Contents of Green Construction Guide

1. 1 China is still in the stage of rapid economic development. As a construction industry that consumes a lot of resources and affects the environment, it should fully implement green construction and assume the social responsibility of sustainable development.

1.2 This guideline is used to guide the green construction of building projects and can be used as a reference for other green construction projects.

1.3 green construction refers to the construction activities of saving resources to the maximum extent and reducing the negative impact on the environment through scientific management and technological progress under the premise of ensuring the basic requirements of quality and safety, and realizing four sections and one environmental protection (energy saving, land saving, water saving, material saving and environmental protection).

1.4 green construction shall conform to national laws and regulations and relevant standards and norms, and realize the unification of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits.

1.5 The implementation of green construction should be based on the principle of local conditions, and the relevant technical and economic policies of the state, industry and local governments should be implemented.

1.6 Using ISO 14000 and ISO 18000 management systems, the related contents of green construction are decomposed into management system objectives, so as to standardize and standardize green construction.

1.7 Encourage all regions to carry out research on green construction policies and technologies, develop new technologies, new equipment, new materials and new processes for green construction, and implement application demonstration projects.

2 the principle of green construction

2. 1 Green construction is an important stage in the whole life cycle of a building. To implement green construction, the overall scheme should be optimized. In the planning and design stage, the overall requirements of green construction should be fully considered to provide basic conditions for green construction.

2.2 To implement green construction, we should control the stages of construction planning, material procurement, site construction and project acceptance, and strengthen the management and supervision of the whole construction process.

3 the overall framework of green construction

The overall framework of green construction consists of six aspects: construction management, environmental protection, material saving and utilization, water saving and utilization, energy saving and utilization, land saving and construction land protection (figure 1). These six aspects cover the basic indicators of green construction, and at the same time include a subset of indicators in various stages such as construction planning, material procurement, on-site construction and project acceptance.

Figure 1 Overall Framework of Green Construction (omitted)

4 green construction points

4. 1 green construction management mainly includes five aspects: organization management, plan management, implementation management, evaluation management and personnel safety and health management.

4. 1. 1 organization and management

1, establish a green construction management system, and formulate corresponding management systems and objectives.

2. The project manager is the first person responsible for green construction, responsible for the organization and implementation of green construction and the realization of goals, and designates green construction managers and supervisors.

4. 1.2 plan management

1, prepare the green construction scheme. This scheme should be regarded as an independent chapter in the construction organization design, and be examined and approved according to relevant regulations.

2, the green construction scheme should include the following contents:

(1) Environmental protection measures, formulate environmental management plan and emergency rescue plan, take effective measures to reduce environmental load and protect underground facilities, cultural relics and other resources.

(2) Material saving measures shall be formulated on the premise of ensuring the safety and quality of the project. For example, the optimization of material saving in construction scheme, the reduction of construction waste, and the use of recyclable materials as much as possible.

(3) Water-saving measures: Water-saving measures shall be formulated according to the water resources situation where the project is located.

(4) Energy-saving measures, including building energy-saving planning, target determination and energy-saving measures formulation.

(5) Land conservation and construction land protection measures, formulate temporary land use indicators, construction general plan and temporary land conservation measures, etc.

4. 1.3 implementation management

1, green construction should implement dynamic management of the whole construction process, and strengthen the management and supervision of construction planning, construction preparation, material procurement, on-site construction, project acceptance and other stages.

2, should be combined with the characteristics of this project, targeted to the corresponding publicity of green construction work, through publicity to create a green construction atmosphere.

3. Regularly train employees on green construction knowledge to enhance their awareness of green construction.

4. 1.4 evaluation management 1. According to the index system and engineering characteristics of this guide, self-evaluate the effects of green construction and new technologies, equipment, materials and processes adopted.

2. Set up an expert evaluation team to comprehensively evaluate the green construction scheme, implementation process and project completion.

4. 1.5 personnel safety and health management

1, formulate occupational hazard measures such as dust prevention, gas protection and radiation protection during construction to ensure the long-term occupational health of construction personnel.

2. Arrange the construction site reasonably to protect the living and office areas from the adverse effects of construction activities. Establish health first aid, health care and epidemic prevention systems at the construction site, and provide timely help in case of safety accidents and disease epidemics.

3. Provide a healthy working and living environment, strengthen the living and environmental sanitation management of construction workers such as accommodation, meals and drinking water, and obviously improve the living conditions of construction workers.

