Know little about musical instruments

1. Music tips are simple and popular, and beginners don't get extra points if they don't understand.

Look at 1 after a little calculation: Tone is a physical phenomenon.

When an object vibrates, it produces sound waves, which pass through the air to the eardrum and are perceived as sound after being reflected by the brain. The sound that people can hear vibrates about 16-2000 times per second, while the sound used in music (excluding sound) is generally limited to 27-4 100 times per second.

The size, strength, length and timbre of sound depend on the vibration of the object. 2. Timbre refers to the sensory characteristics of sound.

The vibration of the pronunciation body is composed of many harmonics, including pitch and overtones, and the timbre is determined by the number of overtones and their relative strength. People's ability to distinguish timbre is innate, and the color of music can be divided into vocal timbre and instrumental timbre.

The timbre of the voice is divided into high, medium and low tones, male and female; The timbre of instrumental music is mainly divided into stringed instruments and wind instruments, and the timbre of various percussion instruments is different. 3: * * * (resonance) * * * refers to a kind of vibration.

When a pronunciation body vibrates, it will cause other objects to vibrate, produce sounds and produce * * * sounds. 4. When the pitch object vibrates, the tone with the lowest frequency is the pitch, and the rest are overtones.

Pitch determines pitch. 5. Harmonic overtones, except that pitch is the lowest tone produced by the whole vibration of the pronunciation body, other parts such as 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4 also vibrate at the same time, which is a harmonic.

The combination of overtones determines the specific timbre, which can make people feel the loudness of pitch obviously. Musical instruments and all sounds in nature have overtones.

6. Pitch Pitch is expressed by the number of vibrations in one second. More frequency leads to pitch, less frequency leads to bass.

At present, the international standard sound "A" is the sound that vibrates 440 times per second. 7. Phonetic names refer to names that represent a fixed pitch in the western music system.

These names are not uniform, and they are different in different countries. Widely used are: C D E F G A B.

8. The syllable name refers to the name of the tone on the scale. General use 1do, 2re, 3mi, 4fa, 5sol, 6la, 7si.

Major tonic 1do, minor tonic 6la. 9: Range (pass) The range between the lowest and highest tones that a human voice or musical instrument can reach is called the range.

The range can be divided into general range and personal range, vocal range and instrumental range. 10: Tonality Tonality refers to the mode category and tonic height.

In music, the tonic is the core of melody and harmony, and other sounds are subordinate to it, ending in the tonic. This kind of music is tonal music.

1 1: The scale refers to the tones in the pattern. Starting from a certain pitch, that is, from the tonic, the notes are arranged from low to high in pitch order. Such a series of sounds is called a scale. The scale from low to high is called rising, and from high to low is called falling.

The scales we are talking about today are mainly major scales (major) and minor scales (minor). A scale consisting of five tones.

It is mostly used in the mode of national music. Such as do, re, mi, sol, la, (do).

13: A mode of major mode. Seven-tone scale, the interval between two adjacent tones is divided into whole tone and semitone.

Its scales are all full tones except for the semitones between the third and fourth tones and between the seventh and eighth tones. The colors in major are clearer.

14: A mode of minor mode. Seven-tone scale has four forms: natural minor, harmony minor, melody minor and modern minor scale. The color of minor is generally darker than that of major, and it is often used to express sadness and melancholy.

Natural minor (minor scale) is a semitone between two or three tones and five or six tones. 15: The just-in method is different from the twelve-average method.

The relationship between each tone and the tonic in a scale is a pure interval. Because the semitones formed in this way can not be divided evenly and can not be transferred casually, they have been eliminated by history.

16: the first note in the key tone scale. One of the twelve temperaments.

Divide an octave into twelve semitones, the intervals of which are all equal. Piano, harp and other musical instruments are tuned according to this law.

17: semitone (whole tone) Divides an octave into twelve equal parts, each of which is semitone, and two semitones are equivalent to whole tone. A semitone is equivalent to two degrees, and a whole tone is equivalent to two degrees.

