Is Xiao Focheng surnamed Xiao or Xiao in the history of the Republic of China?

Xiao Focheng, an overseas Chinese leader in the Revolution of 1911.

Xiao Focheng (1862— 1939), also known as Tieqiao, was born in Bangkok. His ancestral home is Shuyang, Nanjing County, and he is a descendant of Xiao Rizhong, the top scholar who went to Fujian as governor from Jiangxi during Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. Xiao's ancestors fled to Taiwan Province in the late Ming Dynasty because of their failure to fight against the Qing Dynasty and regain their sight. Taiwan Province Province moved to Malacca after its return to the Qing Dynasty. /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, my ancestors moved from Malacca to Siam (now Thailand), where they made a fortune in business.

Xiao Focheng received a traditional education from China, and his teacher Gao was a military adviser to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. After his failure, he fled to Siam. Under the influence of teachers, young Xiao Focheng is full of national revolutionary thoughts. Long and qualified as a local lawyer.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Bernard Shaw was the president of Siam Branch of China League, and founded Siam Newspapers in Bangkok with the purpose of propagating revolution. In the early years of the Republic of China, he served as an executive member of the Kuomintang Central Committee, a supervisory member of the Kuomintang Central Committee, and a member of the National Government.

Establish newspapers and periodicals to publicize revolutionary public opinion

1888, Xiao Focheng joined the Siam "triad" at the age of 27. In order to make the underworld a combative anti-Qing organization, Xiao and other progressives set up the Siam branch of the Guangfu Association. From 65438 to 0899, the Guangfu Association published the first anti-Qing newspaper, China Daily, which had a great influence on Xiao Focheng. Xiao contacted the staff of The China Journal and planned to start a revolutionary newspaper in Bangkok. /kloc-In 0/9, South China Daily was founded in Bangkok with the help of Chen Jinghua, the magistrate of Guangxi who offended Cen Chunxuan, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and fled overseas. Later, due to economic problems, the newspaper was reorganized into Menan Daily. Soon, the Qing royalists entered Siam, and Meinan Daily was divided into two factions: revolutionaries and royalists. Xiao Focheng and Chen Jinghua were sent by the police, so in 1907, they concentrated their efforts on the establishment of Siam New Newspaper in China, with Xiao Shi as the president, Chen Jinghua as the editor-in-chief, and Xiao Shi's daughter as the editor-in-chief of Siam edition. They devoted themselves to promoting towel China culture, propagating revolution and improving the situation of overseas Chinese, and became an important mouthpiece of Siam China. After its establishment, it fought against the royalist Qinan Newspaper and the anti-Kuomintang newspaper founded by Liu in the early Republic of China. 1June, 925, the "Shaji Massacre" occurred in Guangzhou. Siam New Newspaper was forcibly suspended by Siam authorities for publishing anti-British remarks, and Xiao Focheng was also arrested and imprisoned. After Xiao was released, the newspaper talent 1926 was approved to reissue it on September 15. From 1929, the Overseas Chinese Daily, sponsored by Xiong, is similar in speech to the Siam New China Newspaper, but it tries to reform in content, which dwarfs the Siam New China Newspaper. Coupled with internal division, it is convenient to stop publishing at 1932. Since its establishment 25 years ago, Warwick New Newspaper has spared no effort to publicize the democratic revolution and become an important public opinion position to publicize the Revolution of 1911 and the revolutionary struggle after the recovery, which has far-reaching influence in Siam society. Chen Shumu, the main member of Siam New Newspaper, took over the Morning Bell Daily after it stopped publishing.

Follow the backbone of the prime minister's revolution

At the beginning of the 20th century, China's cession politics changed greatly, and the overseas Chinese society was also impacted, especially the Siamese Chinese society. On the eve of the Revolution of 1911, key figures from all over Southeast Asia took an active part in the revolution and acted as a small Buddha city in Siam.

According to the Chronicle of Sun Yat-sen, "from 1902 to 1903, Dr. Sun Yat-sen came to Bangkok from Saigon and got to know Xiao Focheng, Shen Diansi, and how." Encouraged, Xiao Focheng was loyal to Dr. Sun Yat-sen from now on. 1908165438+10 In October, when Sun Yat-sen and Hu arrived in Vero from Singapore, they used the former site of Xiao Focheng's Huatui New Newspaper as the external liaison and command organ. Dr. Sun Yat-sen delivered a public speech to hundreds of revolutionaries and patriotic overseas Chinese after he arrived at the Fake China Hall. Romanian authorities prohibited Sun from engaging in public political activities. After Sun Yat-sen argued for dealing with Xiao Focheng, the authorities agreed to send Sun back to Singapore in 65438+February 65438+April. It was during this precious time that the Siam branch of the China League was established. The meeting was held in the upstairs of China Newspaper, and Xiaofo was elected as the president and secretary of the branch. Xiao Focheng forged a friendship with Hu and actively carried out revolutionary work to raise funds for revolutionary activities. Xiao Focheng claimed: "Although the Prime Minister is away from Siam. But it is becoming more and more revolutionary, with an initial number of about two people. " At this time, youth league branches were established in all ports.

Members of Siam League donated money for the revolution. From 1907 to April 1908, Sun Yat-sen spent more than HK$ 200,000 in six uprisings in southwest China, of which HK$ 60,000 was donated by China people who suppressed Anhe Luo. 19 1 1 year, Guangzhou's "March 29th" uprising swept away180,000 yuan, of which one sixth came from Yue and Vietnam. When the Republic of China was founded and Sun Yat-sen became the interim president, Siamese Chinese raised money at the Chinese Club in Bangkok, and in a few days, they raised more than 400,000 yuan to support the Nanjing interim government.