4.2 Technical Points of Environmental Protection

4.2. 1 dust control

1, transport earthwork, garbage, equipment and building materials, etc. Don't pollute the off-site roads. Vehicles that are easy to scatter, fly and leak materials must be sealed to ensure that the vehicles are clean. Car wash tank should be set at the exit of the construction site.

2. In the earthwork operation stage, measures such as sprinkling water and covering should be taken to make the visual dust height in the operation area less than 1.5m, and it will not spread outside the site.

3. In the stage of structure construction, installation and decoration, the visual dust height in the operation area is less than 0.5m, and the materials that are easy to generate dust should be covered; Powdered materials should be stored tightly; The handling of materials and construction waste that may produce dust in the construction site should have dust reduction measures, such as covering and sprinkling water; When cleaning dust and garbage before pouring concrete, try to use a vacuum cleaner to avoid using dust-prone equipment such as blowers; Protective measures such as local shielding, covering and water spraying can be adopted in mechanical air gouging operation; High-rise or multi-storey buildings should set up closed temporary lanes or use containers to lift garbage.

4. The non-operation area of the construction site meets the requirements of dust-free by visual inspection. Take effective measures for the substances that are easy to fly on site, such as watering, ground hardening, enclosure, dense mesh covering and sealing. , to prevent dust.

5, before the mechanical demolition of structures, completes the dustproof plan. Measures can be taken to clean up the accumulated dust, dismantle the body and sprinkle water, and set up barriers.

6, before blasting demolition structures, completes the dustproof plan. Comprehensive dust suppression measures can be taken, such as cleaning dust, wetting the ground, pre-wetting the wall, applying water bags on the roof, storing water on the ground, installing high-pressure sprinkler system outside the building, erecting dust-proof grids, and dropping water bombs by helicopters. Choose the weather with less wind to carry out blasting operation.

7. The difference between the monthly average concentration of total suspended particulate matter (TSP) measured at the height around the field boundary and the urban background value is not more than 0.08mg/m3.

Noise and vibration control

1, the noise emission at the site shall not exceed the national standard Noise Limits at Construction Sites (GB 12523-90).

2. Monitor the noise of the construction site in real time. The monitoring method shall conform to the national standard Method for Noise Measurement on Construction Site (GB 12524-90).

3. Use machines and tools with low noise and vibration, and take sound insulation and vibration isolation measures to avoid or reduce construction noise and vibration.

4.2.3 light pollution control

1, try to avoid or reduce light pollution during construction. Outdoor lighting at night is equipped with lampshades, and the light propagation direction is concentrated in the construction scope.

2. Shielding measures should be taken in welding operation to avoid welding arc light leakage.

water pollution control

1, the sewage discharge on the construction site shall meet the requirements of the national standard "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" (GB8978- 1996).

2, in the construction site should be aimed at different sewage, set up corresponding treatment facilities, such as sedimentation tank, grease trap, septic tank, etc.

3, sewage discharge should entrust a qualified unit for sewage quality testing, provide the corresponding sewage test report.

4. Protect the groundwater environment. Slope support technology with good waterproof performance is adopted. In water-deficient areas or areas where the groundwater level continues to decline, the groundwater should be extracted as little as possible by foundation pit precipitation; When the pumping capacity of foundation pit excavation is more than 500,000m3, groundwater recharge should be carried out to avoid groundwater pollution.

5, for the storage of toxic substances such as chemicals, oil, etc., there should be strict water-resisting layer design, and the leakage should be collected and treated.

Soil protection

1, protect the surface environment and prevent soil erosion. The exposed soil caused by construction should be covered with sand and gravel or planted with fast-growing grass seeds in time to reduce soil erosion; Soil erosion is easy to produce surface runoff due to construction, so measures such as setting surface drainage system, stabilizing slope and vegetation cover should be taken to reduce soil erosion.

2, sedimentation tank, grease trap, septic tank, etc. No blockage, leakage, overflow, etc. Clean up all kinds of sediments in the pool in time and entrust qualified units to clean them up.

3. Toxic and harmful wastes such as batteries, ink cartridges, paints and coatings should be recycled and handed over to qualified units for treatment, and cannot be transported as construction waste to avoid polluting soil and groundwater.

