What are the excellent germplasm resources of Chinese pumpkin?

The main excellent varieties of Chinese pumpkin are big mill, mange pumpkin, ten sisters pumpkin, no trailing No. 1, yellow wolf pumpkin, Ye'er three pumpkin, camel neck pumpkin, wild goose neck pumpkin, large bare nuts pumpkin and so on. In recent years, the relevant domestic research institutes in the bare kernel pumpkin and no trailing pumpkin excellent new varieties of selection and breeding has achieved some results.

1. Big Grinder

Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, more cultivated. Melon large, flat round, mature melon orange-red, full of white powder, melon surface has 10 longitudinal grooves, umbilical concave. Melon flesh is also orange-red. Near the fruit stalk and umbilicus is thin, waist thick. The flesh is fine, powdery, with much water and a light flavor. To eat the old ripe melon mainly. Single melon weight 6 ~ 8kg, large 15 ~ 20kg, high yield, poor storage.

2. Sugar cake pumpkin

Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, local varieties. Early maturity, the main vine 7 ~ 8 section bearing female flowers. Melon flat round, young melon skin color green, mature melon orange-yellow, melon surface with tumor-like protrusions. The weight of single melon is about 2kg. Melon flesh is tender and slightly sweet. Young melon is mostly consumed. Old ripe melon meat rough, commonly used as fodder.

3. Laizi pumpkin

Ezhou City, Hubei Province, local varieties. Medium maturity. Plants trailing, about 3.0m long, large leaves. The main vine around the 18th section began to bear female flowers. Melon flat round, young melon dark green, mature melon dark yellow, surface densely covered with verruca-like protuberances, melon longitudinal diameter of 20cm, transverse diameter of 25cm, pulp thickness of 3 ~ 4cm, brownish yellow. The weight of single melon is 3~4kg, and the taste of mature melon is very sweet with good quality. Suitable for planting in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

4. Eighteen-pronged northern melon

Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, local varieties. Plants trailing, strong growth potential, strong resistance, branching. The leaves are palmate, 14cm long and 27cm wide, and the first female flower is borne at the 12th node of the main vine. The melon is disk-shaped, with a longitudinal diameter of 10cm and a transverse diameter of 22cm, and 16-18 deep longitudinal grooves on the surface of the melon. The fruiting pedicel is sunken inward. The skin of mature melon is brown with yellow spots on the bottom, melon flesh is orange, flesh thickness is 4.6cm, flesh is dense, sweet surface, melon flesh is small, good quality. Single melon weight 2kg, growing period of 100d or so, yield 30000kg/km^2

5. Naturalistic pumpkin

Hainan local varieties. The plant grows vigorously. The melon is flat and round, with 10 to 18 longitudinal deep grooves on the surface, and the outer skin is of different colors, including black, yellow and flower skin. Melon flesh 6cm thick, yellow, texture surface, sweet flavor, good quality. Drought resistance is weak, the growing period of 150d. yield 22,500kg/km^2, suitable for cultivation in North China.

6. Early melon

Originally from Meitan, Guizhou Province. For early maturity varieties. Melon flat round, melon surface smooth. Young melon bottom color yellow-white, with black-green radial stripes, from the fruit stalk straight to the base, the two ends of the color dark, the middle is very light green mesh. The flesh of young melon is reddish-white, with beautiful flavor. The old ripe melon is 14cm long, 17cm in diameter, weighing about 2kg. Skin color green and yellow-white mottled, slightly white powder, umbilicus large, slightly concave. Thin skin, yellowish flesh, juicy.

7. Ten sisters pumpkin

Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, local varieties, named for the bearing of female flowers. Melon long and slightly curved, the apex is expanded, near the fruit stalk end of the slender, solid, young melon from green to dark green, mature melon is yellow-brown, with fruit powder, flesh orange-red, sweet flavor. There are two strains of large and small species. Large fruit single melon weight of about 10kg, small fruit single weight of 3 ~ 4kg, small fruit species of good quality, dense flesh after maturity, less water, sweet flavor, early maturity. Large fruit species in the ripe.

