An ancient furniture shaped like the upper part of the backrest chair is the part of the backrest sitting on the ground when leaning on what is it?

Ming and qing dynasties of chairs and stools form a lot, name is also a lot of chairs, chairs, chair, chair, chair, chair, chair, back chair, rose chair, etc.; stools have a large square stool, small square stools, bench, rectangular stools, round stools, and five-square, six-square, plum blossom, begonia and other styles of stools, and a variety of forms of embroidered piers.

The treasure chair

The treasure chair is a larger chair. Palace called "throne". More than in the palace of the main hall of the bright room, for the emperor and consort dedicated. Sometimes also placed in the hall or living room furnishings, generally still placed in the center of the room or a prominent position. These chairs are rarely in pairs, are individually displayed. Treasure chair modeling, structure and Luohan bed compared to, and there is no difference, just the shape of the Luohan bed smaller. Some people say it is evolved from the bed, also does have some truth. Most of the throne made of rosewood, heavy material, solemn shape, exquisite carving, adding a sense of majesty for the user. Qing-style throne is characterized by large size, complex structure, standardized materials, fine workmanship, decorative magnificence. Throne up and down inside and outside, or relief, or through the carving of a variety of auspicious motifs, showing the royal dignity and luxury.

Republic of China

Republic of China

Height 110 cm

Estimate: RMB 30,000

This throne body lines are smooth, the back plate and armrests using the screen type, the middle made of rounded, inlaid with gall heart, below the waist below the center of the flower plate concave, carved in relief kui dragons, the bottom door post on all four sides of the flush, the four feet turned kui dragons hoofs, two section of the leg approach appears more subdued, the two section of the leg approach appears more subdued. The practice of the two section of the leg appears more solid and stable. The use of the surface of the mat is to add a few minutes of leisure and elegance.

Rose Chair

Rose Chair in the Song Dynasty paintings have seen, more common in the Ming Dynasty, is a chic chair. Its back is usually lower than other chairs, and the height of the armrests are similar. Back against the windowsill flat set a number of chairs, not higher than the windowsill; with the table display, not higher than the edge of the table, it is because of this distinctive features, so that is not very practical rose chair is quite popular. Rose chair with rosewood or chicken fin wood production, generally do not use rosewood. The use of rosewood unique color, texture and chair itself chic shape clever combination, more pleasing to the eye. "Rose" two words, generally refers to the very beautiful jade. Simply on the "magnificent" word, one said "beautiful stone", the other said "Qiwei", that is, the meaning of precious, "after the Han Book - Ban Gu biography - Xidu Fu":" Because of the magnificent material and study the strange, against the rainbow beam of the dragon", to "magnificent" means strange things. From the style, features and molding, rose chair is indeed unique. This chair's four legs and backrest armrests all use round straight material, indeed more novel than other chairs, chic, to achieve the effect of rare and beautiful. With "rose" two words to call the chair, when this furniture is highly praised.

Huanghuali translucent carving backrest rose chair

Qing

100.7×60.3×45.9 cm

Estimate: RMB 248100~413500

Sold: RMB 296480

This rose chair is unique in shape, novel and chic in style, and the carving is exquisite.

Cross Chairs and Circle Chairs

Cross chairs, also known as Hu beds, were originally used by the ancient Chinese horse people, and are usually regarded as a change from sitting on the ground to sitting in a chair. The structure of the chair is before and after the two legs cross, the junction point for the axis, on the beam through the rope instead of the seat, can be folded, the top of a Castanopsis circle. Chair circle is generally made of three to five sections of mortise and tenon joints, under the eight wooden rods from the intersection, the intersection of joints, more metal parts fixed. The whole modeling, from the side looks like a number of triangular composition, the lines are slim and lively, but without losing its stability. Because of its two legs cross the characteristics, so called cross chair. Ming and Qing dynasties usually with a backrest chair circle called chair, not with a chair circle called "cross stools", also known as "Mazar". Chair can be folded, carrying and storage is very convenient, they are not only in the indoor use, can also be carried when going out. Song, Yuan, Ming and even the Qing Dynasty, royalty or government officials out on tour, hunting, with this chair, so that the owner can sit down at any time and place to rest, which is also known as the chair at the same time "line chair" and "hunting chair" origin.

