How many processes were there to build a door in ancient times? Simple doors have so much attention.

Ancient doors are completely different from modern doors. The main entrance of ancient courtyards is usually double-fanned, which looks magnificent from a distance and exquisite in detail from a close look. In fact, in ancient times, there was a lot of stress in building a door, and it took about 10 components to form a complete door. And every part is carefully designed, and there are many small details hidden inside. It is difficult to see the intention without careful observation. So this time, I will tell you something about ancient doors. If you are interested, come and have a look.

The ancients said that "the door is the crown of a house". The door is a place where families can breathe and breathe, and it is an indispensable part of the traditional ancient buildings in China. Door is a symbol of ancient social status and rank, and its shape also reflects the strict hierarchy.

The gate of the old house shows the long history of ancient architectural culture and the wisdom of our ancient craftsmen. In this issue, we are going to study the components of ancient architecture gates, which are generally composed of door frames, door heads, door leaves, door nails, door piers, door knockers and door nails.

doorframe

The door frame is a frame composed of two left and right frame columns and an upper transverse purlin, which is fixed between the columns of the house or between the holes in the wall and is mainly used for placing door leaves.

In this way, the width of the door leaf is naturally smaller than the width between the door posts. The addition of the door frame needs to add various components at the same time, so the structure of the door looks very simple, in fact, there are many decorative details and precautions.

There are two kinds of doorframes: wooden doorframes and stone doorframes. Wooden doorframes are generally installed on the gatehouses formed by wooden walls or brick-soil walls on both sides, while stone doorframes are installed on thicker brick-soil walls.

door

At first, there was a simple double-sided sloping roof on the door frame, which was used to keep out the sun and rain. The small roof on this door is called the "door head".

The door head not only has a functional function, but also has a decorative function, which makes the door look more imposing. Later, the practical function of the door head gradually faded, and gradually evolved into a simple decorative piece covering the door.

The exquisiteness of the door and the height of the threshold are all silently stating how much this nation once attached importance to family relations.

door leaf

Door leaf is the most important part of the door itself. In ancient times, there were two doors and one or more doors. In ancient buildings in China, this kind of door leaf was made of wood.

For ordinary houses, the width of a door leaf is at least half a meter, while for large buildings such as temples and palaces, the door leaf can reach 1 meter or even 1 meter.

The gate is made of solid materials and heavy materials. Generally, flat doors are not partition doors, which have better shielding effect and defense performance. Pay more attention to the door panel of the gate, especially the cinnabar paint, which is the most elegant.

Door pillow

In order to support the door leaf, piers are often set at both ends of the sill under the door, and small holes are drilled on the piers to place the door shaft. This kind of pier supporting the door shaft is called "door pillow"

The stout door shaft has huge door leaves, and the whole center of gravity falls on the door pillow stone and rotates freely around it. Door pillows are mostly stone, also known as "door pillow stone". The door pillow stone is generally divided into two parts, one inside the door leaf and the other outside the door leaf.

The part of the door pillow exposed outside the door is carved, which is what the ancients often said. The beautiful appearance and exquisite patterns leave room for craftsmen to fully display their skills.

Door hairpin

Door hairpin is an ornament on the lintel of the gate of an ancient building, which originated from the headdress of ancient women and was named after it. The door was originally used to fix the doornail on the door frame to make the door rotate. Two doornails can play a fixed role.

In ancient times, the so-called "door to door" refers to the door needle on the ancient gate, so the door needle is also graded, marking the identity of the head of the household. The number of "household pairs" shows that the title of the owner can be one to five grades six, six to seven grades four, other small officials or ordinary big families two.

The door hairpin has a variety of shapes, and the front is carved or painted, decorated with patterns or patterns of rare birds and animals. There are often words such as "Chunlan Summer Lotus", "Autumn Chrysanthemum and Winter Plum", "Good luck", "Fu Lu Shou De" and "Peace in the world". When there are only two doornails, the word "auspicious" is engraved.

Door stile/knocker

The switch of the door leaf needs the help of the handle, which also has the function of knocking at the door. In order to make the handle look beautiful, a base called "door cymbal" is added at the joint between the handle and the door panel. The cymbal is named after its shape is similar to that in folk musical instruments.