18: Consonants and dissonance can be divided into complete harmony intervals (pure 1, 4, 5, 8 degrees) and incomplete harmony intervals (large and small 3, 6 degrees) according to the degree of harmony. Other than that, there are dissonance intervals.

19: An interval refers to the distance between two sounds. The unit for calculating intervals is called "degree", and several syllables between two sounds are called degrees.

Homochromatic intervals can be divided into pure, large, small, increasing and decreasing because of the different number of semitones and whole tones. 20. Tweive-note system is one of the modernist composition techniques.

Founded by Austrian composer Schoenberg in 192 1 year. The composer abandoned the traditional mode, tonality and harmony system, randomly arranged the twelve tones in the chromatic scale into a one-year musical system, and then handled it by transposition and retrograde. Unless all the tones have appeared, none of them can be repeated.

2 1: The octave of pentatonic scale has five tones, which is called pentatonic scale. 22: A chromatic scale has seven tones in an octave, which is called a chromatic scale.

23. Strength refers to the intensity of sound when playing and singing music. Expressed by strong and weak symbols, such as F (strong), P (weak), (fading) and so on.

26. The sound with uncertain pitch used in music is called indefinite pitch. In fact, it is noise, which does not belong to the category of sports.

Modern composers often use it, such as sawing wood, folding paper, typing, sweeping the floor, knocking at the door, booing, whistling and so on. Asymmetric rhythm is also called "polyrhythm".

In the same phrase or bar, the rhythm of each voice is inconsistent; Or in the same bar, the duration of each beat is different. Broadly speaking, polyphonic music belongs to singular festivals.

2. Know little about music

I found it somewhere else for reference.

What is music? This is a matter of opinion, and there are many opinions. The author thinks that music is the art of sound, not the art of vision or other feelings.

The art of organizing music sounds according to certain rules (sometimes using noise appropriately) to make people feel wonderful when listening to music is called music. 2. What is noise? What is music? When vocal cords, strings, boards, motors and other objects vibrate, they will emit sound waves, which will spread to our ears through the air and make us hear the sound.

There are two kinds of sounds: noise and music: irregular vibration sounds, such as the sound of boards and motors, are called noise; The vibration is regular, such as the singing of human vocal cords and the piano sound made by strings. , which is the so-called music. The tones used in music are mainly musical sounds.

3. What is pitch? Music sounds high and low, which is called pitch. Pitch is determined by the vibration frequency of the pronunciation object. High frequency makes the sound high and low frequency makes the sound low.

For example, when a woman sings, the frequency of vocal cord vibration is high, while when a man sings, the frequency of vocal cord vibration is low, so the male voice is lower than the female voice. 4. What is the range of tones used in music? The range of tones used in music is about 97, ranging from the lowest pitch of 16 to the highest pitch of 4 186 per second.

The largest piano in modern times can play 88 of them, and it is the instrument with the largest range. Due to physical limitations, the music that people can sing is only a small part of the music range.

5. What is a phonetic name? What do you mean by roll call? Musical notes with different pitches are represented by C D E F G A G, and these seven Latin letters are the names of musical notes. They are generally sung in turn as DO RE MI FA SOL Ras, that is, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 in the notation, which is equivalent to the pronunciation of the Chinese character "Domilai Fa Suo Xi". DO、RE、MI .

It is the pronunciation of music when singing, so it is called roll call.

6. What is a sound train? How are syllables grouped? Arrange more than 90 different musical sounds mentioned above to form a sequence, which is called a musical sequence. There are only seven names, but the number of sounds in the series is far more than this. How to distinguish sounds with the same name but different pitches? The method is grouping.

People divide the sounds in a series into several groups. The sound group in the central position in the phonetic sequence (that is, the seven sounds starting from the central C in keyboard instruments such as piano and electronic organ) is called the minor group, and the sounds twice, twice and thrice higher than the minor group are called the minor group, minor group, minor group and minor group respectively.

Of course, there are also voices lower than the small group, which are divided into the following categories: two times lower than the small group, two times lower than the large group, three times lower than the large group and four times lower than the large group. In this way, the order of grouping from low to high in pinyin order is: big characters, two groups of big characters, one group of big characters, one group of small characters, one group of small characters, two groups of small characters, three groups of small characters and four groups of musical sounds. The musical term is called register.