Circle chair is the development of the chair from the chair. The chair circle back and armrests a smooth and down, sitting, elbow, arm and get support, very comfortable, quite popular. Later gradually developed into a circle chair specifically for indoor use. It is different from the chair is not cross-legged, and the use of four feet, to board for the surface, and the usual chair chassis is not very different. Just above the surface of the chair also retains the form of the chair. Most of these chairs are displayed in pairs, not many alone. Circle chair chair circle because it is curved, so use the round material is more coordinated. Most of the circle chair using light vegetarian techniques, only in the middle of the back plate relief carving a group of simple ornaments, but are very shallow. Backboard are made of "S" curve, is made according to the curve of the human spine, a typical example of scientific Ming furniture.

Ming dynasty in the middle and late, some chairs at the end of the armrests outside the cloud carved a set of patterns, both beautifying the furniture, but also play an extra role in reinforcing. Ming Dynasty people on this chair style is extremely respected, so it was more called "master chair". There is a circle chair backrest plate higher than the chair circle, and slightly backward volume, can take the brain. There is also a circle chair chair from the back plate to both sides of the extension through the side columns, but does not extend down. This has become a half circle chair without armrests, this chair is a peculiar shape, can be described as fresh and chic.

Qing Huanghuali bronze chair

106.6×73.7×62 cm

Estimate: RMB 1600000~2000000

Sold: RMB 2053440

The chair was the utensils of the emperors and nobles and was a symbol of the status, so there is also the "first chair". This chair is only a few necessary linear composition, and no extra parts, modeling simplicity; Huanghuali wood texture, on the package inlaid copper sheet, novel and chic; armrests out of the head and footrest corner scroll pattern of carving, backrest plate inlaid decorative and translucent carving pattern use, the modeling of the rough and brash chair adds a few flavors.

Huanghuali circle chair (a pair)

Ming

60×47×99 cm

Estimate: RMB 100000~120000

Circle chair is a typical style of Ming furniture, chair circle from the hitching brain extends down into the armrests, the back plate is "S" shape, decorated with small carvings.

The circle chair is a typical style of Ming furniture, the chair circle extends down from the head to the armrests, the back plate is "S" shaped, decorated with small relief carvings, the chair is set up under the pot door voucher mouth, the bottom door post adopts the "step-by-step" door post method, which are typical characteristics of the Ming Dynasty, is the unification of the practicality and scientific nature.

Official chair and back chair

Official chair is divided into the South official chair and four out of the head of the official chair two kinds of chairs. South Hat Chair from the modeling, not as generous as the four out of the head, but the South Hat Chair in the decorative techniques easier to play, you can use a variety of forms of decorative back and armrests; with the material can be square can be rounded, can be curved can be straight. It is characterized by soft rounded corners at the back of the chair columns and hitching brain joints, made by the columns for mortise and tenon, beams for mortise and tenon nest, beams pressed on the columns. "S" shaped chair back more border paneling practices, the center of the score grid, or carve a hole through the Ruyi clouds, or relief carving a set of simple patterns, beautiful and generous. Usually into the hall or pairs of display use, rarely single branch.

Four out of the head of the official chair, that is, the back of the chair and the armrests of the brain and the front corner is not made of soft rounded corners, but the brain and the armrests of the beams through the columns, and then slightly to the rear and both sides of the bend, forming a natural and smooth curve. The end of the head is ground into a rounded head, giving a soft, sleek feeling. Most of these four chairs are made of yellow rosewood. The backboard is mostly in the shape of "S", and mostly made of one whole board. Simple and generous shape and clear and beautiful texture color, the formation of the handsome style and features. Ming and Qing dynasties have official chair, but the production is different, mainly in the brain, back and armrests of the difference. Qing dynasty official chair hitch brain more pot door post shape or flower shape, backrest, armrests, most of the flower decorations, and the simple and plain style of the Ming dynasty is very different.

