What are the styles of classical historical buildings in the West, besides Gothic?

In addition to the Gothic style, there are

Byzantine architecture

Byzantine architecture is characterized by four main aspects: the first aspect is the roof shape, the common use of the "vaulted roof". The second feature is the overall shape of the center is prominent. In general, Byzantine architecture, the center of the architectural composition, often very prominent, the volume of both high and large dome, often become the center of the composition of the whole building, around this centerpiece, often set up around some of the small parts of the coordination with it in an orderly manner. The third feature is that it created the dome supported on the independent square columns of the structural method and the corresponding centralized architectural form. Its typical practice is in the square plane of the four sides of the coupons, between the four coupons masonry diagonal diameter of the dome, as if a complete dome in the four sides of the coupons cut into its weight is borne entirely by the four coupons, so that the internal space has gained a great deal of freedom. The fourth feature is the use of color, pay attention to both change and unity, so that the building's internal space and external facade appears brilliant.

Baroque Architecture

Baroque architecture is an architectural and decorative style developed on the basis of Italian Renaissance architecture in the 17th to 18th centuries. Characterized by its free shape, the pursuit of dynamic, preferring rich decorations and carvings, strong colors, commonly used interspersed curved surfaces and oval space.

The original meaning of the word Baroque is strange and eccentric, and the classicists used it to refer to this architectural style, which was considered to be deviant. This style played an important role in opposing the rigidity of the classical form, the pursuit of free-spirited style and the expression of secular interest, etc., on the city square, garden art to literature and art departments have had an impact, once widely popular in Europe.

The Italian Renaissance late famous architect and architectural theorist Vignola designed the Jesuit Church in Rome is a masterpiece of the transition from Mannerism to Baroque style, some people call it the first Baroque building.

Ancient Roman:

Ancient Roman Architecture

Ancient Roman Architecture is an architectural style in which the ancient Romans followed the building techniques of the Etruscans on the Apennine Peninsula, inherited the achievements of ancient Greek architecture, and made extensive innovations in the form, technology and art of architecture. Ancient Roman architecture in the first to third century AD for the peak period, reaching the peak of the Western ancient architecture.

There are many types of ancient Roman buildings. There are the Roman Pantheon, Venus and the Roman Temple, as well as the Balbec Temple of the Sun and other religious buildings, but also palaces, theaters, gladiator arenas, baths, and plazas and basilicas (rectangular synagogues) and other public **** building. Residential buildings have an inner courtyard type residence, inner courtyard type and the combination of enclosing columns courtyard residence, there are four, five-story apartment type residence.

The form of secular architecture in ancient Rome was quite mature and well integrated with its function. For example, the Roman Empire throughout the large theater, the auditorium plane is semicircular, rising row by row, with a longitudinal aisle, supplemented by a horizontal aisle. The audience according to the ticket number from different entrances, stairs, to reach the seats in each section. The flow of people does not cross, gathering and dispersing convenient. The stage rises high, with a music pool in front and a dressing building behind it. The fa?ade of the dressing building is the background of the stage, and the two ends protrude forward to form the prototype of the stage entrance, which is already similar to the basic shape of modern large-scale performative buildings.

Romanesque architecture

Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of the 10th to 12th centuries in the Christian areas of Europe. Roman architecture originally meant for the Roman architectural style of architecture, also translated as Roman style architecture, Roman-style architecture, Roman-like architecture. Roman architectural style is mostly found in monasteries and churches.

Roman architecture inherited from the early Christian architecture, using some of the traditional practices of Roman architecture, such as semi-circular arches, cross arches, etc., and sometimes simplified classical columns and details of decoration. After a long period of evolution, gradually replaced the wooden roof of the early Christian churches with vaults, the Roman vaulting technology continues to test and develop, the use of handrails to balance the cross vertebrae force of the heavy vaults, and later gradually use the skeleton coupons instead of thick vaults. The plane is still the Latin cross. Out of the need to worship to the icons, relics, in the east end of a number of additional chapels, the plan form is becoming more complex.

The typical features of Roman architecture are: huge and thick walls, walls with a series of small coupons, door Zeu hole with concentric multi-layer small round coupons to reduce the sense of heaviness. One or two bell towers on the west side, and sometimes there are bell towers on the intersection of the Latin cross and the transepts. The center hall has a rhythmic alternating arrangement of large and small columns. The windows are narrow, creating a dark and mysterious atmosphere in the larger interior space. Plain narthex and ornate altar contrast, narthex and side corridors larger spatial changes break the sense of balance of classical architecture.