Bai ethnic customs

What are the customs of Bai nationality?

First, clothing.

Early clothes for men and women were made of cotton. Older men often wear double-breasted jackets, big-breasted dresses and big pants. Wearing a small hat with melon skin. Wear embroidered shoes with round mouth, tiger head, sea or lotus leaf. Young men often wear blue and white double-breasted clothes, black jackets with silver buttons, black and blue trousers, melon hats or Baotou felt hats. Fasten your belt. Those who wear cloth shoes or embroidery on their feet are called bottom leather. By the early years of the Republic of China, young women had changed into clothes, wearing all kinds of big sister skirts and red, purple and black robes, embroidered with all kinds of flower patterns and used all kinds of wide and narrow lace. The silver piece is fixed on the sleeve skirt. Pants come in black, blue and water red. Middle-aged and elderly women also have lace pants. Girls wear black and blue cloth or embroidered waist. Wear embroidered shoes made of all kinds of cloth. I like wearing silver, jade earrings and wicker earrings. Bracelets have sliding labels, twisted wires, flat silver, jade bracelets and more gold and silver rings.

Married women tie their hair in a bun, and there are red rope, silver hairpin and jade hairpin on the bun, and some of them are put in the net pocket. There is also a black cloth strip 4 inches wide and 1 inch long around the bun and the top. After more than 50 years old, the pattern of clothes gradually decreases, and more people wear short and wide clothes with large rows of buttons and big cuffs and knees. The coat is covered with a full-rolled black jacket, with a black and blue waist, ordinary pants and boat-shaped shoes with nose tips. Earrings and bracelets are only worn on holidays and as guests.

Second, marriage.

1, matchmaking: after the man's parents found out about the girl, they entrusted the media to propose marriage to the woman's family. After the woman's parents agree, they will inform the man of the girl's birthday, and the man will ask someone to "match the eight characters". If the marriage is combined, it means that the marriage is settled.

2. Engagement: After marriage, the man chooses auspicious day to "drink some wine", and the date is mostly on the second and sixteenth day of the first month.

3. Marriage: The date is mostly in December or February, and it is divided into three days: lottery (killing pigs), formal marriage (being a guest) and returning to the door (thanking money).

4, wedding: commonly known as begging for a wife. In the past, I used to ride a horse or sit in a sedan chair and play suona to meet my relatives.

5, recognize relatives: go back to the door to recognize relatives on the third day, which is the first day after marriage.

Third, happy events.

1, full moon wine: This is a treat for the first-born baby after marriage. At that time, aunts, aunts and nuns of both men and women will each send 20 eggs, brown sugar 1 kg, rice 1 l, and cloth 3 feet. Congratulations to this man.

2. Good news: This is the third day after a woman gives birth. The husband should bring a bottle of wine to give good news to his parents-in-law.

3, wearing a hundred locks: children over one year old, to the main temple shrine. Parents who are married and have many children are invited to wear long live locks for their children, wishing them healthy growth and prosperous career.

4. Building a new house: foundation selection and foundation excavation must be decided by the local branch. On this day, wooden beams will be called great success and new couplets will be posted. Friends and relatives will give gifts and set off firecrackers to congratulate, and the host will kill pigs to sacrifice to the land god, ancestors and Lu Ban for a day.

5, birthday: the old man lived to 60, and invited people to celebrate their birthdays.

Children often kill a chicken and put some cakes on their annual birthday.

Fourth, festival activities.

1, Spring Festival: From the 30th day of the twelfth lunar month to the 6th day of the first lunar month, it is a traditional festival of Bai people, commonly known as Chinese New Year.

2. Next year: Lantern Festival.

3. During Tomb-Sweeping Day and winter solstice, you should go to Fenshan to worship your ancestors.

4, Duanyang Festival: adults and children should wear five-color lines and drink calamus realgar wine to eliminate difficulties.

5. Torch Festival: On the evening of June 25th of the lunar calendar, chickens are killed to worship ancestors. After dinner, when it gets dark, light a handle, cut off the five-color thread worn by the whole family during the Dragon Boat Festival and put it in a torch to burn.