8. Naked kernel pumpkin

Shanxi Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences Vegetable Research Institute bred, codenamed No. 6518 naked kernel pumpkin. Naked kernel pumpkin seeds only kernel without outer seed coat, is a kind of seed and melon flesh dual-use pumpkin. Medium maturity. Seeds, old squash and young squash are edible. The length of the plant is 2.3-3m, and the main vine starts to bear melons at the 5th-7th section, and then the melons reappear at 1-2 section intervals. The melon is flat and round, the young melon is green, the old melon is ochre yellow, and the melon skin is smooth. Single plant sitting melon 2 ~ 3, single melon weight 3 ~ 4 kg. melon flesh orange-yellow, dense flesh, containing less water, per 100g of fresh melon containing soluble solids 10 ~ 13 g. Seed fat content accounted for 43.68%, protein accounted for 37.11%. Resistant to storage, barren, adaptable, seed yield of 375kg/km^2. Old melon can be cut into strips and dried to make canned food, can also be boiled. Young melon is a vegetable with high nutritional value. The seeds have no outer seed coat, which is easy to eat or make snacks.

9. Guizhou small cucumber

Guizhou local varieties. Early maturity. Plant growth potential is medium, stem trailing, small, the first female flower nodes in the 5 to 7 nodes, female flower rate is high. Open field cultivation, spring sowing 70d, fall sowing 40d can be harvested young melon. The length of the vine is 2.0m, and when the root melon appears, the length of the vine is only about 20cm, often bearing female flowers in 2-3 consecutive sections, and the main and side vines can all bear melons. The melon is oval, round or oblate, and the surface of the melon is smooth and without ribs, with wax powder. The skin of young melons is dark green or light green, and the skin of mature melons is brownish yellow. The weight of mature melon is about 3kg. Melon flesh is light yellow, with good quality.

10.seven-leaf pumpkin

Jiangxi Province, local varieties. Plants trailing, thick stems, short internodes. Leaves heart-shaped, 23cm long, 29cm wide, dark green. The first female flowers are born in the main vine at the 5th to 6th section. Melons are oblate. Young melon height 9cm, cross diameter 10cm, melon skin green and white. The flesh is orange-yellow and 3.5cm thick, and the weight of a single melon is about 3kg. Harvesting mainly young melon, quality is general. Suitable for planting in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

11. May early pumpkin

Local varieties in Hubei Province. Plants trailing, strong growth potential, trailing length of 2m or more, thin stem trailing, nodes and short internodes. Leaf blade smaller, heart-shaped, 20cm long, 25cm wide. main side of the trailing can sit melon, the first female flowers were born in the 4th to 5th section, female flowers more than 2 consecutive. The weight of a single melon is 4 to 5 kg, and the flesh is fine and sweet. The mature melon is resistant to storage, the fertility period of about 120d.

12. Big grain naked kernel pumpkin

Shanxi Province Agricultural Science Academy Vegetable Research Institute breeding, meat and seed dual-purpose varieties. Plants trailing, stem length of 3m or so, stem nodes easy to produce fibrous roots. Leaf blade 3 to 5 lobed, sharp tip, with white spots on the leaf surface. The melons are rounded and ladder-shaped (apple-like), with very shallow furrows on the surface, light green skin color with reticulation for young melons, and ochre-yellow skin color for mature melons. The weight of single melon is 2~3kg, the longitudinal diameter of melon is 12.5cm, the transverse diameter is 18.5m. The flesh of melon is 4.0cm thick, deep apricot-yellow, the flesh is dense, the content of soluble solids is 15.0%, the sweetness is fine, the quality is excellent. Seeds without seed coat, with two colors of dark green and creamy white, 1,000 grains weight 245.3g, seed longitudinal diameter of 1.82±0.07cm, transverse diameter of 0.97±0.05cm, thickness of 0.28±0.05cm. 110d from sowing to harvest, the yield of 60,000kg/km^2 or more. The adaptability is very wide and can be planted all over the country.