The vocal range is probably: female voices range from F in small groups to A in small groups, and male voices range from F in large groups to A in small groups. So, how wide is your scope? Try it on the piano sometime.

This range is your range from the lowest pitch you can sing to the highest pitch. 7. Which sound is the standard sound? Internationally, it is stipulated that the A sound of small groups vibrates 440 times per second, which is the standard sound.

Because there is a certain quantitative relationship between the tones of a tone sequence, for example, a tone twice as high as a certain pitch (also called octave high) must have a frequency twice as high as a certain pitch, and a tone twice as low as it (also called octave low) must have a frequency twice as low as a certain tone, so the pitch of a standard tone is specified, which is equivalent to the pitch of other tones. With this standard, people have the basis of tuning when making musical instruments, playing music and singing.

8. What is the overall tone? What is semitone? Divide the distance of the group C D E F G A B into twelve equal parts, and each equal part is called a semitone. If the distance between two tones is two semitones, it is called a whole tone.

On keyboard instruments such as piano and electronic organ, C-D, D-E, F-G, G-A and A-B are separated by a black keys, and the distance between them is the whole sound; E-F, B-C, there is no black keys in the middle, and the distance is semitone. 9. What is natural sound? What do you mean by tone change? Generally speaking, when we sing, those sounds that are sung as 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 are called natural sounds; Tone sandhi is defined as adding # in the upper left corner (such as #4, # 1) or # b (such as b7 and b3).

# is called rising tone, which means that the sound is raised by one and a half tones on the original basis; B is called flat semitone, which means to lower the semitone on the original basis. What is scale? Centered on one of C, D, E, F, G, A and B, they are arranged from low to high (or from high to low). The order of this sound is called a scale because it goes up or down step by step like a ladder.

The following two sequences are scales, the former is a major scale and the latter is a natural minor scale: C D E F G A B C E F G A 1 1, what is notation? A piece of music generally contains elements such as height, length and dynamics. The method of recording these elements on paper with various marks and symbols is called notation.

No matter at home or abroad, many symbols have been used and are being used. Take China as an example, there are many kinds of notation at all times and in all countries.

It is said that as early as the Warring States period, Shi Juan, a musician in Wei Linggong, recorded music by notation. According to written records, Gongchi spectrum and subtraction spectrum appeared in Sui and Tang Dynasties, and folk character spectrum appeared in Song Dynasty.

After several changes, Miyachi notation is still used by folk artists. However, in modern times and modern times, notation and staff are widely used in China, especially notation is used by most people.

From a global perspective, the staff is the most widely used. 12, what is the notation? Notation is a notation for recording pitch with * * * numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, which is known to almost all people who have read books in China.

This notation was put forward by French monk Suetti in 1665. Later, Rousseau, a famous French philosopher and writer, improved it and actively promoted it.

This notation is almost never used in Europe because it is not convenient to record multi-voice and complex music.

3. Seek common sense about music

Fifty-two white keys on the piano reuse seven basic sounds, resulting in many homonyms in the series. In order to distinguish sounds with the same name but different pitches, we divide the series into many "groups".

The group in the middle of the phonetic sequence is called a small word group, and its tone marks are represented by lowercase letters and the number 1 on the upper right, such as c 1 d 1 e 1 and so on. Groups higher than the first group of small characters are named as: the second group of small characters, the third group of small characters, the fourth group of small characters and the fifth group of small characters.

The marks of the second group of small characters are represented by lowercase letters, and the number 2 is added to the upper right corner, such as c2 d2 e2. Other groups and so on.

Groups lower than small groups are named small groups, large groups, large groups and large groups. The mark of each sound in the group is expressed in lowercase letters, without numbers, such as cde.

Large groups are represented by capital letters without numbers, such as CDE. A group of large characters are marked with capital letters and the number 1 at the lower right, such as C 1D 1E 1 etc.