6. Mid-Autumn Festival: Also called "July 30th", it is the "ancestor worship festival" of the Bai people.

7. Mid-Autumn Festival: Also called "Reunion Festival".

Verb (abbreviation of verb) taboo

1, Deadlines: Avoid visiting on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day, and avoid blowing fire. Women should avoid washing clothes and combing their hair. Build a house for a happy event, and avoid parents' years, months and days. Don't pay a lot of money to worship Buddha at funeral. On the day of beginning of autumn, don't do farm work, use knives, saws, axes, sickles and hoes.

2, avoid people: die outside, do not carry into the village into the home, can only be buried outside the village. Don't go into the ancestral grave if you die abnormally. Within a week after the "An Cai Gate", no outsiders are allowed to enter. Women less than one month old are forbidden to enter his house. The dutiful son can't go into other people's homes until the old man is buried.

3, taboo: women avoid crying barefoot with long hair and go to other people's homes. Don't cry in other people's homes. Don't step on the threshold when you leave home. Livestock are not allowed to enter other people's homes.

4, no food: the pheasant killed on New Year's Eve, outsiders can't eat.

Intransitive verb funeral

1, put a coffin to wake: in the late old age, funerals are usually happy events. Choose a good day, chant Buddhist scripture, and after relatives and friends come for a drink offering, you can go out for burial. Children should stay awake day and night while parking at home. During the crossing, there should be wine and meat, and friends and relatives should be invited for dinner.

2......& gt& gt

What are the customs of Bai nationality? Bai people's living customs

First, clothing.

Early clothes for men and women were made of cotton. Older men often wear double-breasted jackets, big-breasted dresses and big pants. Wearing a small hat with melon skin. Wear cloth round tiger head shoes or lotus leaf embroidered shoes. Young men often wear blue and white double-breasted clothes, black jackets with silver buttons, black and blue trousers, melon hats or Baotou felt hats. Fasten your belt. Those who wear cloth shoes or embroidery on their feet are called bottom leather. By the early years of the Republic of China, young women had changed into clothes, wearing all kinds of big sister skirts and red, purple and black robes, embroidered with all kinds of flower patterns and used all kinds of wide and narrow lace. The silver piece is fixed on the sleeve skirt. Pants come in black, blue and water red. Middle-aged and elderly women also have lace pants. Girls wear black and blue cloth or embroidered waist. Wear embroidered shoes made of all kinds of cloth. I like wearing silver, jade earrings and wicker earrings. Bracelets have sliding labels, twisted wires, flat silver, jade bracelets and more gold and silver rings.

Married women tie their hair in a bun, and there are red rope, silver hairpin and jade hairpin on the bun, and some of them are put in the net pocket. There is also a black cloth strip 4 inches wide and 1 inch long around the bun and the top. After more than 50 years old, the pattern of clothes gradually decreases, and more people wear short and wide clothes with large rows of buttons and big cuffs and knees. The coat is covered with a full-rolled black jacket, with a black and blue waist, ordinary pants and boat-shaped shoes with nose tips. Earrings and bracelets are only worn on holidays and as guests.

Second, marriage.

1, matchmaking: after the man's parents found out about the girl, they entrusted the media to propose marriage to the woman's family. After the woman's parents agree, they will inform the man of the girl's birthday, and the man will ask someone to "match the eight characters". If the marriage is combined, it means that the marriage is settled.

2. Engagement: After marriage, the man chooses auspicious day to "drink some wine", and the date is mostly on the second and sixteenth day of the first month.

3. Marriage: The date is mostly in December or February, and it is divided into three days: lottery (killing pigs), formal marriage (being a guest) and returning to the door (thanking money).

4, wedding: commonly known as begging for a wife. In the past, I used to ride a horse or sit in a sedan chair and play suona to meet my relatives.

5, recognize relatives: go back to the door to recognize relatives on the third day, which is the first day after marriage.

Third, happy events.

1, full moon wine: This is a treat for the first-born baby after marriage. At that time, aunts, aunts and nuns of both men and women will each send 20 eggs, brown sugar 1 kg, rice 1 l, and cloth 3 feet. Congratulations to this man.

