What kind of musical instrument does pipa belong to?

It belongs to folk music and plucked musical instruments.

The word "Pipa" is a pictophonetic character, which is obtained by simulating the sound played on musical instruments since the Great Wall was built in the Qin Dynasty. On vertical or oblique instruments, "Pipa" is the sound obtained by simulating playing to the left, and "Pa" is the sound obtained by simulating playing to the right. In ancient times, all musical instruments played in a similar way were called "pipa". Therefore, at that time, "Pipa" was the general name of Sanxian, Pipa, Ruan, Yueqin and other musical instruments. Later, each similar instrument had a special name. The name pipa has become the exclusive name of this kind of pipa. Pipa was considered as the main musical instrument in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, Daqu often began with pipa. Pipa is still very popular among people in central and southern China. Mainly used for rap accompaniment, there are also many solo tunes.

At present, according to different tunes, there are several ways to tune the pipa, among which the most common one is the "positive tuning" method. The four empty strings are set to four tones of A, D, E and A from left to right, that is, D key 5, 1, 2, 5. In Song Dynasty, Shen Kuo (1030- 1094) collected a copy of Tanghe Huaizhi Pipa. The preface says: "Pipa has eighty-four tones, with Ling Huang in it, too many clusters, and the sound of gongs, so the strings can't be shot, so it is necessary to control the color and set the strings." The remaining 8 1 notes all obey these three notes. That is to say, the tuning of pipa is to tune Ling Huang, Taiqun and Lin Zhong with pipes, that is, 1, 2 and 5. It can be seen that the tuning method of the Tang Dynasty has not changed until now. ―― Excerpt from Notes on Musical Instruments of China in Past Dynasties edited by 1959.

In the development of pipa in recent years, the technological process is very perfect. According to different requirements, popular products include white wood, middle-grade mahogany, high-grade old mahogany, blood sandalwood and rosewood. Pipa pillow has sandalwood, mahogany and horn. Pipa is inlaid with bakelite, mahogany, ox bone, ox horn and so on. The head flower of pipa is made of plastic, ox bone and so on. The panel is paulownia wood. Select panel materials according to different requirements. The production technology of pipa is improving day by day. On the basis of timbre, the woodworking technology of appearance is getting higher and higher, which puts forward new requirements for the woodworking technology of producers. Nowadays, professional folk music is not only measured by the standards of instrumental music, but also requires artistic techniques.

Classification of pipa

Five-stringed Pipa: At the turn of the Han and Wei Dynasties, musicians from the western regions were introduced to China from India through the Silk Road. The earliest records can be found in Sui Shu Music Records. It prevailed in the Central Plains in the 5th and 6th centuries. Later it spread to the south of our country. During the five hundred years from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the five-stringed pipa became popular and became the main musical instrument of Xiliang, Qiuci, Tianzhu, Shule, Anguo and Koryo in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. In the works of many poets such as Zhang Hu and Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty, there are descriptions about banjo. The structure of the five-stringed pipa is roughly the same as that of the ancient four-stringed pipa, but it was not used in the Song Dynasty and was replaced by the four-stringed pipa.

Nanyin Pipa: Pipa has been handed down from generation to generation, and it has changed to varying degrees in appearance, specifications, playing posture and so on. Nanyin Pipa is named after playing folk music "Fujian Nanyin". Pipa has developed into a vertical embrace since the Tang Dynasty, but Fujian Nanyin has always maintained an ancient horizontal embrace posture, so it is also known as the "horizontal embrace pipa". Nanyin Pipa is popular in southern Fujian and Taiwan Province Province. It is one of the main instruments to play Fujian Nanyin, and plays a leading role in the band. * * * * Together with Nanyin Dong Xiao, they play the melody of the music together, making the light and euphemistic Fujian Nanyin full of local characteristics.

Pipa: On the basis of pipa, the back plate originally used for acoustic reflection is thinned to make it vibrate, and the string is tied up and moved up and down to increase the volume of the piano. Cello tuning can also be used. Can participate in band performances, most suitable for playing large-scale national orchestral works with modern themes.

Yuepa: It has the advantages of both Yueqin and Pipa. It can be set and played according to the traditional method of pipa, or it can be set and played with violin. The pronunciation of "Yuepa" is more powerful than that of Yueqin, with its loud volume, pure sound quality, crisp, full and bright voice, which is most suitable for Beijing opera accompanied by Jinghu.

High-pitched pipa: the upper right part of the piano body is crescent-shaped, and there are sound holes and sound windows on the ventral surface. The sound column in the piano is adjustable, and the pronunciation is one octave higher than that of the ordinary pipa. Balanced high and low tones, beautiful timbre.

Electric Pipa: The national style of the original Pipa is maintained in appearance, except that some electrical components are installed on the piano box panel, and the pickup is placed under the strings close to the strings. The vibration of the strings is converted into electrical signals by electromagnetic induction, and then sounds are produced by power amplifiers and speakers. In order to avoid reverberation caused by * * * vibration, the electric pipa increases the thickness of the panel, reduces the volume of the * * * speaker, and has a purer sound quality. The timbre of electronic pipa