During which period in ancient China was most interested in bows and arrows? What is the effective range?

Mongolian longbow is made of animal bones and baking glue. Its tensile force is 80kg, and its voyage exceeds 160m. As for the heavy crossbow in the Central Plains, the tension exceeds 200kg and the range can even reach more than 250m m.. The heavy crossbow in the Central Plains can shoot through three layers of cooked cowhide, which is equivalent to shooting through a steel armor plate with a thickness of 10mm at 30m.

It is estimated that the range of the medieval longbow can reach160m to 220m. Modern longbow replicas can fire light arrows as far as 320 meters and heavy arrows as far as 250 meters. Of course, at a distance of 200 to 300 meters, the penetration of the arrow is already very weak. As the saying goes, "If you don't enter the Ruju River", the range of an ordinary bow can only reach about 70 meters.

A while ago, I went to the Terracotta Warriors and saw that the Qin crossbow has a maximum range of 300m and an effective killing distance of 150m, which is the main weapon to suppress bow and arrow attacks. In addition, according to the data, the famous Scottish longbow has the longest range of 300m m m.