2. Good news: This is the third day after a woman gives birth. The husband should bring a bottle of wine to give good news to his parents-in-law.

3, wearing a hundred locks: children over one year old, to the main temple shrine. Parents who are married and have many children are invited to wear long live locks for their children, wishing them healthy growth and prosperous career.

4. Building a new house: foundation selection and foundation excavation must be decided by the local branch. On this day, wooden beams will be called great success and new couplets will be posted. Friends and relatives will give gifts and set off firecrackers to congratulate, and the host will kill pigs to sacrifice to the land god, ancestors and Lu Ban for a day.

5, birthday: the old man lived to 60, and invited people to celebrate their birthdays.

Children often kill a chicken and put some cakes on their annual birthday.

Fourth, festival activities.

1, Spring Festival: From the 30th day of the twelfth lunar month to the 6th day of the first lunar month, it is a traditional festival of Bai people, commonly known as Chinese New Year.

2. Next year: Lantern Festival.

3. During Tomb-Sweeping Day and winter solstice, you should go to Fenshan to worship your ancestors.

4, Duanyang Festival: adults and children should wear five-color lines and drink calamus realgar wine to eliminate difficulties.

5. Torch Festival: On the evening of June 25th of the lunar calendar, chickens are killed to worship ancestors. After dinner, when it gets dark, light a handle, cut off the five-color thread worn by the whole family during the Dragon Boat Festival and put it in a torch to burn.

6. Mid-Autumn Festival: Also called "July 30th", it is the "ancestor worship festival" of the Bai people.

7. Mid-Autumn Festival: Also called "Reunion Festival".

Verb (abbreviation of verb) taboo

1, Deadlines: Avoid visiting on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day, and avoid blowing fire. Women should avoid washing clothes and combing their hair. Build a house for a happy event, and avoid parents' years, months and days. Don't pay a lot of money to worship Buddha at funeral. On the day of beginning of autumn, don't do farm work, use knives, saws, axes, sickles and hoes.

2, avoid people: die outside, do not carry into the village into the home, can only be buried outside the village. Don't go into the ancestral grave if you die abnormally. Within a week after the "An Cai Gate", no outsiders are allowed to enter. Women less than one month old are forbidden to enter his house. The dutiful son can't go into other people's homes until the old man is buried.

3, taboo: women avoid crying barefoot with long hair and go to other people's homes. Don't cry in other people's homes. Don't step on the threshold when you leave home. Livestock are not allowed to enter other people's homes.

4, no food: the pheasant killed on New Year's Eve, outsiders can't eat.

Intransitive verb funeral

1, put a coffin to wake: in the late old age, funerals are usually happy events. Choose a good day, chant Buddhist scripture, and after relatives and friends come for a drink offering, you can go out for burial. Children should stay awake day and night while parking at home. During the crossing, there should be wine and meat, and friends and relatives should be invited for dinner.

2......& gt& gt

Bai Customs and Traditional Festivals

Torch grab

March Street, also known as Guanyin City, is a grand festival and ceremony for the Bai people. The lunar calendar is held from March 15th to 20th at the foot of Diancang Mountain in western Dali. At first, it was full of religious activities, and later it gradually turned into a grand material exchange meeting.

Torch Festival is held in Baitun Village on June 25th of the China lunar calendar.

Around the three spirits, in late April of the lunar calendar, three or four days.

Shi Baoshan Song Festival, held in Shi Baoshan Shizhong Temple for three days at the end of July of the lunar calendar;

Jianchuanluo club

This main part

Butterfly club

Torch Festival

Zibihu Gehui

Hai Xi hai ge hui

The Chicken Festival is held at Jizu Mountain in Binchuan from the first day to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.

On the eighth day of the eighth lunar month, a sea fight will be held in Caitun, Dali;

On the fifth day of the first lunar month, Pueraria will be held in Santasi, Dali.

Housing form

In the housing form of Bai people, the dam area is mostly "three long houses", with huts with kitchens, barns and yards, or tile houses with "one front and two ears", "three sides and one wall" and "four entrances and five patios", with bedrooms, kitchens and barns separated. Most of the mountainous areas are straw houses, "flash houses", bamboo baskets or "wooden cribs" with stables upstairs and downstairs, and cooking and sleeping places are often connected.

marriage customs

In Baijia, the son separated from his parents after marriage. Bai people share the same surname and do not marry.

