learning in the future, and strive to achieve the most optimal teaching effect.

(3) teaching competitions

Teaching competitions are an important method to mobilize students' enthusiasm for learning and practicing wushu, cultivate their enthusiasm for practicing wushu, and make them practice under the condition of "competition", to complement each other's strengths and weaknesses, and to exchange their skills. Teaching competitions can be conducted in three forms: class, group and individual. The content of the competition can be divided into the basic skills and basic movements of the competition, sets of competitions or attack and defense fighting competitions (attack and defense fighting competitions to ensure safety). The rating can be assessed by the teacher or a combination of student and teacher comments.