What is poetry

Poetry is a literary genre of the main feelings, it is a lyrical way, highly condensed, focused on reflecting social life, with rich imagination, rich rhythm, rhyme, beautiful language and the form of the arrangement of lines to express thoughts and feelings. Overview of Poetry The classification of poetry is a complex issue. Now, only on the general view, briefly talk about the Han Wei six dynasties and the Tang and Song poetic style. The poetry of the Han, Wei, and Sixth Dynasties is generally known as ancient poetry, which includes the ancient rhetoric of the Han and Wei Lefu, the folk songs of the North and South Dynasties Lefu, and the poetry of the literati of this period. Lefu was originally the name of an official office. Lefu song lyrics were collected by the Lefu organs and set to music for it to be sung. The chapter "Wenxin Diao Long - Lefu" says: "All music words are said to be poems, and the sound of poems is said to be songs." From this we can see the relationship between the three concepts of poetry, song and music: poetry refers to the poet's song, song refers to the music that goes with the poem, and music refers to both. Later on, the works written with the old music or imitating the music genre, though without music, were also called music. In the Middle Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi and others started a new music movement, creating new themes and writing about current events, and thus called it new music. After the Tang Dynasty, the poetic styles can be roughly divided into two categories, namely, proximate and archaic poems, from the point of view of meter. The proximity poems were also called modern poems, which had a certain meter. Ancient style poems are generally called ancient style poems, which are written according to the ancient style of poetry, and the form is relatively free from the constraints of meter. In terms of the number of words in a verse, there are so-called quatrains, pentameter and heptameter. Quatrains are four-character lines, pentameter is five-character lines, and heptameter is seven-character lines. After the Tang Dynasty, quatrains were rare, so they were usually divided into only two categories: pentameter and heptameter. Five-character poems are abbreviated as wugu; seven-character poems are abbreviated as qigu; and those in which three, five, or seven characters are used in combination are usually counted as qigu. The pentameter poems are called pentameter for short, and are limited to eight lines of forty characters; the heptameter poems are called heptameter for short, and are limited to eight lines of fifty-six characters. Those with more than eight stanzas are called long stanzas. Long stanzas are usually pentameter. Only four lines are called stanzas; five stanzas*** twenty words, seven stanzas*** twenty-eight words. The stanzas can be categorized into two types, the metrical stanzas and the ancient stanzas. The "Lujie" is subject to the limitations of level and oblique meter, while the "Gujie" is never subject to the limitations of level and oblique meter. Ancient stanzas are generally limited to five stanzas. "The name "Modern Poetry" was first used in 1953, when Ji Qin founded the Modern Poetry Society. The meaning of modern poetry: 1. free form, 2. open content, and 3. imagery over rhetoric. Comparison between "classical poetry" and "modern poetry": "Poetry" is a reflection of the mind. "Classical poetry is based on the poetic concept of "thinking without evil", expressing gentleness and sincerity, and emphasizing "between the solvable and the insolvable". "Modern Poetry" emphasizes the spirit of freedom and openness, and communicates "between the palpable and the impalpable" through frank statements of situations. Poetry has the following main parts: (1) The Origin of Poetry Poetry is the oldest and most literary style. It is the oldest and most literary style. It originated from the labor songs and folk songs of ancient people, and was originally a general term for poetry and song. In the beginning, there was no distinction between poetry and song. Poetry was combined with music and dance, and collectively called poetry. Chinese poetry has a long history and rich heritage, such as, "The Book of Songs", "Chu Ci" and "Han Lefu" as well as the works of countless poets. Poetry in Western Europe, by the ancient Greek Homer, Sappho and ancient Roman poets such as Vergil and Horace opened the source of creation. （Poetry is a literary genre that reflects social life in a highly concentrated way. It is full of the author's thoughts and feelings and rich imagination, and the language is cohesive and imaginative, with distinctive rhythms, harmonious rhythms