Two groups of Chinese characters are marked with capital letters and the number 2 at the lower right, such as A2B2. The c4 you asked is the sound of the fourth group C of the fine print (if expressed by notation, it is the three high-pitched points above 1 in C); And g2 is the sound of G in the second group of small words (if expressed by simple notation, it is 1 upper point in G key or 1 upper point in C key).

4. Basic knowledge of music

There is a lot of basic knowledge of music. What is noise to you? What is music? When vocal cords, strings, boards, motors and other objects vibrate, they will emit sound waves, which will spread to our ears through the air and make us hear the sound.

There are two kinds of sounds: noise and music: irregular vibration sounds, such as the sound of boards and motors, are called noise; The vibration is regular, such as the singing of human vocal cords and the piano sound made by strings. , which is the so-called music. The tones used in music are mainly musical sounds.

What is pitch? Music sounds high and low, which is called pitch. Pitch is determined by the vibration frequency of the pronunciation object. High frequency makes the sound high and low frequency makes the sound low.

For example, when a woman sings, the frequency of vocal cord vibration is high, while when a man sings, the frequency of vocal cord vibration is low, so the male voice is lower than the female voice. What is the musical range used in music? The range of tones used in music is about 97, ranging from the lowest pitch of 16 to the highest pitch of 4 186 per second.

The largest piano in modern times can play 88 of them, and it is the instrument with the largest range. Due to physical limitations, the music that people can sing is only a small part of the music range.

What is a phonetic name? What do you mean by roll call? Musical notes with different pitches are represented by C D E F G A G, and these seven Latin letters are the names of musical notes. They are generally sung in turn as DO RE MI FA SOL Ras, that is, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 in the notation, which is equivalent to the pronunciation of the Chinese character "Domilai Fa Suo Xi". DO, RE, mi ... is the pronunciation of music when singing, so it is called roll call.

What is a sound train? Arrange more than 90 different musical sounds mentioned above to form a sequence, which is called a musical sequence. How to group the sound series? There are only seven names, but the number of sounds in the series is far more than this. How to distinguish sounds with the same name but different pitches? The method is grouping.

People divide the sounds in a series into several groups. The sound group in the central position in the phonetic sequence (that is, the seven sounds starting from the central C in keyboard instruments such as piano and electronic organ) is called the minor group, and the sounds twice, twice and thrice higher than the minor group are called the minor group, minor group, minor group and minor group respectively.

Of course, there are also voices lower than the small group, which are divided into the following categories: two times lower than the small group, two times lower than the large group, three times lower than the large group and four times lower than the large group. In this way, the order of grouping from low to high in pinyin order is: big characters, two groups of big characters, one group of big characters, one group of small characters, one group of small characters, two groups of small characters, three groups of small characters and four groups of musical sounds. The musical term is called register.

The vocal range is probably: female voices range from F in small groups to A in small groups, and male voices range from F in large groups to A in small groups. So, how wide is your scope? Try it on the piano sometime.

This range is your range from the lowest pitch you can sing to the highest pitch. Which sound is the standard sound? Internationally, it is stipulated that the A sound of small groups vibrates 440 times per second, which is the standard sound.

Because there is a certain quantitative relationship between the tones of a tone sequence, for example, a tone twice as high as a certain pitch (also called octave high) must have a frequency twice as high as a certain pitch, and a tone twice as low as it (also called octave low) must have a frequency twice as low as a certain tone, so the pitch of a standard tone is specified, which is equivalent to the pitch of other tones. With this standard, people have the basis of tuning when making musical instruments, playing music and singing.

What is the whole tone? What is semitone? Divide the distance of the group C D E F G A B into twelve equal parts, and each equal part is called a semitone. If the distance between two tones is two semitones, it is called a whole tone.

On keyboard instruments such as piano and electronic organ, C-D, D-E, F-G, G-A and A-B are separated by a black keys, and the distance between them is the whole sound; E-F, B-C, there is no black keys in the middle, and the distance is semitone. What is natural sound? What do you mean by tone change? Generally speaking, when we sing, those sounds that are sung as 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 are called natural sounds; Tone sandhi is defined as adding # in the upper left corner (such as #4, # 1) or # b (such as b7 and b3).