Backrest chair modeling is characterized by a backrest without armrests, and the backrest hitch brain not out of the head. There are different forms of backrest, also known as the "monumental" chair. This chair is slightly smaller than the official chair, the back of the beams on both ends and the official chair is similar to the form of the chair. Also divided into two forms: one made of soft rounded corners; a beam out of two columns, and slightly upward, as if picking lamps lamp post, and thus there is a "lamp hanging chair". In the use of materials and decorations, hardwood, mixed wood, color lacquer gold, filler lacquer gold, various color pigmented lacquer and save bamboo and other practices, characterized by lightweight and flexible, easy to use.

Screen back chair

The backrest is like a screen, so the name. The backrest is often inlaid with marble, or hollowed out into bottles, leaves, bowls and other patterns, and then embedded in porcelain, quite distinctive, unique varieties of furniture for the Qing Dynasty.

Huanghuali four head official chair (a pair)

Ming

60 × 45.5 × 117 cm

Estimate: RMB 70000 ~ 80000

Four head official chair is more common in the Ming furniture, the back plate in the curve made at the same time using the save frame panels, the side of the carving of the teeth, the next set of feet, and the overall simplicity and transparency harmonized. The overall simplicity and transparency of the harmonization. The bottom front post is widened to form a footrest, giving a natural and comfortable feeling.

Republic of China

52×43×105cm

Estimate: RMB 50,000-70,000

This group of back chairs is similar to the "Yitongbei style", with fine carvings, delicate backs and more detailed carvings of flower panels under the waist. Flower plate carving is more detailed, the chair legs made of stretching the three curved legs, feet lion claws, should be the Qing style influenced by Western style works. This is two of them.

Stool

Stool is a stool without backrest. Only in terms of stools, can be roughly divided into two forms of square, round, and the most varieties of square stools. In various forms of stools, and is divided into two categories of waist and no waist. With a girdle of square material, generally do not use round material; no girdle of square material, round material are available. With a girdle can be made of curved legs, such as drum legs puffed teeth, three bent legs, etc.; and without a girdle are used straight legs. With a girdle of the end of the foot are made to turn inward or outward horseshoe, while no girdle of the legs and feet, whether square or round, the end of the foot are not to do any decoration.

The bench surface of the board heart, there are also many patterns. There are shadow wood heart, there are various colors of hardwood, there are wooden frame lacquer heart, and rattan heart, mat heart, marble heart, etc., with materials and production are very elaborate. Stools and long way and long style. Long way common, more than one board for the face, four legs side foot obvious, commonly known as the four split eight forks, only for one person to use. There are also longer board, can sit two to three people, then called "long bench" or "bench"; long bench and "spring stool", shaped like a kang table, can accommodate two people and sit, because the sitting surface is wider, do not sit when you can also be used to put objects. It can also be used to put artifacts when not sitting.

The round stool in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, also known as the round stool, three-legged, four-legged, five-legged, six-legged are available. Practice and the same square stool, straight legs, curved legs have. Ming Dynasty round stool general waist, stool surface for the round, plum blossom-shaped or begonia-shaped, with a circular under the mud, mud under the four feet, there are also six feet, eight feet, so that it is more solid and firm. The workmanship is meticulous and the shape is beautiful. The Qing Dynasty without the waist of the top of the legs are used for mortise and tenon, directly supporting the sitting surface of the practice; with the waist of the main board and waist to support the sitting surface by the girdle. It is also different from the square stool, square stool with four feet, while the round stool is not subject to the corner of the limitations of the minimum available three feet, more available six feet.