and rich in musicality, and the phrases are generally arranged in lines, focusing on the beauty of the structural form. He Qifang, a modern poet and literary critic in China, once said, "Poetry is a literary style that reflects social life in the most concentrated way, it is full of rich imaginations and feelings, and often expresses them in a direct lyrical way, and its language is different from that of prose in terms of the degree of refinement and harmony, and in particular in the sharpness of rhythm." This defining statement summarizes several basic features of poetry: first, highly concentrated and generalized reflection of life; second, lyrical expression, full of rich thoughts and feelings; third, rich imagination, association and fantasy; fourth, language with musical beauty. （There are many ways to express poetry, and the earliest popular and still frequently used traditional methods of expression in China are "fugue, bi and Xing". Mao Poetry Preface" said: "Therefore, the poem has six meanings: one said the wind, two said the fugue, three said than, four said the rise, five said elegant, six said the ode." This "six righteousness" in, "wind, elegant, ode" refers to the "poetry" of the verse type, "fugue, than, Xing" is the poem in the expression. Fugue: is a direct statement of things. Zhu Xi, a scholar of the Song Dynasty, said in his commentary on the Poetry Collection and Biography, "Fugue is the direct statement of a matter." For example, "Ge Qin" and "Personality" in the Classic of Poetry use this technique. Comparison: It is to use simile to depict things and express thoughts and feelings. Liu Innocence in the "Wenxin Diao Long - than Xing" said: "and what is called for than also? Cover write things to attach meaning, Yang speech to cut things also." Zhu Xi said: "than, to the other thing than this thing also." For example, the "katydid" in the "Classic of Poetry," the "fruitful rat" and other articles written in this way. Xing: It is a method of writing in which a certain thing is used to start a story to describe the thing to be described and to express thoughts and feelings. In the Justice of Mao Poetry, Kong Yingda of the Tang Dynasty said, "Xing is to rise. Taking analogies and citing categories, starting to send their own hearts, poetry and literature all cite grass, trees, birds and animals to see the meaning of the person, all Xing rhetoric also." Zhu Xi pointed out even more clearly, "Xing is the first to speak of other things to cause the words of the chorus." For example, "Guan Suo" and "Tao Yao" in "The Book of Songs" use the expression "Xing". These three methods of expression have been passed down, often used in combination, complementing each other, and have had a great influence on the creation of poetry through the ages. There are many methods of poetic expression, and they have been constantly developed and created through the ages, and their use has been flexible and varied, with exaggeration, redundancy, repetition, jumping, and so on, which is difficult to describe. But all kinds of methods can not be separated from the imagination, rich imagination is not only a major feature of poetry, but also one of the most important means of expression in poetry. In poetry, there is another important means of expression is symbolism. Symbol, simply put, is "to symbolize righteousness", but in modern poetry, symbols are also expressed as direct images of the mind, which should be noted. From a modern point of view, there are three main ways of shaping images in poetry: 1. Comparison. 2. In his book Wenxindiaolong (Carving Dragons from the Heart of Literature), Liu Feiqin says that simulation is "either a metaphor for sound, or a square for appearance, or a simulation of the heart, or an analogy of events." There are many examples of this in the poems we listed earlier. There is another common technique in simulation, which is "anthropomorphization": anthropomorphizing an object, or anthropomorphizing a person. The former, such as Xu Zhimo's Farewell to Hongqiao: gently I go, / as I gently come; / I gently wave, / farewell to the clouds of the western sky. The golden willow by the river, / is the bride in the setting sun; / the colorful shadow in the waves, / ripples in my heart. The "clouds" and "golden willows" are treated as human beings. For example, Love's "Because of the Wind": ...... My heart is as bright as the candlelight in front of your window / A little ambiguity is inevitable / Because of the wind / ...... With the love of my whole life / I am a light / I am a fire / I may go out at any time. / Because of the wind. Compare "my heart" to a candle, and me to a lamp. Of course, in the final analysis, the essence is still "anthropomorphism". 