Special Folk Customs in Nanjing

Folk Quyi. Brocade workers began to entertain themselves by singing folk songs, minor and folk songs in Nanjing dialect in the Ming Dynasty, and gradually developed into folk music. Because singers don't get paid, they sing for nothing, hence the name "White Match". The tunes commonly used in Nanjing White Bureau mainly include Manjianghong, Yinniu Temple, Chuanxin Tune, Bamboo Board, Dresser, Flower Arrangement, Xiahe Tune and Hanyang Tune. , forming a combination of Qupai. There are nearly 100 tracks, which mainly reflect real life. For example, the bitterness of the computer room is the complaint of brocade workers against their own sufferings, while the official grabbing rice and the legislator beating people reflect the two waves that occurred in Nanjing in the 24 th year of Guangxu and the 8 th year of the Republic of China. After the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, "Nanjing White Bureau" declined with the decline of brocade industry. After 1949, a professional troupe was established, and now there are only a few amateur singers.

Nanjing vernacular

Folk Quyi. Crosstalk is spoken in Nanjing, so it is also called "Nanjing Crosstalk". Popular in Nanjing and its adjacent areas, it is said that it began in the 1930s. At first, it was just a simple imitation of cross talk, and then it gradually developed. Crosstalk uses the third person, and Nanjing dialect uses the first person, so the actors become the people in the play, so acting is more important than speaking. Representative tracks include old acquaintance, ensuring your satisfaction, debt, temple style, new business style and so on. Now, "Nanjing Vernacular" programs are often published and broadcast in newspapers, radio stations and TV stations, which are quite popular with readers, listeners and viewers.

Nanjing Pinghua

Folk Quyi. Nanjing has a long history of recording commentary. Liu Jingting, a famous storyteller in the late Ming Dynasty, lived in Nanjing for a long time. Nanjing Pinghua is also called Pinghua Ci. According to legend, "speaking good books" began in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and reached its peak in the late Qing and early Republic of China. Popular in Nanjing and its neighboring areas, it once flowed into Nanjing. Nanjing Pinghua is mainly long, and its main repertoires include Three Kingdoms, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Water Margin and Yue Fei Biography. Paying equal attention to "speaking" and "acting", the book is often interspersed with many Nanjing customs, historical anecdotes and places of interest, full of strong local color. Nanjing Pinghua has been declining in recent years, but there are still professional actors who insist on performing.

Huaxianggu

Folk songs and dances. Popular in Nanjing and Yangzhou. Legend began in the Ming Dynasty and reached its peak in the late Qing Dynasty. Because dancers hold flower drums, it is named. It is also called "jumping queen" because it was originally to worship and pray for the goddess, and it is also called "phoenix dance" because the main action is named after the dynamic phoenix bird. The dance is accompanied by percussion instruments such as gongs, drums, cymbals and cymbals, and "drum words" are sung. The main movements are "Phoenix worshiping", "Phoenix nodding", "Feng Dan facing the sun", "Phoenix spreading its wings", "Phoenix shaking its hair" and "Phoenix flying in all directions". After 1949, the flower drum became a popular folk dance and was absorbed into the famous national dance dramas "Knife Meeting" and "Leifeng Pagoda". The tune of "drum words" sung became the tune of Yangju Opera.

jump dangdang

Folk dance. Also known as "Dragon and Phoenix will win". Popular in Lishui County, Nanjing, it is said that it began in the Ming Dynasty. In the past, performances were performed every year from the first day of the first lunar month to the sixteenth of the first lunar month. The dance movements basically maintain a "horse stance" with two legs and a half squatting. The upper body is slightly tilted, the arms are always straight, the movements are stretched, the stride is large, and there are still movements, which obviously retains the charm of Chinese martial arts. The main actions are Meet Three Stars, Crossing the Dam, Birds at the Phoenix, Phoenix Nodding Three, Rhino Looking at the Moon, Cleaning up Dead Trees, and Boy Worshipping Guanyin. The whole performance lineup is arranged in a gossip shape, accompanied by gongs and drums, and there is no singing, which is similar to the martial arts scene where gongs and drums cheer.

induce perspiration

Sacrificial dance, also known as "jumping table". Spread in Liuhe county and its adjacent areas in Nanjing. This dance is part of the incense god, and it is a solo dance. Xiangtongzi plays Wang Lingguan and gives the watch (that is, the official document) to the gods. Dancers are singing and dancing with flower drums in their hands. The dancing footwork has strong jumping ability, and it keeps jumping from beginning to end. The footwork is flexible. Dance requires linear movement, simple and powerful, clean, flexible and smooth. Every time an action is completed, there is an obvious short appearance, which highlights the unique temperament of this dance.