Young men and women of Bai nationality are relatively free in love activities. They usually use labor, fairs, festivals and temple fairs to fall in love, test each other through folk songs, express their feelings and find their own Mr Right.

White wedding

When a young Bai man woos a girl, the girl will give Baba to the man if she agrees. At the wedding, the bride will humiliate the room and make fish soup; On the first Mid-Autumn Festival after marriage, the bride will make a big cake to show off her cooking skills. During the wedding, tea is served first, and then four or four seats are set (that is, four dishes, four plates, four pots and four bowls). The way to treat guests for nothing, whether at ordinary times or on holidays, is to give Shen Feng tea first, and pour it three times in a row, which is the so-called three teas. Can't pour tea for guests. There is a folk saying that "wine is full of respect, tea is full of deceit."

Backmarriage is a popular marriage custom in the Bai area of Eryuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. At every intersection, fork in the road or crowded place, the guests who accompany him will stop and code the dowry into two piles, so that the groom can wrap the "8" around the dowry with the bride on his back.

White wedding

Bai nationality is monogamous, and the wedding is grand and warm. According to the traditional custom, on the wedding day, the groom and the boys must get married on a big horse. After the bride marries back, she should pay New Year greetings to the elders at home, and then invite them to dinner. The bride and groom will accompany the guests for dinner. At this time, guests can ask questions to the newlyweds or let them perform programs. The wedding was shrouded in cheers and laughter. The most distinctive thing is to light Chili powder at the wedding. Many people sneeze and cough in laughter, which is very lively.

There are three forms of Bai marriage: one is to marry the daughter to the man's house, accounting for the majority; The second is to invite the uncle to come to the door. This situation is mainly because the woman's parents have no sons, and even if they do, they are stupid and sick, so they invited the uncle to come to the door. The uncle who comes to the door must change the woman's surname and then be renamed by the woman's elders; The third is the form of returning to the door, that is, seven days after marriage, the wife takes her husband with curtains and bedding and goes back to the woman's house to live. Because the woman's family has brothers, but they are too young and their parents are old, they have to "roll up the accounts" to support the elderly and take care of their siblings. After the younger brother grew up and got married, the man took his wife back to his home. These three forms of marriage have a long history and are still in use today. But no matter what kind of marriage, the date and process of marriage are basically the same. It's just that a woman marries a man, not a man marries a woman, and the roles of the two sides are reversed. When a son gets married, he will usually separate from his parents and form a small family. Parents choose who to live with, and most choose to live with their youngest son. Therefore, monogamous family is a common form of family organization for Bai people.

According to the custom of Bai nationality, if her husband dies, the wife can observe the festival for life or remarry, but she must not take her ex-husband's property with her when remarried. In some areas, there is also the custom of changing rooms. After the death of my brother, my sister-in-law can marry my brother and be called my uncle's sister-in-law, but this phenomenon is rare.

Daily etiquette

Bai people's hospitality, courtesy before guests is the etiquette of Bai people. The guests came home and entertained each other with wine and tea. The famous "three teas" are the hospitality of the Bai people. Bai people generally only pour half a cup of tea, but they need a full cup of wine. They think that wine is full of respect and tea is full of deception. When you are warmly received by the Bai people, you should say "thank you" to show your gratitude and gratitude.

Dear Chang >>

What are the holiday customs of Bai people?

Bai people mainly live in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, and others are distributed in various parts of Yunnan Province, Bijie Prefecture of Guizhou Province, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province and Sangzhi County of Hunan Province.

Language and writing:

Bai people use Bai language, which belongs to Yi branch of Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. There are three dialects: southern, central and northern. Most Bai people use their own language and are familiar with Chinese.

National art:

Bai nationality has a long cultural tradition. Many beautiful legends and stories have been handed down to this day, such as Genesis, Burning Song Ming Pagoda and Wang Fuyun, and many of them have been put on the stage of drama.