# is called rising tone, which means that the sound is raised by one and a half tones on the original basis; B is called flat semitone, which means to lower the semitone on the original basis. What is scale? Centered on one of C, D, E, F, G, A and B, they are arranged from low to high (or from high to low). The order of this sound is called a scale because it goes up or down step by step like a ladder.

The following two sequences are scales, the former is a major scale and the latter is a natural minor scale: what is notation? A piece of music generally contains elements such as height, length and strength. The method of recording these elements on paper with various marks and symbols is called notation.

No matter at home or abroad, many symbols have been used and are being used. Take China as an example, there are many kinds of notation at all times and in all countries.

It is said that as early as the Warring States period, Shi Juan, a musician in Wei Linggong, recorded music by notation. According to written records, Gongchi spectrum and subtraction spectrum appeared in Sui and Tang Dynasties, and folk character spectrum appeared in Song Dynasty.

After several changes, Miyachi notation is still used by folk artists. However, in modern times and modern times, notation and staff are widely used in China, especially notation is used by most people.

From a global perspective, the staff is the most widely used. What is notation? Notation is a notation for recording pitch with * * * numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, which is known to almost all people who have read books in China.

This notation was put forward by French monk Suetti in 1665. Later, Rousseau, a famous French philosopher and writer, improved it and actively promoted it.

This notation is hardly popular in Europe because it is not convenient to record multi-voice and complex music. About 1882, Mei Sen, an American, introduced it to Japan while giving a lecture. It was used in Japanese schools in the19th century, but they stopped using it later.

In the late Qing Dynasty, notation was introduced to China by students studying in Japan. 1904, the book School Singing written by teacher Shen Xingong was published, which was all the rage for a while. Since then, notation has been popularized in China.

In our view, notation is used as.

5. What is the most basic knowledge of music?

China folk artists and flute players have left us rich and valuable playing experience on how to play the flute well.

For example, in "The Joy of Xiao" written by Mr. Fang during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, he said: "Xiao should be held at shoulder level, and its posture should not be underestimated. Breathe out the breath between your lips and teeth and practice hard work and self-improvement.

Refers to the point surface is about a millet, too low and too high are not clear. It is not difficult to flip the seven keys, just play the fingering skillfully.

The flower tongue blows a big taboo, and the flute membrane is suitable and beautiful. Look at the score before playing, and the ruler (score) is familiar and clear. Remember the syllable, the words fine and fine must be connected.

Delicate and vigorous, each has its own way, and nothing can be achieved without hard work. "This poem tells us that to play a flute well, we need to work hard on playing posture, breath control and fingering.

To play the flute well, you must closely cooperate with Qi (force), Finger (method) and Tongue (head), and all three are indispensable. (a) breath control flute pronunciation, sound level, strength, length, rigidity and softness are closely related to the "luck" when playing.

This kind of luck kung fu is called "Qigong", which means that if you want to play the flute well, you must work hard on "luck". In our daily life, we exhale and inhale for roughly the same time. When playing the flute, you need to take a deep breath, that is, use the diaphragm (located between the lungs and abdomen) to exert force, that is, chest-abdomen combined breathing.

It is best to use the method of combining nose and mouth when breathing. Give priority to with the mouth, that is, let go of the corners of the mouth and inhale slightly, so that inhalation is faster.

When exhaling, you should use the control ability of chest muscle, abdominal muscle and diaphragm to make the breath spit out evenly and rhythmically. Beginners should consciously pay attention to the breathing method from the beginning, and don't violate the movement law of normal breathing, otherwise it will affect the performance and be detrimental to their health.

It is not bad for a novice to spit 10- 15 seconds in one breath. Luck is very important to players.

It is the basis of beautifying timbre, controlling timbre strength and various emotional changes. In order to master the correct "luck" method, you can combine playing long notes and do the following two exercises: slow breathing and slow breathing-take a deep breath and play a long note.

When inhaling, it is required to inhale enough without making any noise, and when exhaling, it is required to be uniform and stable for a long time without effort. So don't finish breathing when you exhale (about one fifth is left, and the diaphragm of the lower abdomen is still under control).