Unswervingly ask Yuan to oppose the warlords.

In the early years of the Republic of China (1912-1924), the domestic political situation was changeable, and factions were numerous and capricious. The second revolution carried out by Sun Yat-sen and his revolutionaries was first to crusade against Yuan Shikai's autocracy, and then to oppose the extortion of warlords. In this case, some revolutionaries who took part in the anti-Qing struggle continued to struggle, some were passively alienated, and some were rebels. There are also two barriers in Chinese society in Siam to support Sun Yat-sen and Chen (played by Chen Jiongming). Xiao Focheng firmly supports Sun Yat-sen's position of seeking yuan and opposing warlords. Xiao Xiaoyun: "When the Prime Minister asked the regime and Yuan Shikai, the first thing he opposed was our party's alliance in Siam. When the Prime Minister's second revolution failed, our party was changed to "China Revolutionary Party" (1965438+In July 2004, Dr. Sun Yat-sen was founded in Tokyo, Japan >::, and Yuan Weichen (Chen Jiongming) was invited to win the battle, and Comrade Siam kept raising money to support ... "1965438+2005. After receiving the letter, Sun did not hesitate to appoint Xiao as the branch secretary of the region.

Shao Fo became Sun Yat-sen, striving for Yuan Baojia to defend the country and actively raising funds. Xiao personally raised and sent a huge sum of 12,000 yuan to Sun Yat-sen, and at the same time traveled to and from China and other parts of Asia to do anti-Yuan liaison work. 1June 1925 to1June 1926, Wang Fu, the representative of Siam General Branch, reported to Guangzhou: "The funds for assisting strikes in Guangzhou Province and Hong Kong are about100000 yuan." At that time, the Siamese government banned remittances and sent special personnel to take risks and bring them back to China. 1926 When the Northern Expeditionary Army in Guangzhou flourished, they donated money to buy a plane. The number is also ten thousand yuan. 1924 After the reorganization of the Kuomintang, the party affairs in Siam flourished under the auspices of Xiao Focheng, and there were more than 30,000 people in party member. The Kuomintang Central Committee upgraded the Siam Party Department to a general branch, which is equivalent to the provincial party department in China, with 2 1 branch and more than 90 branches. In the same year, Xiao Focheng was elected as the representative of Siam region to attend the first national congress of the Kuomintang.

1926, Xiao Focheng attended the 10th National Congress of the Kuomintang held in Guangzhou and was elected as the executive member of the Kuomintang Central Committee. At the meeting, he asked the government to take effective measures to protect overseas Chinese. 1On June 8th, 928, when Xiao Focheng was appointed as the Standing Committee Member of the Overseas Chinese Affairs Department of Nanjing National Government (once the Minister of Overseas Chinese Affairs), he returned to Siam to participate in the patriotic movement of overseas Chinese boycotting Japanese goods aroused by the Jinan tragedy. The Siamese authorities strictly prohibit this kind of political participation and will be held accountable. Xiao Focheng personally came forward and negotiated with the Siamese authorities to stop things. Overseas Chinese in Bangkok also donated huge sums of money to the victims of the May 30th tragedy.

Publicly impeach Chiang Kai-shek

1929, the Third National Congress of the Kuomintang was held in Nanjing, and Xiao Focheng was elected as a member of the Central Supervision Commission. Because he has a veteran position in the Kuomintang and the authority to speak overseas, he negotiated with the Siam government on behalf of the Kuomintang government and signed a treaty to improve the situation of overseas Chinese.

193 1 February, Hu, the Legislative Yuan of Nanjing National Government, was detained because of his political differences with Chiang Kai-shek. On April 30th, Xiao Focheng, Lin Sen, Deng Zeru and Gu Yingfen proposed to impeach Chiang Kai-shek as a member of the Central Supervision Commission in order to "frame comrades to establish personal power". This proposal was immediately supported by Chen, Wang Jingwei, Tang and others who were in charge of Guangdong's military power at that time. So all the members of the first, second and third Central Committees of the Kuomintang held a special meeting in Guangzhou, openly rebelled against Chiang Kai-shek and set up another national government in Guangzhou. Xiao Focheng became an important member of the anti-Chiang clique in Guangdong and Guangxi.

In September of the same year, the Japanese army invaded Shenyang and began to March to the northeast. In order to cope with the national disaster, the Kuomintang made peace and avoided the explosive civil war. The Japanese invasion promoted the unity of Kuomintang leaders and eased the division between Nanjing and Guangzhou. At the end of the year, the Kuomintang government was reorganized and Xiao Focheng was elected as a member of the Kuomintang government.

1934, 1939 In the first half of the year, Deng Zeru and Hu successively passed away, and Xiao Shi was the only remaining Kuomintang veteran stationed in Guangzhou. But he has no real power and his health is declining day by day. He plays chess as a pastime and often entertains some professional players. 1In the summer of 937, the Sino-Japanese War broke out and he returned to his second hometown, Siam. 1939 died in Bangkok in June at the age of 77, and was buried in the Minshan Pavilion opened by Fujian Guild Hall.

Xiao Focheng received traditional education in China since childhood and has a strong national consciousness. He also interacted with domestic intellectuals, from caring for the motherland to participating in Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary movement. There are many Chinese in Siam, and under his leadership, it has always been an important supporting force for the domestic revolution in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Xiao Buddha made great contributions to the Revolution of 1911 and the early years of the Republic of China.