Religious belief:

National worship is equivalent to the master of village gods and believes in Buddhism.

National festivals:

Bai people have many traditional festivals. March Street, with a history of thousands of years, is the biggest festival of Bai people every year, and now it is named March Street National Festival. There are also "Torch Festival" (also known as Chinese Valentine's Day) and other national festivals.

Every holiday, in addition to the necessary holiday food, there are also sacrificial activities such as worshipping Buddha, offering sacrifices to heaven and ancestor worship. This festival is the biggest. Starting from the twelfth lunar month, every household should buy new year's goods, such as killing pigs, grinding bean curd, bait pieces and glutinous rice flour. On New Year's Eve, every host should bring food, tea and wine, and use trays to worship along the eight roads of heaven and earth, gates, wells, kitchen gods and ancestral tablets. Then the whole family has a reunion dinner. Grand reunion dinner, a big copper hot pot is placed in the center of the dining table, and pig's head meat must be served, surrounded by eight bowls of profound Japanese cuisine.

Sacrifice:

Mid-Autumn Festival and worship to heaven are special festivals, especially the Mid-Autumn Festival in July of the lunar calendar every year, which is a festival to worship ancestors and the dead. If it is a new funeral home, it will be even more grand. At that time, eight bowls of delicious dishes should be prepared, including thousands of pieces of meat, ribs, crispy meat, stuffed eggplant, lily, morel and stuffed fish. Every dish is not only exquisite in materials but also exquisite in workmanship. In case of immediate family members or in-laws, a banquet called "three drops of water" will be made before the funeral to express condolences. The so-called "three drops of water" banquet refers to fruits, sacrificial ceremonies (similar to dishes made by phoenix fish and lions) and eight bowls.

Food customs:

Bai people are usually used to not having three meals. In busy farming season or holiday, add more breakfast and noon. Bai people in Pingba area mainly eat rice and wheat. Bai people in mountainous areas mainly eat corn, potatoes and buckwheat. Steamed food is the main staple food, and dry rice is often eaten. When we go out on business, we will bring a box lunch and have a cold meal on the spot.

Drinking tea is another hobby of Bai people. Bai people pay great attention to drinking tea twice every morning and noon. Morning tea is called "morning tea" or "hangover tea". Bake it as soon as you get up, and adults drink it. There is "rest tea" or "thirst-quenching tea" in afternoon tea, and rice flowers are put in it like a milk fan, including children.

Most Bai people like drinking, and brewing is the main sideline of Bai families. Because of the different raw materials and methods used, there are many kinds of home-brewed wines. When making wine, more than 40 kinds of medicinal materials are often used to make koji and make various kinds of liquor, among which kiln wine and dry wine are traditional wines. There is also a glutinous rice liqueur, which is specially brewed for women and pregnant women. It is said that it has nourishing and prolactin effects.

Marriage customs:

When a young Bai man woos a girl, the girl will give Baba to the man if she agrees. At the wedding, the bride will go to the kitchen to make "fish soup"; On the first Mid-Autumn Festival after marriage, the bride will make a big cake to show off her cooking skills. During the wedding, tea is served first, and then four or four seats are set (that is, four dishes, four plates, four pots and four bowls).

Backmarriage is a popular marriage custom in the Bai area of Eryuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. At every intersection, fork in the road or crowded place, the guests who accompany him will stop and code the dowry into two piles, so that the groom can wrap the "8" around the dowry with the bride on his back.

Etiquette:

Receive guests warmly, whether they know each other or not. All guests will be regarded as "three teas". Three teas are the most exquisite tea ceremony of Bai people, that is, tea is poured in three times: the first time is pure baked tea, the second time is adding walnut slices, milk fans and brown sugar, and the third time is adding honey and a little pepper. So it has the characteristics of bitter taste, sweet taste and endless aftertaste. When eating, the older guests sit at the top, and the younger ones sit on both sides or at the bottom in turn. They should always add rice and soup to the elders and guests and wait enthusiastically. ...& gt& gt

What are the customs of Bai nationality? 30 points Bai people's customs and habits