2. Exaggeration. That is, the things to be depicted to enlarge, as if the movie "capitalization" "close-up" shots, in order to cause the reader's attention and associations. Li Bai's "Peach Blossom Pond is a thousand feet deep, less than Wang Lun sent me love" ("gift Wang Lun"), "the flow straight down three thousand feet, suspected that the Milky Way fell nine days" ("look at Lushan Waterfalls"), which said that the "deep thousand feet "" three thousand feet ", although not the truth, but the image he shaped, but vividly show the characteristics of things, expressed the poet's passion, the reader can not only accept, and can be convinced, very surprised. However, this kind of exaggeration, must be artistic, beautiful, not too absurd, or too real, too vulgar. For example, there is a poem describing the cotton harvest: "a cotton to make a bale / press the truck head warped / head warped, three feet high / as if an anti-aircraft gun." After reading, but rather make people feel unreal, produce no sense of beauty. 3. Borrowing. That is, this thing instead of the other thing. It is similar to the simulation, but different, the difference is: the simulation is generally more than the things compared to the things are specific, visible; and borrowing is a specific party, a more abstract, in the concrete and abstract bridge between the image of the poem is more distinctive, prominent, in order to trigger the reader's associations. This is what Ai Qing said, "Give wings to thoughts, give clothes to feelings, give color to voices, and make the passing and the changing congeal." To shape the image of a poem, one can not only use the material taken from the perspective to depict the picture, but also use the material obtained from the senses of hearing and touch to embody the image from various aspects, so as to make the image colorful, vivid and novel. The Tang Dynasty poet Jia Dao rode on a donkey and chanted, "Birds stay in the trees by the pool, monks push the door under the moon," but he also felt that "monks knocking on the door under the moon" could also be used. Whether it is "push" or "knock", he could not decide, he used his hand as a knock, unexpectedly the donkey blocked the way of a big official, this person is a great writer Han Yu, when the guards will be brought to Jia Island in front of his horse, Jia told the truth, Han pondered for a long time, said it is still better to use the word knock! Han pondered for a long time and said it was better to use the word "knock". Because the word "knock" has a sound, in the moonlit night in the mountains, there are one or two knocks on the door, which makes the scene "alive", and also makes the environment more silent. The aforementioned "crows" and "bells" of "Night Mooring on the Maple Bridge" are also the finishing touches of the poem. There is also the musical description in Bai Juyi's Pipa Xing, "Big Pearls, Small Pearls Falling from a Jade Plate", which is very realistic and wonderful! Modern such as Huang He Lang's "Morning Song": "And the reef / listening stubbornly / beyond the sound of the wind, rain and waves / vague / dawn / Lingquan Temple's morning bell / just like Drum Mountain springs / distant response / faint faint faintly knocked down / a few sparse stars / and the red corolla of the / powerful cockcrow / as if across the sea / crowing bright one day of the morning sun / as the tide rushes. This poem is also well written. So if we master the technique of shaping images with sound, it will open up a broader field for poetic creation. Whether it is simile, hyperbole, or metonymy, it all depends on the poet's keen observation of objective things, incorporating his own emotions, and boldly imagining or even fantasizing. It can be said that, whether romantic or realistic, without imagination (fantasy), it is not a poet. For example, Li Bai, who is known for his boldness, is certainly rich in imagination and his poetic style is majestic, while Du Fu, who is known for his realism, has also written poems such as "There are ten million rooms in a wide building ...... when do I see this house before my eyes ......? " ("thatched roof broken for the autumn wind song") and "fragrant mist cloud maid wet, clear light jade arm cold. When will I lean on the false front, and dry my tears?" ("Moonlight Night"). ("Moonlit Night") and other masterpieces that come to mind. (D) Classification of Ancient Chinese Poetry 1. Poetry can be divided into two categories: ancient poetry and proximate poetry according to meter. Ancient and modern poetry is a concept formed in the Tang Dynasty, which is divided from the point of view of the sound of the poem. (1) Ancient style