Polo was very popular in the aristocratic circles in the Tang Dynasty. What is the origin of polo?

Polo was very popular in the aristocratic circles in the Tang Dynasty. What is the origin of polo? 197 1 year, archaeologists from China excavated the tomb of Prince Zhang Huai in the Tang Dynasty in Ganxian County, Shaanxi Province, and unearthed more than 50 murals, including Ma Qiutu, which made contemporary people intuitively appreciate the fashion and prosperity of this movement in the Tang Dynasty. Polo is a representative sport in the Tang Dynasty and an indispensable lens for filming film and television works in the Tang Dynasty. This passionate and passionate sport is also a portrayal of that era. Then, there are probably three kinds of speculations about the origin of polo, namely, the Central Plains Theory, the Tubo Theory and the Alien Theory. Let's have a look.

1, originated in the Central Plains. In China's historical documents, the word "striking the bow" appeared earlier in Cao Zhi's Du Ming Fu, which said: "Even jumping and striking the soil is smart." This is also the word "bow-pulling" discovered by China. Cao Zhisheng lived in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, so it can be inferred that Polo appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Mr. Tang Hao made it clear in the 1950s that polo in China may have originated from the development trend of ancient kicking, probably in the Han and Wei Dynasties, which constituted a bow-playing competition, and Cao Zhi's "bow-playing" was the evolution of "kicking".

Kicking football was originally a traditional game. In the second half of the Han dynasty, equestrian training was widely carried out in the army to resist the invasion of foreign cavalry, while kicking the ball in the Han dynasty was used by border guards for training and games and entertainment. After the kick, some soldiers rode on horses and touched their bows carelessly with weapons. In the long run, the two were combined by soldiers and evolved into polo, which is a military training activity.

At that time, polo had certain standards for the venue, the total number of games and the way of playing. As the saying goes, "a bow and a wall are like yin and yang." Heng Yue is right, 26 years old is very. It is common to build an apartment that stands for a long time. " (Living in Shi Ming by Li You).

When the ancients expounded the origin of polo, they mostly traced it back to kicking the ball. For example, Du Gongshan wrote in the Chronicle of Jingchu in the Yuan Dynasty: "Liu Xiang said to Belu,' Playing ball was made by the Yellow Emperor, and this soldier is powerful.' So it originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Press: A bow is the same as a ball. The ancients thought that drama was also a play. "And Cai Fu said in the preface of" Play the Ball ":"I would like to play an ancient drama according to the player. What the Yellow Emperor did was to train soldiers. He was knowledgeable and brilliant. Stealing beauty, I would like to play the chapter of "playing ball" The seal cutting performance of mink song in Feng Shiwen Ji Jian Volume 6 Kicking the Ball says: "Kicking the ball is also an ancient way of kicking the ball. "

Cai Fu described it like this in the poem "Playing Ball": "On the east side of the Beiyuan of Deyang Palace, the cloud is the platform and the moon is the building. .................................................................................................................................................................................. Red mane full of wind, yellow hair full of purple hair. The stars rushed down the flower field and flew to draw the head of the staff in the first month. We've been fighting for a long time, so we can focus on raising them first.

On a frosty night, I played in the Han Palace and returned to the Yao Room to mourn (Volume 75 of Complete Tang Poetry). The "Deyang Palace" mentioned in this ancient poem refers to the castle in Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which was not destroyed by Dong Zhuo in the Han Dynasty. The poem "Almighty geese grow nine flowers" refers to the poem "Thrushcross birds on Chang 'an Road, geese grow nine flowers" in Cao Zhiming's Ming Dynasty.

"Deyang Palace Beiyuan East" records that there was a special polo field in the palace at that time, while "Running under the Stars" and "Flying over the Painting Staff" described the polo match scene. If what Cai Fu said is true, it can be explained that polo appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

2. It originated from a description in "Yi Ball Play in Feng Shiwen, Ji Jian and Liu Juan" performed by Tubo in "Mink Song": Emperor Taizong often ruled Anfumen, saying that courtiers said, "I heard that westerners are good at playing ball, and they are better than others, so I have watched it. There were a group of Hu Jie players in Chengxian Building yesterday, who wanted to meet them. This school of nonsense loves this, just for this. " The "Xifan people" here may refer to the Tubo people, that is, the Tibetans today. Most of the nationalities and Tubo people in the Western Regions are Huns. Their mounts are of relatively high quality, and their descendants are good at archery, so most of them are good at polo.

With the governor's governance of the western regions in the early Tang Dynasty, the Silk Road was re-established and the exchanges between people of all ethnic groups increased. At the same time, the cultural exchanges between the East and the West have entered an unprecedented stage of prosperity. According to historical records, during the Tang Dynasty, countries in the western regions constantly presented special famous horses needed for polo to the Tang Dynasty according to the Silk Road. "Westerners like to play ball" is mainly due to the style formed by regional characteristics and customs, and there is no historical data to further prove that polo originated in Tubo.

Although there is no other historical data to prove that polo originated in Tubo, some people have found a trace of direct evidence from applied linguistics. Polo is called polo all over the world. Many experts and scholars have studied its origin from the perspective of applied linguistics, and can basically confirm that the word "polo" comes from Mongolian, so they clearly put forward the position that polo originated in Tibet.

This theory was first put forward by Laufer, a German with American citizenship. According to his study of Mongolian, he saw that "polo" in Mongolian means polo. Later, many experts emphasized that "polo" in English is a foreign word, and fundraising in English is a dialect of Mongolian.

Mr Yin Faru of China is one of the representatives of this statement. He believes that the word "Polo" evolved from the Mongolian line ball "Polo", while polo in all European languages basically uses the word "polo". When there is a foreign word "polo Ball" in German, it refers to "polo" in English, but some people think that this word comes from Mongolian. It is a little pale to prove the historical origin of Tubo polo only from the perspective of words. Without more favorable historical data, it is difficult to say clearly that polo began in Tubo.

3. Originated in Persia, many experts and scholars believe that polo originated in Persia, formerly known as polo. Both Xiang Da and Mr. Luo Xianglin believe that the word "ball" in the Tang Dynasty was transliterated from the Persian word "guy". Mr. Xiang Da once said: "Polo is a kind of immediate play. It originated in Persia, then spread westward to Constantinople and eastward to Turkestan. Then it spread from Turkey to China, Tibet and parts of India. The Japanese and Korean dynasties also had this kind of drama, but it came from China. "

But Polo is not called "polo" in Persia, but "chawgan"; The ball used in the game is called Guy. Generally speaking, the word "Ti" in the Tang Dynasty was transliterated from the Persian word "Guy", or the Persian word "Guy" was translated from the Tang Dynasty, so we don't know. So, which source do you think is more credible? Welcome to leave a message in the comment area for discussion.