13. No trailing 1

Selected by the Vegetable Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The plant is vine-free, clumped, strong growth potential, about 70cm high, 90cm development. each plant has an average of 6 branches, leaves are attached to the base of the stem, about 60 pieces, leaf color green, leaf veins at the silvery gray spot, the largest leaf diameter of 26cm, longitudinal diameter of 27cm, petiole length of 39cm. melon flattened round, young melon skin dark green, aged ochre-yellow, melon surface is smooth, there is a deeper longitudinal grooves. The average weight of mature melon is 1.3kg, horizontal diameter 18cm, longitudinal diameter of about 9cm. melon flesh is 3cm thick, apricot yellow, close to the skin part of the melon has a green edge, the flesh sweet surface, containing 13.8% soluble solids, starch 1.72%, the average of a plant to knot 3 melons. Taiyuan area in late April live field, suitable plant spacing 80cm, after 55d female flowers began to open, 15d after the flower began to pick young melon weighing 0.5kg. ripe in early August, mature melon yield 45000 ~ 52,500kg/km^2.

14. no trailing 4

Shanxi Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Vegetable Research selected. The plant is non-tendentious, tufted, plant height 60-65cm, degree of development 90-100cm. leaves are attached to the base of the stem, there are 45-50 pieces, the largest leaf diameter of 30cm, longitudinal diameter of 34cm, petiole length of 43-45cm, leaf color green, the surface of the leaf has a lot of silvery gray spots. Melon flat round, height 9cm, cross diameter 18 ~ 19cm, young melon skin color dark green, full of light green mottled, mature melon skin color ochre yellow, with a small number of black-green spots. Melon flesh is 2.5-3cm thick, apricot yellow, with green edges near the peduncle part, dense flesh, containing 12% soluble solids and 0.5% starch. The average melon 3 ~ 4 per plant, mature melon yield 57000kg/km^2. There is the habit of picking young melon in the region, the melon grows to the appropriate size in time to pick, the yield can also be increased. Taiyuan area in late April live field, plant spacing 80cm, row spacing 90cm, early August melon ripe, full growth period of 100d.

15. honey date pumpkin

Guangdong Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences Crops Research Institute selection. Trailing, strong branching. The 21st to 27th section of the main vine bears the first female flowers, and then every 5 sections bear female flowers. Melon shape like papaya, with dark longitudinal grooves, dark green rind, with small pieces and small dotted yellowish spots, mature melon earth yellow. Melon flesh is thick, nearly solid, with excellent quality. The weight of single melon is 1~1.5kg, and the yield is 18750~22500kg/km^2. It can be cultivated in Guangzhou area in both spring and fall.

16. Yellow wolf pumpkin

Also known as small gate pumpkin, Shanghai local varieties. Plant growth potential is strong, branching, thick vines, long internodes. Leaves heart-shaped, dark green. The first female flower is born in the 15th to 16th node, and then every 1 to 3 nodes appear female flowers. Melon long mallet-shaped, longitudinal diameter of about 45cm, transverse diameter of about 15cm, apical expansion, few seeds, smooth fruit surface, orange-red melon skin, ripe with white powder. The flesh is thick, delicate, sweet, excellent quality, and resistant to storage. The growing period is 100～120d, the weight of single melon is about 1.5kg, the yield is 15000～19500kg/km^2, it is suitable for planting in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.

17. Ye'er three pumpkin

Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province and Su County, Anhui Province, local varieties. Early maturity, to eat young melon mainly. Vine light green, smaller leaves. The main vine of the 7th to 8th section began to produce female flowers, and then every 1 to 2 sections of female flowers. Melon long cylindrical, smooth skin, with white and green stripes, young melon skin color green, old melon skin orange-red, meat powder, less water, single melon weight 1.5 ~ 2.5kg.

18.Cow leg melon

Shandong Province, local varieties. Stem trailing, strong branching. Early maturity, female flowers start node 5-8. Melon cylindrical, young melon skin dark green, melon surface smooth, wax powder. The weight of single melon is 2.5kg, and the fertility period is 95~105d. It is more resistant to virus disease and not resistant to powdery mildew.