Sparrow jump (Fangshan drum)

Folk dance. Because it simulates sparrow jumping as the main action, it is named sparrow jumping. Because it began to be popular in Fangshan Township, Jiangning County, Nanjing, it is also called Fangshan Drum. According to legend, it was brought by Henan immigrants in the late Ming Dynasty. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is the heyday of the development of "jumping sparrow". "China's farmland system" enables farmers to own land, and after the autumn harvest every year, they jump "sparrow jump" to celebrate the bumper harvest. The array in the dance is also similar to some arrays used by Taiping Army in the battle. Big gongs and drums are not only props in dance, but also accompaniment instruments. The basic movements and drums of this dance are "753", spreading wings, pecking rice, shining wings and holding nests. When dancing, your knees are always squatting on the drum, imitating the shape of sparrows jumping, and your knees are flexed and stretched, driving your body to fluctuate up and down and jumping around the drum greatly. The whole dance has a clear rhythm, vivid action image, vigorous and brave, lively and enthusiastic. In recent years, "Jumping Sparrows" are often performed in large-scale celebrations and are deeply loved by the masses.

gaochun yang cavity mulian opera

This is an ancient opera. With Gaochun County in Nanjing as the center, it spreads in Lishui, Liyang, Yixing, Jiangning and Jurong in Jiangsu and langxi, Guangde, Xuancheng and Dangtu in Anhui. Mu Lian Opera, known as "Xi Niang", is spread all over the country. According to legend, Yang Qiang Mulian Opera in Gaochun, which started in the Yuan Dynasty, is a unique drama that only plays Mulian Opera. This ancient drama with a history of more than 600 years has never had a professional actor or a professional troupe. All the actors and musicians are temporary farmers and workers. Gao Chun's Yang Qiang Manglietia plays, including Taicheng, Nine Pictures and Manglietia, are all stories about performing Manglietia.

Hongshan opera

Local opera. Originated in Liuhe County, Nanjing, it spread in Yizheng, Jiangning and Jurong in Jiangsu and Tianchang, Lai 'an and Xuyi in Anhui. Also known as Xiang Opera and Tong Zi Opera, it evolved from Hongshan Xiang Shen. Founded at the end of 19, there was a professional troupe at the beginning of the 20th century. The tunes of Hongshan Opera are composed of basic tunes (seven-character cross), divine comedy, couplets and miscellaneous songs, mostly rap tunes with one word and one cavity. Singing apprentice songs accompanied by orchestral music, with gongs and drums and occasional chorus, belongs to banqiang. The performance of Hongshan Opera is rough, simple, lively and humorous, with a distinctive and rich local style.

diabolo

Also known as "shaking the empty bell", "shaking the empty Zheng" and "shaking the buzzing", it is a traditional folk toy. It evolved from a gyro, which refers to a diabolo toy that vibrates and buzzes in the air.

The shape of diabolo rotating in the air can be divided into uniaxial and biaxial. The shafts are hollow, and there are four or five on each shaft. The sawdust in the hole is used as a flute to make sound. A cylindrical handle is connected to the shaft, and the middle section of the handle is slightly thinner. The game is to hang diabolo on the strings at the top of two sticks, and the player can pull a stick back and forth with each hand, which can produce rotation and make a "buzzing" sound with the speed. When it turns to a certain speed, players can also throw it into the air, make various tricks, and then catch it. His tricks include "kite turning over", "swallow flying in the clouds", "ringing pigeon bells", "climbing the cross", "throwing high", "Zhang Fei deceiving the horse" and "monkey climbing the pole". Among them, some of the skills of "throwing high" can actually throw diabolo into the air dozens of feet high, waiting for its whereabouts to be taken over by the shaking line, which is accurate and can be called a must.

During the Spring Festival, diabolos can be seen for sale in Confucius Temple. In Nanjing's civic square, such as the Ming Palace Ruins Park and Confucius Temple, middle-aged and elderly people who have been exercising for three to five days often learn skills while shaking diabolo.

