How to Construct Ecological Classroom in Colleges and Universities

First, the definition of efficient ecological classroom

What is ecology? The word ecology now usually refers to the living conditions of living things. It refers to the survival and development state of organisms in a certain natural environment, and also refers to their physiological characteristics and living habits. The word ecology comes from ancient Greek, which means home or our environment. Simply put, ecology refers to the living conditions of all living things and the interlocking relationship between them and their environment. The word "ecology" covers a wide range. People often use "ecology" to define many beautiful things, such as health, beauty, harmony and so on.

What is an ecological classroom? Ecological classroom refers to a classroom in which students' development is the main body, various ecological factors are organically combined and developed in a coordinated way, and then a rich learning atmosphere of mutual stimulation, participation, questioning and exploration is generated, and teachers and students develop together, continuously and harmoniously unconsciously.

What is an efficient classroom? Efficient classroom is the abbreviation of efficient classroom or efficient classroom. As the name implies, it refers to a classroom where the efficiency or effect of education and teaching can reach a fairly high goal. Specifically, it refers to the establishment of an efficient and effective classroom with high influence and social benefits in education and teaching on the basis of effective classroom. Efficient classroom is the highest realm of efficient classroom, and efficient classroom is based on efficient teaching.

What is an efficient ecological classroom? The organic integration of efficient classroom and ecological classroom is called efficient ecological classroom.

Rousseau said: education must follow nature-that is, follow its nature, otherwise it will inevitably lead to the result of broken nature. Nature is harmonious, the relationship between teachers and students is harmonious, teaching and learning are harmonious, subjects are harmonious, in-class and out-of-class are harmonious, teaching objectives, contents, methods and means are harmonious, education and teaching are harmonious, teachers and students will grow naturally in harmony, and teachers' leading spirit and students' subjective spirit will be fully brought into play. Let our classroom give children free development space, give children a world full of true feelings and feelings, and give children feelings for nature. There is no bonsai entanglement, and there is no training whipping. The teacher's words are full of poetry, such as spring breeze and rain, which moisten children's hearts; The teacher's smile is warm, like sunshine and warmth, which warms the child's heart.

Second, improve the ecological environment of education and promote the balanced development of education.

In recent years, in order to create a good ecological environment for school education, departments at all levels have made great efforts in standardizing school construction, rationally allocating educational resources, building campus culture, and rectifying the order around the campus. These practices have indeed achieved certain results. If you haven't noticed, it's refreshing to walk into schools at all levels, clean campuses and spacious school buildings. However, it is embarrassing that these good external environments have not really translated into the quality of education. When it comes to education, we can only show off that we are a big country in education, but we are not a big country in education anyway. The reason is often puzzling. Recently, the discussion on education in the "Humanities Lecture" of Reading Week is eye-catching. Mr. Zhou is a philosopher that everyone especially likes. He likes it because reading his books can always inspire people, and he has a feeling of being suddenly enlightened in all kinds of fog. He believes that the mission of educational institutions and educators is to provide the best ecological environment for students' growth. The so-called best ecological environment mainly has two meanings: one is freedom, and the other is a good teacher. Take the growth of plants as an example. Freedom means plenty of sunshine and water, and teachers are gardeners.

Seeing this, some people will say that a good teacher is necessary, but can it be given to students? Not to mention that government departments are worried that freedom will lead to chaos or even liberalization, parents will not agree. They will say, today's children, you force them to study every day, they still can't do it, and you dare to set him free! The reason why parents have such an attitude is because there is a popular wrong view in our society, that is, the student era is only regarded as a preparation stage of life, and its full value seems to be only to prepare for the future society. Our basic education today is basically dominated by this wrong view, mercilessly depriving children of their childhood and youth in the name of the future. Rousseau said: It is cruel to deprive the present for an uncertain future. Zhou believes that this practice actually deprives the future. If a person is unhappy in childhood and youth, his uncertain future is doomed. So what is education and what kind of environment should we provide for education? I think we should think from the following points.