Bai nationality is a minority with a long history and culture in the southwest frontier of China. Mainly distributed in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, Lijiang, Bijiang, Baoshan, Nanhua, Yuanjiang, Kunming, Anning and other places, as well as Bijie in Guizhou, Liangshan in Sichuan and Sangzhi County in Hunan. According to the statistics of the fifth national census in 2000, the population of Bai nationality is 1858063. Use white language, belonging to Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman language family. Most residents speak their own language, and Chinese is widely used. In the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, "Wen" was used, that is, the so-called "Chinese characters were read for nothing". Bai people use Chinese characters to write, but they have their own language and rich literature and art. Good at managing agriculture and salt azaleas. Three teas are a traditional way for Bai people in Yunnan to drink tea when entertaining VIPs.

Bai nationality is an ancient nationality, which is related to the ancient Qiang nationality. It was distributed in Erhai Lake as early as 1 century (Han Dynasty). In the 2nd century AD, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up a county here. In the 3rd-4th century, due to the war, many Han people took refuge in the white area, and some of them merged with it. In 7 15, a large number of people of all ethnic groups who moved from eastern Yunnan to Erhai area merged with the Bai people. /kloc-Around the 0/4th century, many Han people stationed in the army lived here, and later they merged with the local Bai people. Later, some Yi and Achang ethnic groups were also integrated into the Bai ethnic group. Especially in Dali period, the Bai people formed an ancient nation with the same language and culture, similar economic level and relatively fixed residence. After the Tang dynasty, Dali surrendered to the central government, and was more influenced by the Han people in the mainland in culture and economy, and agriculture, handicrafts and commerce were further developed. By the Yuan Dynasty, it was already a very prosperous city. Dali has beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. In this beautiful and rich land, the hardworking and brave Bai people are famous for their long history and developed culture. The rich and colorful customs have attracted many tourists. Dali Bai nationality has a long history and developed culture. 1253, the Yuan Dynasty established a province in Yunnan and set up Dali Road and Heqing Road in Dali area. In the Ming Dynasty, it was changed to Dali House and Heqing House, and the policy of changing soil into water was implemented. The Qing dynasty continued to follow the policies of the Ming dynasty, but appointed some local officials and chiefs in remote mountainous areas.

In ancient Bai people, there was a combination of music and dance. Genesis, a long poem circulated among the people, tells the story of Pangu's creation and traces the equal life of the Bai people in primitive society without class oppression and exploitation. It is "the world is peaceful", "regardless of the rich and the poor" and "the people value fat". Poems such as On the Road, Peony in Daci Temple and Cave of Heaven by Yang Qikun, a Bai poet in Nanzhao, are called "master" masterpieces and included in the whole Tang poetry. Literary works such as Wang Fuyun, Snake Bone Pagoda, Killing State Officials and Hooking the Moon Head praised the heroes of the ancient Bai people in class struggle and production struggle. Nanzhao's famous lion dance was introduced to the Central Plains in the Tang Dynasty, and Nanzhao's sacred music was listed as one of the 14 pieces of music in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Diao is a widely circulated metrical poem "3715" (the first three sentences and seven words, the last five words). In the middle of15th century, some scholars used this folk song form to write famous poems, such as "Ci Ji Hua Shan Bei" written by Yang Nai. "Blowing and blowing" in white drama is a comprehensive art developed on the basis of the early "Big Ben".

Important festival

There are many Bai festivals, except Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Duanyang Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, just like Han festivals. There are also some festivals with strong national characteristics, such as Three Ghosts Festival, Chicken Feet Song Festival, March Street, Yutan Festival, Transplanting Festival, Torch Festival and Shi Baoshan Song Festival, among which Shi Baoshan Song Festival is the most interesting.

(1) Shi Baoshan Song Club

On the third day of the seventh lunar month every year, tens of thousands of She people in Jianchuan and its surrounding counties such as Yunlong, Eryuan, Lanping, Heqing and Lijiang gather in the mountains and plains such as Shizhong Temple, Baoxiang Temple, Haiyuju Temple and Jinding Temple in Jianchuan, and even play duet with Bai love songs in front of solemn temple statues. Sometimes when a song meets an opponent, it often duets for days and nights, inseparable. Songs will make unmarried young men and women who didn't know each other become lifelong partners. Occasionally you can see the custom of "sexual intercourse" between young men and women left over from ancient times.