That is, the second breath needs to be inhaled. Make sure that the movements of the chest and diaphragm abdomen are always consistent, otherwise the airflow entering the mouthpiece will not be smooth, and it is prone to air leakage, screaming and unpleasant timbre at the corners of the mouth.

How to play the flute well is very important to the player. It is the basis of beautifying timbre, controlling timbre strength and various emotional changes.

& gt& gt When breathing luck, we should pay attention to avoiding the mistakes such as shrugging, belly in and chest out, and also pay attention to the control of weak voice. Some mistakes about breathing luck should be avoided: ① Shrugging your shoulders.

When inhaling, lift your shoulders up, so your breathing is shallow and you can only inhale into your chest. Inhale like this and tighten your chest.

When playing, the lack of strong support of breath not only makes the tone tense, but also makes the long sound unsustainable. 2 abdomen.

When inhaling, the lower abdomen will be mistakenly forced to contract inward. In this way, the breath can only be sucked into the upper chest, causing the pectoral muscles to press the ribs tightly, making the breathing inelastic. 3 stand up.

When inhaling, the abdomen bulges out and the abdominal ribs are pulled down. Because the breath is inhaled too deeply, the muscles in the chest and abdomen are tense, which makes the breathing inelastic.

Therefore, to play the flute well, we must master the correct breathing method and luck. Weak tone control: In music, apart from the differences in pitch and length, there are also differences in pitch and strength, which plays a certain role in expressing the thoughts and feelings of music.

When playing the flute, the small hole between the upper and lower lips is called the "air door", and the breath from the "air door" is called the "breeze". The "throttle" can be large or small, and the "adjustment" can be slow or urgent.

The "throttle" is big, the "tune" is slow, and the pronunciation is low; The throttle is small. The "tune" is urgent and the pronunciation is high.

The gas squeezed out of the lungs is controlled by our mouths and lips, so that it can be used in a planned way without wasting gas. At this time, it is necessary to use the freedom of lips and cheeks when controlling the size of the throttle and the urgency of the tone. This freedom is the so-called "mouth force." The intensity of sound is related to the amount of air controlled by the transverse burping membrane and sent into the instrument through the "damper".

Generally speaking, the gas consumption of strong ammunition is greater than that of weak ammunition; When encountering signs of gradual increase, the gas consumption will change from small to large, and when encountering signs of gradual decrease, the gas consumption will change from large to small. With the strength of the voice, the "mouth power" should also be closely coordinated. If you don't use "mouth strength" when playing, it will not only make your pronunciation unclear, it will be laborious to play, and the sound will not last long, and it will easily cause dizziness if you play for too long.

Breathe fast and breathe slowly-this is the most commonly used breathing method when playing bamboo flute. The shorter the inhalation time, the better, because the time allowed for inhalation during music is very short.

Whether the fingering is correct and the fingers are flexible is the key to master the flute playing technology. The fingering techniques of the flute are quite rich, including monophonic, polyphonic, upper sliding, upper calendar, lower calendar, vibrato, playing and sending, etc. These are all related to mastering skilled finger skills.

The so-called "clever thinking", whether the hand shape is correct or not, and whether the fingers are flexible or not, are the keys to mastering the above skills. We must pay attention to the following points in training: 1. The middle part of the first section of the finger has the most meat, and the most elastic part is called "finger abdomen". We must get into the habit of pressing holes with this ideal part from the beginning.

When opening a hole, don't lift your fingers too high (about one finger thick). Otherwise, it will affect the playing speed when changing fingers.

2. How to make your fingers flexible? Fingers and wrists must be relaxed when playing. Hands are relaxed and slightly half-clenched (that is, fingers are slightly naturally bent), so that fingers are always in a state of natural relaxation.

When pressing points, you should also relax and be elastic, and don't be nervous or overexert, so as not to make your fingers stiff and inflexible. 3. Although the thumb and little finger of both hands do not press the hole, they must hold the flute body and cooperate actively.

Among the ten fingers, the ring finger has the worst flexibility and slow response, so it is necessary to strengthen exercise to relax its joints. Tongue training.