1. Educational ecological evaluation system. Regarding education, Rousseau believes that education is growth. Education is not to force some abilities into people's containers from the outside. These abilities already exist in human nature. Education only provides a good environment for their normal growth. Dewey further elaborated Rousseau's point of view. He said: This means that growth is an end in itself, and there is no other purpose before growth, such as adapting to society, seeking career and achieving something in the future. Of course, things like job hunting are not unnecessary, but they are not the purpose of growth. As long as you grow up well and become an excellent person, those things will be solved naturally. Therefore, we should not use a narrow utilitarian scale to measure education. What yardstick is used to measure education? We should use the scale of human nature to see whether education can make students' nature and innate ability grow healthily, including sympathy, curiosity, thinking and feeling ability and so on. In other words, it can be said that education should lay a good foundation for a happy and meaningful life. How can we lay a good foundation? It is very simple, that is, to see whether the educated's life is happy and meaningful. From the perspective of growth, every stage of life has its own value, and the value of each stage should be realized. If the growth of people's internal endowment is the essence of education, then education should provide external freedom for this growth. The first meaning of external freedom is free time. In Greek, school means leisure. For the Greeks, going to school means getting rid of daily affairs and having enough leisure to experience and meditate. It is in this kind of idleness that people's mental ability grows up. Look at us. Nowadays, many parents and teachers force their children to do endless homework in order to let them learn more knowledge and skills, which leads to their loss of curiosity and thirst for knowledge. Children's spiritual world is poor and narrow. Isn't it forcing them to misuse time? Another meaning of external freedom is freedom of thought and speech. At school, it is academic freedom. Schools should provide a relaxed and tolerant environment for students to think and study independently. And how well we have done in this regard is obvious to all. If this problem is not solved, cultivating innovative talents and building an educational power can only be empty talk.

2. Give students an ecological educational environment. An important aspect of the ecological environment of education is to have good teachers. Teachers can be said to be the most important environment for students to learn. Everyone may have no objection to this. But how to do it in practical work is debatable. The key is how to judge a teacher. A high degree is not necessarily a good teacher. A good teacher must be a scholar with lofty thoughts and active thinking. Teachers must impart knowledge, but more importantly, the atmosphere formed by their own qualities has a more essential impact on students. Another aspect is to have good schools. What is a good school? A school with a group of good teachers is a good school. What is a prestigious school? That is, there is a famous school principal who understands education and has a discerning eye, who has gathered a group of famous teachers with good character and high knowledge and brought out a group of outstanding students with excellent academic performance. This is a famous school. For example, Peking University in Cai Yuanpei's time and Tsinghua in Mei Yiqi's time are all good here. Therefore, schools should be able to provide students with the best things, one is a free and relaxed environment, and the other is a teacher with excellent academic performance. With these two things, there will be no worries about cultivating outstanding talents. Excellent talents are grown, not cultivated. Schools should provide enough sunshine for the healthy growth of students, at least don't block the sunshine. That's what philosopher diogenes said to Alexander the Great: "Don't block my sunshine."

3. Give students equal educational resources. At present, the allocation of educational resources in jingshan county will remain unbalanced for a long time. For example, the differences between urban and rural areas, north and south, teachers, students and funds all restrict the development of education and ecological balance to a certain extent. To solve these problems, it is necessary for government departments and education authorities to make joint efforts, boldly explore and innovate, find a road that conforms to local characteristics, maximize the management and utilization of educational resources, and further promote the balanced development of county education. Only in this way can our students enjoy a fair education, our education can be called ecological education, and our education can be full of vigor and vitality.

Third, build an ecological campus and strive for people's satisfaction education.

The key to building a school ecological campus lies in school management, and the essence of management lies in giving full play to people's value, potential and personality. Especially in the era when knowledge economy calls for innovative education, school management should give full play to people's enthusiasm, initiative and creativity, and highlight the scientific, emotional and orderly management. As a principal, how to grasp the ecological campus construction of the school and strive to be a satisfactory education for the people? In my opinion, nothing more than starting from the following points.