(2) Bai Torch Festival

Every year, the 25th day of the sixth lunar month is a grand festival for the Bai people-Torch Festival.

On this day, besides dragon boat racing and horse racing, the most distinctive activity is playing with fire. Torches are made of dried branches or chopped branches; Every Bai village in Erhai Lake has a big fire handle, and the firewood and work of the fire handle were organized by some jubilant families that year. A few days before the Torch Festival, several families got together ... >>

I think the living customs of the Bai people are very interesting. I don't know much about them. I can say as much as I want. There seems to be three teas when drinking tea, and there seems to be one who doesn't know sweet tea and bitter tea. Then get married and hold a banquet. The groom walks all the way with the bride on his back at the wedding scene, so that the guests who come to the wedding can pinch the bride. . . . . That's all I know. Thousands of books is not as good as Wan Li Road. If you want to know more, you can go to Li Chu for a few days. . . .

Taboo customs of Bai people If a guest comes to visit at home, the host should listen attentively to the guest and can't rush in and ask questions. Men are at home, and women can't take the initiative to smoke, make tea and talk to guests. At dinner, please invite eight guests. The host should not talk loudly on the railing of the dining table, which is a sign of respect for the guests. When eating, it is forbidden to dig a big hole in Zhenzi with a spoon, which means not to quarrel with food and treat people equally. Father, brother and younger brother can't eat on the same bench with daughter-in-law, sister-in-law and brother-in-law. Don't drop rice when eating, otherwise the old man will say, otherwise the old man will say that he will be struck by lightning, which means cherishing food. When visiting, father and son can't sit at the same table, and men and women can't sit at the same table, which means men and women should be different. After eating, you should put chopsticks on the edge of your finished food and don't throw them around, which means thanking your host for his hospitality. This kind of hospitality taboo regulates people's behavior in detail, and makes people develop good moral qualities of respecting the old and caring for the young, being kind to their neighbors, being humble and courteous, and loving talents and things from an early age.

Funeral Custom of Bai Nationality During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the forms of "Dian" tombs of Bai ancestors were vertical hole earthen pit tombs, urn coffin tombs and round pit tombs. Xiangyun * * * existing "Gan Lan" heavy copper coffin; There are many stone tombs in Patel, Midu.

Bai people living in Bijiang don't need coffins after they die. They put the dead on the board, covered the house with thatch, covered the earth and built the grave. Two or three feet away from the head of the deceased, a double-knife chestnut workshop with a height of eight or nine feet was erected. In addition to hanging clay pots and two sacks full of sacrifices, there are also objects used by the deceased before his death, such as crossbows for men and cloth racks for women, to show their condolences. In the following year, the tomb was built with stone chips and stones. Leave a hole at the head of the tomb to let the souls of the dead in and out. About before the Ming Dynasty, the Nama Bai people were cremated, burned with fire, canned their bones and buried in the family cemetery. After the Ming Dynasty, influenced by the Han Dynasty, burial was gradually changed to coffin burial.

The funerals of Dali and Jianchuan have also changed. Before the Ming Dynasty, cremation was very popular because of the influence of Buddhism, and later it was changed to coffin burial. Men usually wear clothes when they die, and women must wait for their families to come in person when they die. Stop in the hall for about three days and then choose a place to bury; During the suspension of classes, Taoist priests are generally invited to chant Buddhist scriptures to "cross over" the deceased.

In Haidong area of Dali, the patriarch is in charge of the funeral after death, and the patriarch decides the scale of the funeral according to the social status and economic situation of the deceased family. Before the funeral, there are usually rituals with strict rhythm, such as laying silks, reading poems of vernacular languages, and some even have to "sacrifice the direction" to clear the way for the dead.

There are many kinds of tombs, generally called "one-story sedan chair" or "two-flower gate", and the poor only pile soil for graves; The rich set up tombs with "three monuments and four pillars" and "Chengmen Cave", including stone men, stone horses and stone lions.