Areas include

Territory includes territory, territorial sea and airspace.

I. Territory

Territory refers to the land and its subsoil under the jurisdiction of national sovereignty. The territory is not flat, but a three-dimensional space, up to the sky and down to the ground. Territory is one of the basic elements of the national constitution and a geographical space for exercising national sovereignty.

China's territory includes Chinese mainland and its coastal islands, Taiwan Province Island, Hainan Island, Diaoyu Island, chiwei yu and its affiliated islands, dongsha islands, Xisha Islands, zhongsha islands and Nansha Islands.

Second, the territorial sea.

The territorial sea refers to all waters and subsoil under the jurisdiction of national sovereignty and is an important part of national territory. The territorial sea includes the internal water. Internal water refers to the waters within the national territory and the waters on the land side of the territorial sea baseline, including rivers and their estuaries, lakes, ports, harbors and inland seas.

Third, airspace.

The airspace refers to China's territory and territorial waters, and is an integral part of China's territory. The total land area is about 9.6 million square kilometers, and the total sea area is about 4.73 million square kilometers. The length of China's land border is about 22,000 kilometers, and the length of the mainland coastline is about1.8000 kilometers.

Region type:

I. Group types

Group type means that the territory of a country has a relatively regular polygon or nearly circular shape. The advantage of such areas is that there will be no particularly remote areas, which is conducive to balanced regional development. The disadvantage is that such countries are often small in size, lacking in strategic depth and easy to lack natural resources. Typical countries with group territory include Poland, France, Macedonia, Cambodia and Uruguay.

Second, long and narrow type

Narrow territory means that the territory presents a long and narrow geometric shape, in which the long side is more than twice the length of the wide side. This kind of territory is generally formed in conformity with the terrain, so its terrain can be regarded as a strategic advantage. Typical long and narrow countries include Malawi, Panama, Tunisia, Togo, Benin and Chile.

Third, derivative types.

The derivative region consists of a core part and an extended derivative part. Generally speaking, countries with derivative territories have relatively large peninsulas or some narrow isthmus. Typical territorial countries include Thailand, Afghanistan, Namibia and India.