1, moral education first, highlighting a word "love". Schools should always put moral education at the top of all their work. Schools should establish three "kindness" consciousness among school leaders and teachers around the concept of "sunshine of love is all over the campus": be kind to every colleague, every student and every parent; It is necessary to carry out two projects among teachers, namely, the image project of "teaching ethics and learning style" and the project of "caring and helping". It is necessary to formulate a "teacher image convention" and an evaluation and reward system, publicly promise to the society that teachers are not allowed to do ten things, and schools are not allowed to do ten things, so as to establish a good teacher image. It is necessary to implement "subjective moral education" among students, carry out experiential moral education activities and cultivate students' love. For example, the Young Pioneers of the school regularly organize students to carry out colorful experiential moral education activities, such as the red scarf bazaar in Jingshan Primary School, which is very good. It can make students experience, feel, realize and educate themselves in the theme education full of "love" and promote the cultivation of students' love. Schools can also start with cultivating students to love their parents, classmates, teachers and the collective, and can carry out loving activities such as "being a mom and dad for a day", "visiting poor students' homes" and "investigating teachers' life for a day" to experience the hardships of never understanding their parents; From looking down on poor classmates to feeling sympathetic and helpful; From hating teachers to respecting and loving teachers; The fundamental change from "want me to do" to "I want to do" The practice of "love" education can make students go out of their families and schools, go deep into the community to visit veterans and heroes, and visit the elderly in nursing homes. Schools can also organize students to experience life in military camps and invite "fire drills into the campus", so that students can witness and experience with their own eyes and cultivate their feelings of loving the society and the motherland.

As long as this kind of love for teaching is consciously and constantly grasped, it will certainly form an atmosphere in which everyone loves teaching, works hard, is brave in innovation and is willing to contribute; It will certainly form an atmosphere of civility, good habits, excellent quality and willingness to learn among students. Between cadres and the masses, between teachers and students, between students and between schools and parents, there is bound to be a democratic, equal and harmonious development atmosphere.

2, people-oriented, highlighting a word "love". Schools should establish an educational concept centered on "three books", that is, "teaching is people-oriented, schools are teachers-oriented, and teachers are students-oriented", fully respect, trust and rely on teachers, create a relaxed management environment, and create a democratic, harmonious, honest and harmonious management atmosphere. Schools should adopt the strategy of "ruthless system and affectionate operation", respect teachers' emotional needs, stimulate teachers' enthusiasm for work with true feelings, establish a harmonious relationship between cadres and the masses, achieve the best effect of "silent management and self-management", form a strong collective, and achieve the management realm of "self-motivation without flogging", so that schools can present a humanized, scientific and efficient management pattern.

3. Build a platform and highlight the word "real". Schools should take school-based training as the starting point and implement "five major projects" in the construction of teachers, namely "image project, famous teacher project, brain strengthening project, information literacy project and reflective teacher project".

Image project: it is carried out by the school in the new era and new background to enhance the connotation of teachers' morality and establish a good teacher image.

Master program: aimed at training teachers. First, do a good job in training new teachers and urge them to meet the post requirements as soon as possible; Second, do a good job in training key teachers and promote the growth of outstanding educational talents; Third, it is necessary to establish a teaching system, equip new teachers with instructors, implement the "one-on-one" mentoring project, give full play to the role of backbone teachers and old teachers, accelerate the growth of new teachers, and form an excellent teaching team.

Rich brain project: the school should require teachers to make continuing education plans according to the actual situation, check and implement them at the end of the year, and incorporate their achievements into individual quantitative assessment; Encourage teachers to participate in various forms of correspondence, self-study exams and professional training, give priority and special care in terms of funds and time, and build a team of learning teachers.

Information technology engineering: Schools should try their best to improve modern campus equipment, build an active and feasible platform for teachers to systematically learn computer and network knowledge, and provide teachers with all-round learning resources.

Reflective teacher project: the school should train teachers by means of educational narrative, special forum series lectures, and topic research, so that teachers can feel, learn, improve and grow in reflection. Teachers are required to find problems or bright spots according to classroom teaching practice, write teaching essays regularly or irregularly, guide teachers to observe and reflect on the teaching situation, find problems, analyze the causes of problems and discuss with them. On the premise of preparing lessons carefully, each grade group determines one or two teachers to teach a seminar every week. After class, the instructor will state the teaching design, listen to the teacher's comments, and finally the instructor will write an educational narrative, so as to realize that "learning begins with demand, reflection begins with classroom, and transcendence begins with inquiry". On this basis, a special forum is held, and the theme of the forum comes from teachers' reflective narration.

Fourth, create an efficient ecological classroom and improve the quality of education and teaching.

Zhou, a famous special-grade teacher, has always explained the ecological classroom in this way: the ecological classroom is a green classroom, and harmony and balance are the fundamental characteristics of the ecological classroom. We know that human development should be not only comprehensive and personalized, but also sustainable and lifelong. Therefore, it is imperative to call for ecological education, create a dynamic ecological classroom, and let life be fully stretched. So how can we pursue the harmony between people, people and environment, people and learning content in classroom learning, so as to build a harmonious, democratic, equal, positive and natural efficient ecological classroom?