In addition to practicality, cymbals have a strong decorative significance. Made of metal, the plane is round or hexagonal, a bowl-shaped round button is raised in the middle, and a ring or metal plate is hung on the button.

The part around the knob is called "circle", carved with hollow patterns, or made into auspicious symbols or wishful patterns to increase the decorative effect of the door cymbals.

Visitors can knock on the cymbals and tell their hosts that in official families, the cymbals are often made into animal faces, also called "lying on the head", which has the function of exorcising evil spirits.

Pushou

The most distinctive form of cymbals is paving, which some people call the best of cymbals. Most of them are made of copper, with animal faces, glaring eyes, teeth exposed and big rings in their mouths. The animal face in the shop looks like a dragon instead of a dragon, and looks like a lion instead of a lion, which means to ward off evil spirits.

The shop head is just the base of the knocker, and the shop head ring is the complete knocker. The traditional door paving is not only a decorative component, but also has strict grading regulations in ancient times.

"Ming History" records: "The main entrance of the four cities of Prince Mi is painted with gold nails and copper rings; Green oil copper ring at the entrance of Gongwangfu; Gold lacquer animal face tin ring for the back door of Guanbai No.1 Middle Palace; One or two products official door green oil animal face tin ring; Black oil tin ring of three to five official doors; Six to nine grades of black oil iron rings on the official gate ... "。

knocker

Door knocker, commonly known as buzzer, is a handle installed on the gate. The origin of knockers can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period. Until the Tang dynasty, only the gates of the official residence and ancestral hall could enjoy the "one ring", and the gates of ordinary people could not be decorated. After the Song Dynasty, knockers gradually became folk.

The knocker is majestically buckled on the facade, and the gorgeous knocker makes the finishing touch to the gate. When people in the hospital go out, they pull the leaves or iron rings in the middle with their hands and bring them to the door. Outsiders tapped on the door and called the hospital to open the door. When an acquaintance comes, the number and weight of the buckle are the same.

Door knocker is an ancient building component with practicality, decoration and doorstep, and it is a very important part of the "door culture" of ancient architecture in China.

doornail

At first, the doornail only played a reinforcing role. Because the door panels are mostly assembled, door nails are installed at the joints for reinforcement, and the exposed nail caps are mushroom-shaped, and later gradually become decorations on the doors.

Door nails were also called "floating nails" in ancient times. The floating nail is a bubble on the water, which describes the door nail on the door panel as if it were a bubble floating on the water. The doornail is usually driven into the door panel about an inch.

The number of doornails is very particular. In the Qing Dynasty, it was stipulated that only palaces could decorate nine doornails, seven for Prince Mi and five for the Cross House. Ordinary people's homes should not be decorated with doornails.

For example, the doornails of the royal building are horizontal and vertical, and there are 8 1 doornails on the palace gate. In ancient times, it was called the ninth five-year plan as the emperor's throne.

doorsill

The threshold is a crossbar and stone bar located at the lower end of the door frame, which is the dividing line between the inside and outside of the door. A higher threshold can prevent the invasion of sandstorms, floods and insects and rats to a certain extent.

The threshold is a symbol of the ceremony between the host and the guest. When guests cross the threshold and enter the hall, they need to keep their heads down and look at the steps to prevent bumping. This is respect for the host. There is a saying that "the threshold is broken, there is nothing inside and outside", which shows that the threshold is the boundary between family order and other etiquette.

In ancient times, stepping on someone else's threshold was disrespectful to the owner of the house. Later, the threshold was expanded, which not only blocked money but also blocked life. Therefore, people often say that they have "crossed the threshold" when things are not going well, and often hear that someone has a high threshold, indicating that the family conditions are good.

China Gate full of historical charm. Looking at the drum stone pattern on the stone pier, silently counting the "door pairs" on the door hairpin, knocking out a low crash with the hand-laid ring, and pushing open the creaking door of Gu Lou. Long history and legend face to face.

As the facade of China Siheyuan, Zhaimen often gives people the most intuitive first impression, which is the most concentrated embodiment of the traditional ancient architecture art in China, no matter from the shape, structure, carving and decoration.