4. After the construction, the vegetation damaged by construction activities should be restored (generally referring to temporary land occupation). Cooperate with local gardens, environmental protection departments or local plant research institutions to plant local or other suitable plants in the previously developed areas, so as to restore the landform of the remaining open space or carry out scientific greening, and remedy the soil erosion caused by man-made destruction of vegetation and landform in construction activities.

Construction waste control

1. Make a reduction plan for construction waste. Residential buildings do not exceed 400 tons of construction waste per 10,000 square meters.

2, strengthen the recycling of construction waste, and strive to achieve 30% recycling rate of construction waste, building demolition waste recycling rate is greater than 40%. For sand and gravel, earthwork construction waste, landfill, paving and other ways can be used to improve the reuse rate, and strive to achieve more than 50% reuse rate.

3. The living quarters of the construction site should be provided with airtight garbage containers, and the domestic garbage of the construction site should be bagged and removed in time. Classify the construction waste, collect it to the closed garbage station on site, and transport it centrally.

4.2.7 Protection of underground facilities, cultural relics and resources

1. Before construction, all kinds of underground facilities should be investigated, and protection schemes should be made to ensure the safe operation of all kinds of pipelines, pipes, buildings and structures around the construction site.

2. Once cultural relics are found in the construction process, immediately stop the construction, protect the site, notify the cultural relics department and assist in the work.

3. Avoid and protect the ancient and famous trees in and around the construction site.

4, gradually carry out statistical analysis of CO2 emissions from construction projects, and CO2 fixation of different vegetation and tree species.

4.3 Technical Points of Material Saving and Material Resource Utilization

4.3. 1 Material saving measures

1, when the blue prints.the design, should review the related content of material saving and material resource utilization, in order to achieve the material loss rate is 30% lower than the quota loss rate.

2, according to the construction progress, inventory and other reasonable arrangements for material procurement, entry time and batch, reduce inventory.

3, the site materials piled up in an orderly manner. Suitable storage environment and appropriate measures. The custody system is sound and the responsibilities are implemented.

4. Appropriate means of transportation and loading and unloading methods shall be adopted to prevent damage and spillage. According to the site layout, unload nearby to avoid and reduce secondary handling.

5, take technical and management measures to improve the turnover rate of templates, scaffolding, etc.

6. Optimize the reservation, embedment and pipeline path of the installation project.

7. Use local materials, and the consumption of building materials produced within 500 kilometers of the construction site accounts for more than 70% of the total weight of building materials.

construction material

1, promote the use of ready-mixed concrete and commercial mortar. Accurate calculation of purchase quantity, supply frequency, construction speed, etc. And the dynamic control in the construction process. Bulk cement is used in structural engineering.

2. Promote the use of high-strength steel bars and high-performance concrete to reduce resource consumption.

3. Promote the specialized processing and distribution of steel bars.

4. Optimize the steel bar batching and steel member blanking scheme. Before fabrication of steel bars and steel structures, the blanking list and samples shall be rechecked, and batch blanking can only be carried out after confirmation.

5. Optimize the fabrication and installation methods of steel structures. Large steel structures shall be manufactured in the factory and assembled on site; Installation methods such as sectional hoisting, integral lifting, sliding and jacking should be adopted to reduce the material consumption of scheme measures.

6. Adopt digital technology to optimize special construction schemes such as mass concrete and long-span structure.

sheathing material

1, doors, windows, roofs, external walls and other enclosure structures should be made of materials with good weather resistance and durability, and the construction should ensure sealing, waterproofing and heat preservation.

2. Doors and windows shall be made of profiles, glass and other materials with good sealing performance, thermal insulation performance and sound insulation performance.

3. Roofing materials and exterior wall materials have good waterproof performance and thermal insulation performance.

4. When the roof or wall is constructed with base course and thermal insulation system, efficient, energy-saving and durable thermal insulation materials should be selected to reduce the thickness of thermal insulation layer and material consumption.

5. The insulation system of the roof or wall adopts special supporting materials to strengthen the bonding or connection strength between different layers and ensure the safety and durability of the system.

6. According to the actual characteristics of the building, optimize the insulation material system and construction method of the roof or external wall, such as insulation board pasting, insulation board dry hanging, polyurethane rigid foam spraying, insulation slurry brushing, etc. , to ensure the thermal insulation effect, reduce material waste.

7. Strengthen the joint treatment between thermal insulation system and enclosure structure to minimize thermal bridge effect. According to the thermal insulation characteristics of different parts of the building, different thermal insulation materials and systems are selected to be economical and applicable.