I think we can work hard in the following aspects:

1, efficient ecological classroom, teacher guidance, students' autonomy and harmony. Students are the masters of learning and the main body of the classroom; Teachers are the organizers and guides of learning activities and the leaders of the classroom. One-sided emphasis on one aspect is against the teaching law. The most important requirements of an efficient ecological classroom are: learning as the guide and harmonious coexistence between teachers and students. I remember once listening to a class, the teacher asked the students to read the text and asked, "What questions do the students want to ask? Please write your questions on the blackboard. " Therefore, the whole blackboard is students' problems, and some problems are worthless. The teacher spent a whole class asking the students to solve these problems. It seems that teachers are democratic and students are independent, but in fact, the guiding role of teachers is vague. "Teachers follow students" and "herding sheep" in teaching are for formal autonomy. If, after the students ask questions, the teacher follows the students' instructions, let the students discuss and clarify simple questions in cooperation first, and then grasp one or two key questions that "affect the whole body" and guide the students to read, and realize that "subject" and "leading" are complementary, a harmonious ecological classroom can be established. After observing the famous teacher's class, I deeply understand that it is sad to ignore the students' "autonomous" teaching, and it is terrible to dilute the teacher's "guidance" teaching. Only when students' "autonomy" and teachers' "guidance" are harmonious and unified can the classroom be efficient and ecological.

2. Efficient ecological classroom, students appreciate each other and live in harmony. We often hear the teacher's inspiration: "What do you think of his reading?" As a result, the students criticized the classmate who had just finished reading, which was neither good nor good, and he couldn't lift his head. In group cooperative learning, we often see some students sitting on the bench, unable to get in touch with their speeches, and no one accepts them in the activities; Especially when I choose my partner to study, I always see someone sitting in the seat. These are all manifestations of disharmony between middle school students and students in the classroom. Teachers should be good at guiding students to learn to appreciate and live in harmony. Taking reading as an example, it is beneficial for students to learn to evaluate. Can you ask, "What do you think he did best and what is worth learning?" What else can he improve? "Ecological classroom should be mutual understanding and harmonious coexistence between individuals and the whole, and between individuals. In the ecological classroom, we should bid farewell to discrimination and advocate equality. Everyone should be upward, and everyone should reflect the vitality of life. Students accept each other; Every member is a valuable member and should enjoy status, respect, basic rights, rights and obligations; Regardless of their learning attitude and academic achievements, they should care about each other. Ecological classroom is a pure and happy state and the most beautiful poem in the world. American scholar ridley pointed out: In the classroom environment, students' thoughts and thinking can run freely, and different thoughts and contradictory views can collide freely. "Nonsense" will not be discriminated against; "Fantastic" will not be laughed at. Which student doesn't like such an ecological class?

3, efficient ecological classroom, students' individual body and mind are transparent, natural, quiet and harmonious. Every student is an independent, self-contained and vital ecological microenvironment, which needs not only "ecological balance" but also "ecological protection" This is love and respect for the life world. Create an ecological classroom, so that students can attend classes with a peaceful attitude every day, without anxiety, depression and loneliness, adjust their body and mind, penetrate their hearts, and treat their daily study with a beautiful attitude. Nowadays, students' psychology is not very healthy, accounting for a considerable proportion. Those students who are unwilling to study, make trouble, or even do things that violate the law and discipline are often psychologically unhealthy and discordant. This has attracted more and more attention. In class, we should respect life, children and students' inner development needs. Let nature take its course and make the best use of the situation to create a natural and relaxed environment for children to grow up freely. On this basis, students' talents are gradually discovered, and then targeted fertilization and irrigation are carried out. The so-called "doing nothing is good, knowing well." The over-exploitation that ignores children's individual needs will pay a greater price than destroying the natural ecology. Of course, the content of efficient ecological classroom is far more than that, which is just my superficial understanding of it. A good lesson, like a symphony, always pays attention to the harmony and unity of melody, rhythm, orchestration and sound, to borrow a word from the famous special-grade teacher Wang Songzhou. In the classroom, teachers and students should be harmonious, people and literature should be harmonious, emotion and reason should be harmonious, guidance and interpretation should be harmonious, thinking and understanding should be harmonious, and knowledge and practice should be harmonious. ...