poetry: includes ancient poetry (poetry before Tang Dynasty), Chu Rhetoric, and Lefu Poetry. "Song", "song line", "citation", "song", "guin " and other ancient poetic genres of poetry also belong to the ancient style of poetry. Ancient style poems do not emphasize on the pairing, and the rhyme is more free. The development trajectory of ancient style poetry: The Classic of Poetry → Chu Rhetoric → Han Fugue → Han Lefu → Wei, Jin, North and South Dynasties folk songs → Jian'an Poetry → Tao Poetry and other literati quintuplets → Tang Dynasty's Ancient Style and New Lefu. ①Chu Rhetoric: a form of poetry created by Qu Yuan of Chu during the Warring States period, characterized by the use of Chu local language and sound and rhyme, with a strong color of the Chu region. Liu Xiang of the Eastern Han Dynasty edited the "Chu Rhetoric", the whole book of seventeen, mainly Qu Yuan's works, and Qu Yuan's works and the "Li Sao" as a masterpiece, and therefore later called "Chu Rhetoric" for the "Sao". ② Lefu: Originally the name of the official office in charge of music during the Han Dynasty, it became the name of the poetic genre. Han, Wei, North and South Dynasties, the official office of the music collection and creation of musical songs, referred to as music. The poems written by poets in the Wei, Jin, and Tang Dynasties and thereafter to be called Lefu became Lefu and Lefu, even though they were not music. For example, "The Song of the Royal Edicts", "The Poem of Mulan", and "The Walk of Short Songs" (Cao Cao). Generally speaking, the title of a lefu poem has the addition of "song", "line", "citation", "song", "chant", and "chorus". "and so on. (3) Songs and lines: a variation of Lefu poetry. After the Han and Wei, the title of the poem is "song", "line" quite a lot, although the name of the two are different, in fact, there is no strict difference, are the meaning of the "song", its syllables, meter is generally free, and the form is in five lines. Are relatively free, the form of five words, seven words, miscellaneous words of the ancient style, rich in change, and then there is "song line" body. To the Tang Dynasty, the early Tang poets to write music poetry, in addition to using the old Han Wei and six dynasties of music, there are a few poets set up a new topic, although the rhetoric for the music, has not been limited to the sound of the law, so it is called the new music. This kind of poetry, to Li Bai, Du Fu and great development. For example, Du Fu's "Sad Chen Tao", "Mourning Jiangtou", "Soldier's Cart", "Lillian's Walk", Bai Juyi's many works, the form of its use of the Lefu song and line body, most of the three words, seven words mixed use. (2) Near-poetry: Near-poetry, also known as modern-poetry, is a kind of metrical poetry formed in the Tang Dynasty, which is divided into two kinds of poems, with strict regulations on the number of words, lines, levels and rhymes, etc. One kind is called "Absolute Poetry", which is a kind of poem that has the same meaning as the other. There are two types of poems, the number of words, the number of lines, the level and the rhyme scheme, etc. One type is called "stanzas", each of which has four lines, five lines for short, and seven lines for short. (2) A kind of poem is called "liu shi", each eight lines, five lines of the abbreviation of pentameter, seven lines of the abbreviation of septameter, more than eight lines is known as the platitude (or long rhythm). Rhythmic poems are extremely strict, with fixed lines (except for the rhymes), fixed words, fixed rhymes (fixed rhyming positions), fixed sounds (fixed tones for each word in the poem), and fixed pairs (the two lines in the middle of a rhythmic poem must be paired up). For example, in the Rhythmic Poetry, which originated in the North and South Dynasties and matured in the early Tang Dynasty, there are eight lines in four couplets in each poem, and the number of words in each line must be the same, which can be four or five rhymes; the middle two couplets must be paired, and the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth lines must rhyme, and the first line may or may not be rhymed. If in the poems on the basis of a fixed pattern to be laid out to continue to more than ten lines, it is called the row of law, in addition to the first and last two lines, the upper and lower sentences need to be contrasting, there are also relative to each other, known as the "fan pair". Another example, the stanzas are only four lines and two couplets, also known as the absolute poem, truncated sentences, broken sentences, the level and oblique, rhymes, couplets have certain requirements. (3) Words: also known as poems, long and short sentences, songs, songs, words, music