Skip five cabins

Originated in Shang Dynasty more than 3000 years ago. The "five cabins" are evil spirits, who often do bad things in the world, stealing, robbing, setting fire and molesting women; But they also like practical jokes. They returned the things stolen from the Zhang family to the Li family. If someone likes it, give him everything. The people are both afraid and respectful of the "five cabins", so they are sacrificed to make them happy and give themselves a blessing. On the other hand, Zhu Yuanzhang, the great ancestor of Ming Dynasty, seized the country and established the Daming regime in Nanjing, and was awarded the title of hero, but he forgot the dead officials and people. These dead ghosts complained to him about their merits. So Zhu Yuanzhang came up with five ghosts, East, South, West, North and Middle, which were summarized as "five cabins" for the people to hold activities to commemorate. Gao Chun danced "five huts" with a set of procedures: villagers dressed in ancient costumes either picked baskets, carried flags, knocked gongs or drums to create a lively and festive scene, and then the main characters appeared one by one. First, five strong men dressed in five-color canopies and five-color costumes entered the arena; Then four people dressed in colorful clothes and masks dressed as Taoist priests, land lords, monks and judges entered the venue; Followed by five "five cabins" wearing armor, shouldering Jin Ling and holding double knives. These performers are dressed in five colors (that is, representing the five heavens and the earth and combining the five colors of wood, fire, gold, water and earth), wearing five-color masks and holding five-color tools, doing strange dance movements in the sound of gongs and drums, or walking, dancing, lying or jumping, giving people an ancient sense of magic. This activity is still held in Hanqiao Village, Dingbu Town, Gaochun.

Flying boring performance

Flying boring performance is a folk sports activity and one of the folk martial arts projects. Nanjing area, mainly Liuhe County, has a broad mass base.

Flying boring, originally an ancient weapon, is one of the weapons used in China Wushu for a long time. It is shaped like a fork, with a double-edged sword at the front end, like a sword tip, about eight or nine inches long, with teeth on the left and right, bent upward, and the fork head is embedded with a handle, which is six or seven feet long. There is a triangular iron drill at the end of the handle, called a "bottle", which is used to hit the frame. Because it is long and heavy, it is a heavy weapon in long weapons. Today, it has evolved into a performance tool for people's fitness and entertainment.

Flying boring, a folk art, has developed well in Liuhe. Not only male athletes, but also female athletes, and some elderly people who are close to the flower also participated in the boring performance of flying.

Dragon dances are held in Nanjing during the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival and other festive days. Dragon Dance Lantern, also called Dragon Dance Lantern, is a folk dance. It has a long history and various forms.

Dance dragon lantern

The folk custom of dragon lantern dance originated from ancient people's worship of dragons. The ancients regarded the dragon as a sacred object that can call the wind and rain, and danced the dragon to pray for the blessing of the dragon.

Dragon dance is generally made of grass, wood, bamboo, cloth, paper and other materials, and each section is different, mostly singular, for good luck. In addition to color difference, there is also a "Louvre Dragon" composed of lotus flowers and butterflies; A "bench dragon" made of wooden benches; "Grass Dragon" made of straw; "Bulong" made of cloth paste. The candle burning in the dragon is called "dragon lantern", and the incense is "dragon" or "fragrant dragon".

Nanjing's dragon lanterns are the most unique in shape and performance style, including the dragon lanterns in Lishui County and Qixia Dragon Dance.

Play with stone shoulders and locks.

Stone bear is cut into two circles with bluestone (grinding shape), with a round hole in the middle, which is installed at both ends of bamboo pole. The distance between two huge stones is generally between 1.6m and 2m. Practitioners hold the stick with one or both hands, grasp the stone shoulder and put it on the arch of the foot. Sometimes it turns slowly, sometimes it sinks and stands up again. There are many names for playing with stone shoulders: topping flowers, pushing flowers, piercing flowers, lifting with one arm, fairy carrying fibers, and throwing lotus leaves in the wind. The weight of stone bears ranges from 80 kilograms to more than 200 kilograms. Stone locks are also rectangular stones carved with bluestone, and a round handle is chiseled on the upper side of the long side, which looks like an old lock. Stone locks generally weigh thirty or forty kilograms. Grasp with one hand and do all kinds of actions when playing. Its action modes are: single dragon, double dragon, Tota, front lock, rear lock, elbow support, back fiber, moon-facing, etc. Stan Shishuo also has two people and four people to practice.

It is said that the activity of carrying stones and locking stones in Nanjing began in the Ming Dynasty, and folk martial arts celebrities from Shandong, Henan and other places performed in Jiangpu County and were collected and circulated. Now, as the content of rural mass sports activities, it is being vigorously promoted and popularized.