Early stool

"Stool" word, the earliest does not refer to what we call today's seating stool, but refers to the stirrups. The backless seating is called stool, is a later thing. The interpretation of the name - the interpretation of the bed tent " said:" couch stool in the big bed before the small couch, so stirrups bed also." Obviously a bed utensils, that is, we see today's footrest. Footrest, also known as footstool. About the footstool, the Ming Dynasty history books have many records. The book "Lu Ban Jing" introduced a variety of footstools. Especially "long things" and "Zunsheng eight paper" two books also introduces a peculiar footstool, and health, fitness organically combined together, became a highly respected fitness furniture. "long things," said: "footstool, wooden rolling stool, two feet long, six inches wide, as high as the usual style, in the center of a file, empty mouth, in the car round wood two roots, two ends of the shaft left to rotate to kick the shaft, rolling to and from the foot. Cover the Yongquan points born of the essence of the gas to movement for the wonderful. Bamboo pedal stool aspect of the large, can also be used."

Ancient Furniture Value Determination

The furniture made in the early Qing Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty furniture in the modeling style, structure, workmanship and materials, etc. are quite consistent with each other, has a high artistic value. Some domestic furniture research authority, the Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty furniture collectively referred to as "Ming furniture", in the determination of value, the two are basically the same. The reason why the furniture of the pre-Qing Dynasty can be comparable to the Ming Dynasty furniture, mainly because it has a high artistic value, which also shows that the history of ancient furniture is not the only criterion for the identification of its value. Furniture styling art is an important factor in determining the value of furniture. Mr. Wang Shixiang made a high degree of generalization of the styling art standard of furniture, thus standardizing and concretizing the description of furniture styling and making the connection between each other clear at a glance. He put forward the furniture sixteen products are concise, simple, thick, heavy, majestic, round, calm, adorned Hua, Wen Qi, Yanxiu, strong, soft, ethereal, exquisite, elegant, fresh; eight disease is cumbersome, redundant, bloated, stagnant郁, delicate, paradoxical, out of place, slang. The level of production technology is to measure the value of ancient furniture and a ruler, mainly from the rationality of the structure, mortise and tenon precision, carving efforts to examine. Ancient furniture, often eye-catching carving part. Carving is good or bad, directly affects the value of furniture. Ancient furniture on the carving, generally divided into transparent carving, plane solid carving and three kinds of three-dimensional carving. The advantages and disadvantages of carving, the first to see whether the form is realistic, whether the three-dimensional sense of strong, whether the level is clear; and then see whether the carving hole is smooth, with or without file marks, whether the root foot is clean, whether the bottom is flat. In general, in the evaluation of furniture carving, in addition to consider the difficulty of the process and the accuracy of the operation, the key is to see whether the whole has a moving texture and charm.

Huanghuali Square Stools (Pair)

Ming

64 x 64 x 55 cm

Estimate: RMB 500,000-700,000

This pair of square stools employs more decorative techniques. The teeth, legs and feet edge up Yin line, the end of the foot to make a cloud pattern horseshoe, teeth under the additional flower teeth different from the common corner teeth, although the carving is more complicated, but the age is earlier.

Chicken Wing Wood Square Stool (four)

Ching

46×46×47.5cm

Estimate: RMB 12000-15000

This group of square stools is solemn and elegant, the four legs are flush with the surface of the stool, the tooth plate and the bottom post using two splits of the material practice, the foot carved back to the ethereal teeth of the board frame with additional decorations of the corner, not only not complicated, but add a few Not complicated, but added a few gorgeous, coupled with rare chicken fin wood texture, not lost for the top of the classical furniture.

Mahogany Marble Drum Stools (Pair)

Early Qing Dynasty

45×33cm

Estimate: RMB 50,000-60,000

Sold: RMB 200,000

Drum stools are a more common form of Ming and Qing Dynasty furniture, the upper and lower boards of this pair of drum stools are made into symmetrical shawl-shaped, with four sturdy legs and double lines. The strength of the four legs is contrasted with the double-lined begonia-shaped latticework, which makes it look both stable and elegant.

Mahogany Inlaid Porcelain Square Stool (Pair)

Ching

Height: 48cm

Estimate: RMB 36000

This pair of exquisite square stools is made of movable side pudding, the legs of the inner line, the two section of the legs of the practice appears to be a very strong, the foot of the external leaf-shaped horseshoe inlaid with colorful porcelain, reflecting the design of the producer's comprehensive aesthetic interest. Aesthetic interest.