and so on. Its characteristics: the tune has a fixed frame, the sentence has a fixed number, the word has a fixed sound. The number of words can be categorized into long tunes (91 words or more), middle tunes (59~90 words), and small orders (58 words or less). Words can be divided into monotone and diatonic, diatonic is divided into two large sections, the level and number of words in the two sections are equal or roughly equal, monotone has only one section. One section of a word is called a que or a piece, and the first section is called the first que, the upper que, and the upper piece, and the second section is called the second que, the lower que, and the lower piece. (4) Qu: also known as the word Yu, music. Yuanqu includes loose songs and miscellaneous dramas. Prose song rose in Jin, flourished in Yuan, the style is similar to the word. Characteristics: the number of words can be fixed in the frame outside plus the liner notes, more use of colloquialisms. Prose song includes two kinds of songs: Xiao Ling and Suo Nu (set of songs). Sets are coherent sets of songs, at least two songs, more dozens of songs. Each set of number is the first song of the song as a full set of song name, the full set must be the same Gong tone. It does not Binbai Kosuke, only for singing. 2. According to the content to be categorized: can be divided into narrative poetry, lyric poetry, farewell poetry, border poetry, landscape and garden poetry, wistful poetry (aria), aria, mourning poetry, satirical poetry. (1) Ancient reminiscence poems. Generally, they are reminiscent of ancient figures and deeds. Poems about history and antiquity often twist historical facts and reality together, or lament personal encounters, or attack social reality. For example, Su Shi's "Nian Nujiao - Red Cliff Huai Gu" laments his personal encounters, the contradiction between ideals and reality, and the fact that he is over half a century old and has no success in his endeavors. Xin Qiji's "Yongyoule - Jingkou Beigu Pavilion Huaigu" expresses dissatisfaction with the court and attacks the social reality. Some poems about history are only calm and rational thinking and evaluation of history, or only objective narratives, in which the poet's own encounter is not included, and the poet's feelings are only a voice outside the picture. For example, Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Lane" expresses the poet's sense of the vicissitudes of history by comparing the present with the past. (2) Aria Poetry. Characteristics of aria poetry: the content of an object as the object of description, to seize some of its features to describe. Ideology is often the object to express their aspirations. From objects to people, from the real to the virtual, to write the spiritual character. Commonly used metaphors, symbols, anthropomorphism, contrast and other means of expression. (3) Landscape idylls. Xie Lingyun in the Southern Dynasty pioneered landscape poetry, Tao Yuanming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty pioneered idyllic poetry, and in the Tang Dynasty, there was a school of landscape and idyllic poetry, represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran. Landscape idyllic poetry to describe the natural scenery, rural scenery, and the ease and quiet seclusion of life is characterized by poetry, timeless and beautiful, quiet and elegant style, and clear and concise language. (4) War Poetry. From the pre-Qin Dynasty, there have been poems with the theme of border and war, developed to the Tang Dynasty, because the war is still frequent, the rulers emphasize the military over the literature, the scholar invites to the border to gain fame than by the imperial examination into the body much easier, coupled with the Tang Dynasty, the kind of positive use of the world, the atmosphere of the times of the high and progressive, so the strange feelings of the magnificent border poems will be greatly developed, the formation of a new school of poetry, whose representatives are Gao Shi, Cen Sen, Wang Changling. (5) Traveling Poetry and Boudoir Poetry. Ancient people or long-time eunuchs outside, or long-term displacement, or long garrison border, will always cause strong feelings of homesickness and nostalgia, so this kind of poetry is especially much, they are either written to travel, or written to miss their friends and relatives, or written to the draftsmen homesickness, or written to the girlfriends of nostalgia. Writing or touching the scene of sadness, or feeling the mood of the time, or object to pass on the feelings, or because of the dream sent feelings, or a metaphor to pass on the feelings. Appreciation of such poems should be based on