19. camel neck pumpkin

Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, local varieties. Medium-late maturity. Plants creeping growth, branching, vigorous growth. Leaves are palmate pentagonal, lobed, dark green, with white spots at the vein crossings. The length of the stem is about 9m, and the main vine bears melons above the 15th section. The melon is mallet-shaped, like a camel's neck, 45-50cm long, 12-16cm in diameter, with a dark green skin, with wax powder, the old mature melon black, the surface has 10 light green longitudinal stripes. Melon flesh orange-yellow, flesh small, single melon weight 2 ~ 3kg, thick flesh, dense, less water content, sweet taste, good quality. It is cold-resistant, heat-resistant, barrenness-resistant and disease-resistant. Yield 37,500kg/km^2, suitable for planting in North China.

20. Goose neck pumpkin

Central Hebei Province, local varieties. The plant growth potential is strong, branching medium. Stem creeping, light green. Leaves are heart-shaped, lobed, 22cm long and 26cm wide, and the first female flower is borne in the 15th to 18th section of the main vine. The head of the melon is large, and the abdomen is thinly curved, resembling the neck of a goose. The melon is 65cm long, 10cm across the stem, and the skin is yellowish brown with dark green longitudinal stripes. The flesh of the melon is thick, yellow, sweet, soft-faced and of good quality. Only the head of the melon has a small number of seeds, seeds white, very large, thousand grains weight about 175g. single melon weight more than 4kg. Heat-resistant, drought-resistant, strong resistance to diseases and pests. The growing period is about 130d. Yield 37,500kg/km^2, suitable for planting in North China.

21.Guilin cow leg pumpkin

Guilin City, Guangxi Autonomous Region local varieties. Medium maturity. Vine thin, weak branching force. Leaves smaller, melon cow leg-shaped, 60cm long, 15cm wide in the middle, near the fruit stalk part of the solid, about 3/4 of the whole melon length, melon cavity is small. Young melon skin color dark green, rough, there are tumors and bulging longitudinal lines, like toad skin; old ripe melon reddish-yellow, with white wax powder, single melon weight 2.5 ~ 3.5kg. seed elongated, thousand grains weight 121g. heat-resistant, non-resistant to powdery mildew, fertilizer and water requirements are high.

Figure 17-1 Some germplasm resources of Chinese pumpkin

1.Large-grained naked kernel pumpkin 2.Honey jujube pumpkin 3.Honeybourne pumpkin 4.Ox-legged fengyuan 5.Zengsheng pumpkin 6.Eighteen-pronged northern pumpkin 7.Huangwolf pumpkin 8.Guizhou small green pumpkin 9.Mangy pumpkin 10.Mangyuan No.1 11.Mangyuan No.4

22.Zengsheng pumpkin

Shanxi Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences Vegetable Research Institute. Late maturity. Plants trailing, vigorous growth, strong branching. Leaf blade pentagonal, leaf margin fully serrated, leaf surface white spot more and big. The main and lateral vines all bear melons. The first female flowers are borne at the 18th to 20th nodes. The melon is long curved cylindrical, curved neck is solid, with much wax powder and shallow ribs. The melon skin is yellowish brown, the flesh is golden yellow, the flesh is fine, sweet and of good quality. Seed weight 100g, 120d from planting to harvesting, strong resistance to diseases and pests, good drought tolerance. Drought resistance is good. Yield 30,000 to 37,500kg/km^2.

23.Honeybourne pumpkin

Generation of hybrids cultivated by Shantou City, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, Baysha Vegetable Primary Seed Research Institute. Plants trailing, vigorous growth, strong branching. The leaf blade is obtuse palmate, with irregular silvery-white markings at the junction of the leaf veins. The stem is thicker. The first female flowers are borne at the 18th to 22nd nodes of the main vine. The melon is mallet-shaped, the top of the melon is enlarged, and the seeds are few and concentrated in the enlarged part of the melon. The ripe melon skin is orange-yellow with irregular yellow markings and spots. The flesh is thick, orange-red, sweet and delicate, with good quality. The weight of a single melon is 3kg, and the yield is 30,000kg/km^2.