the overall perception to determine the emotional categories; seize the imagery, build a picture; seize the key words, taste the artistic characteristics. (6) Farewell poems. In ancient times, due to the inconvenience of transportation, communication is very undeveloped, relatives and friends are often difficult to see each other for several years, so the ancients attached special importance to the parting. On the occasion of parting, people often set up wine farewell party, folding willow to send off, and sometimes have to recite poems to say goodbye, so the feeling of parting has become an eternal theme of the ancient literati. Due to the different circumstances of each person, the specific content and ideological tendency of the farewell poem is often different. Some of the direct expression of the feelings of parting, some of the use of a spit in the chest of the accumulated anger or to show the will, some of the heavy in the writing of parting sadness and hatred, some of the heavy in the exhortation, encouragement, comfort, and some of both. （Classification of Modern Poetry There are many ways to classify poems, and they can be divided into different kinds according to different principles and standards. The basic ones are as follows: 1. Narrative and Lyric Poetry. This is divided according to the way of expression of the content of the work. (1) Narrative poetry: the poem has a relatively complete storyline and characterization, usually expressed in the way the poet sings with passion. Epic poems, story poems and novels in verse all belong to this category. Epic poems such as Homer's Iliad and Odyssey in ancient Greece; story poems such as Li Ji's Wang Gui and Li Xiang Xiang; verse novels such as Byron's Don Juan in England and Pushkin's Evgeny Onegin in Russia. (2) Lyric poetry: reflecting social life mainly by directly expressing the poet's thoughts and feelings, not requiring the description of a complete storyline and characterization. For example, love songs, odes, dirges, elegies, pastoral songs and satirical poems. There are many such works, not to be listed. Of course, narrative and lyric are not absolutely separate. Narrative poetry also has a certain lyricism, but its lyricism requires close integration with the narrative. Lyric poetry is also often a narrative of certain pieces of life, but can not be spread, should be subject to the needs of lyricism. 2. Metrical poetry, free verse and prose poetry. This is in accordance with the works of the language of rhyme and structure of the form of classification. (1) Metrical poetry: poetry written according to a certain format and rules. It has strict regulations on the number of lines, the number of words (or syllables) in the poem, the tone and rhyme, the word pairing, the sentence arrangement, etc. For example, the "metrical verse", "stanzas" and "words" and "songs" of the ancient poetry in China. For example, in ancient Chinese poetry, there are strict rules for the "stanzas", "stanzas" and "words" and "songs", and in Europe, there are "sonnets". (2) Free verse: It is a newly developed poetic form in modern Europe and America. It is not subject to metrical restrictions, no fixed format, focusing on the natural, internal rhythm, rhyming or unrhymed, the number of words, lines, lines, stanzas, intonation are relatively free, and the language is relatively commonplace. The American poet Whitman (1819-1892) is the founder of free verse in Europe and America, and Leaves of Grass is his main collection of poems. This kind of poetry has also been popular since the May Fourth Movement in China. (3) Prose Poetry: It is a literary genre with the characteristics of both prose and poetry. It has the mood and passion of poetry, is often philosophical, emphasizes the natural rhythm and musical beauty, is short in length, and is not divided into lines or rhymed like prose, such as Lu Xun's Weeds. (F) Bai Park "Tianjingsha - Autumn" Appreciation The mention of "autumn", people's first reaction is that the household name, popular "Tianjingsha - Autumn Thoughts" (Ma Zhiyuan). Unbeknownst to the public, there are many Yuan dynasty compositions written about "autumn", and the most evocative is Bai Pu's "Tianjingsha - Autumn". If Ma Zhiyuan is called "the ancestor of autumn thoughts", then Bai Pu should be regarded as "the saint of autumn". The first two lines of this song Bai Park with a pen like rafters, without a predicate, skillfully juxtaposed six groups of nouns to describe a picture of the harmony of the ground and the sky: the sun is flat in the west, the sunset is full of the sky, the village is draped with the slanting sunshine; smoke curls up a few as if condensed, the old trees do not move their lines, the crows drop the feathers of the tree to stand on the branches. The second sentence is a special scene in a corner of the large scope described in the first two sentences. In the midst of this peaceful autumn scene, a goose suddenly passes by and flies down to the ground. The sudden appearance of this dynamic, breaking the perception of the quiet scene, so that the heart for a move. "A little" indicates the distance of the "flying goose", and "under the shadow" reveals the speed of the goose! The third sentence is the sentence that best conveys the spirit of autumn. First of all, the perspective on the combination of near and far, the distance is the autumn mountains and autumn water, and has a characteristic color - green and green; near is the autumn plants: grass, leaves and flowers, white, red, yellow is a harmonious foil, colorful, constituting a beautiful "scroll of autumn"! It renders the autumn scenery and conveys the richness of autumn. Secondly, the whole sentence without a "fall" word and everywhere see "autumn", so-called "not a word, all the wind flow"! This is also the author's mastery! Looking at the whole song, its structure is novel and chic, that is, "laying out the static scene - the intermediary Feihong moving scene - laying out the static scene", standardized and not dull; secondly, the chapter on the combination of static and dynamic, change and not monotonous; again, if this is the case, it is not a good idea to say that this song is not a good idea. Monotonous; again, if the first two sentences of this song autumn scenery can not help but seem quiet, cold, then to the third sentence, it is a change of mood, more obvious sparse, clear and. These show the author's superior refining skills and conceptualization skills. （Guo Moruo's "Market in the Sky" Appreciation Guo Moruo's poems have always been known for their strong emotional catharsis. His "Phoenix Nirvana" is passionate and majestic; his "Tengu" carries the momentum of annihilation; his "Morning Calm" and "Coal in the Furnace" used to make our hearts beat more than once. But this poem is calm and peaceful, beautiful and fresh. The poet was studying in Japan when he wrote this poem. Like many Chinese students at that time, he had nostalgia for his motherland in his heart, and was confused about his ideal future. The poet had to think about these things with the help of nature, and often wandered on the seashore. One night, the poet walked by the sea, looked up at the beautiful sky and the sparkling stars, and his mood became cheerful. The poet seems to have found his ideal, and he writes about it in the poem - it seems to be a vision of heavenly paradise. The poet compares the stars to streetlights. Dots of stars are scattered on the sky, and the distant world arouses people's infinite reverie. Streetlights, on the other hand, are a commonplace sight, close to us, and can be seen almost everywhere. The poet compares the distant streetlights to the stars in the sky, and the stars in the sky to the streetlights on earth. Is it the poet's hallucination, or does the poet want to introduce us to "the misty air"? In the poet's mind, earth and heaven are one. There is a market in the misty sky, a prosperous and beautiful market. There are many articles on display there, all of which are treasures of the earth. The poet did not write specifically about these treasures, leaving us a great deal of room for imagination, and we can take them as something we need, something that brings us peace of mind and comfort. It was not only a marketplace, but also a scene of life. That is separated by the shallow river of heaven on the love of life and death of the cowherd, the weaving woman, in what kind of life? Are they still guarding the Milky Way and can only look at each other from afar? "Surely they can ride their oxen to and fro", said the poet. On that beautiful night, they must have been roaming in the marketplace where there were so many treasures and wonders. The shooting stars are the lanterns they carry in their hands. In a few simple words, the myth that has been passed down for thousands of years is subverted, and the tragedy and people's sighs of love and sorrow for thousands of years are dissolved. The style of this poem is tranquil, using natural and fresh language, neat phrases, and harmonious and beautiful rhymes to express the poet's innocent ideals. The mood is ordinary, and the rhythm is slow, like a thin stream, like ripples. But it is this plain mood that brings us rich imagination, letting our mind roam with the poem in the distant sky and gallop to our heart's content with our beautiful dreams

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