4.3.4 Decorative materials

1 Before the construction of facing materials, the overall layout should be planned to reduce the number of non-integral blocks.

2. Use new non-wood materials or artificial boards instead of wooden boards.

3, waterproof coiled material, wallpaper, paint and all kinds of coating at the grass-roots level must meet the requirements, to avoid peeling, fall off. All kinds of paints and adhesives should be opened when in use and closed in time when not in use.

4, curtain wall and all kinds of reserved embedded should be synchronized with the structure construction.

5. Wood products, wooden decorative materials, glass and other plates should be purchased or customized in the factory.

6. Self-adhesive sheets are used to reduce the use of liquid adhesives on site.

4.3.5 Turnover materials

1, reusable materials and machines that are durable and easy to maintain and disassemble should be selected.

2, give priority to the production, installation, demolition of integrated professional team for template engineering construction.

3, the template should be based on the principle of saving natural resources, promote the use of stereotypes steel mold, steel frame bamboo mold, bamboo veneer.

4. Template engineering scheme should be optimized before construction. Multi-storey and high-rise buildings adopt reusable formwork system, and formwork support should be supported by tools.

5. Optimize the external scaffolding scheme of high-rise building, and adopt the scheme of integral lifting and segmental cantilever.

6, promote the use of external wall insulation board instead of concrete construction template technology.

7. On-site office and living rooms adopt rotating mobile homes. On-site fences should make maximum use of existing fences or be closed by assembled reusable fences. Strive to achieve 70% reuse rate of temporary housing and temporary enclosure materials.

4.4 Technical points of water saving and water resources utilization

4.4. 1 Improve water use efficiency

1. Advanced water-saving construction technology was adopted in the construction.

2, the construction site spraying pavement, greening irrigation should not use municipal tap water. Effective water-saving measures should be taken for on-site mixing water and curing water, and it is forbidden to water and cure concrete without measures.

3. The water supply pipe network on the construction site should be designed and arranged according to the water consumption, with reasonable pipe diameter and simple pipeline, and effective measures should be taken to reduce the leakage of the pipe network and water appliances.

4, the field machines, equipment, vehicle washing water must be set up circulating water device. Water-saving systems and water-saving appliances are used for domestic water in the office area and living area of the construction site, so as to improve the allocation ratio of water-saving appliances. Water-saving products should be used for temporary water use in the project, metering devices should be installed, and targeted water-saving measures should be taken.

5. Establish a collection and treatment system of reusable water in the construction site, so that water resources can be recycled gradually.

6, the construction site respectively for domestic water and engineering water to determine the water quota index, and measurement management respectively.

7. When conditions permit, the water consumption of different single projects, different blocks and different subcontracting living quarters of large-scale projects should be measured separately. When signing subcontracting or labor service contracts of different blocks, the water-saving quota index shall be included in the terms of the contract for measurement and assessment.

8, the concrete mixing station and other water-consuming areas and process points for special measurement assessment. The collection and utilization system of rainwater, reclaimed water or reclaimed water should be established on the construction site.

4.4.2 Utilization of non-traditional water sources

1. Reclaimed water mixing and reclaimed water maintenance are preferred, and rainwater should be collected for maintenance in areas and projects where conditions permit.

2. For the construction site in the dewatering stage of foundation pit, groundwater should be given priority as concrete mixing water, maintenance water, washing water and part of domestic water.

3, the field machines and tools, equipment, vehicle washing, spraying road, green water, give priority to the use of non-traditional water sources, try not to use municipal tap water.

4, large-scale construction site, especially the large-scale construction site with abundant rainfall, establish a rainwater collection and utilization system, fully collect natural precipitation, and use it in suitable parts of construction and life.

5. Strive to reuse more than 30% of non-traditional water sources and circulating water in the construction process.

Water safety

In the process of using non-traditional water sources and on-site reclaimed water, effective water quality testing and health protection measures should be formulated to ensure that adverse effects on human health, engineering quality and surrounding environment are avoided.

4.5 Technical Points of Energy Saving and Energy Utilization

4.5. 1 energy saving measures

1, formulate reasonable building energy consumption indicators and improve building energy utilization rate.

2. Give priority to the use of energy-saving, efficient and environmentally-friendly construction equipment and tools recommended by the state and industry, such as energy-saving construction equipment adopting frequency conversion technology.

3, the construction site respectively set production, living, office and construction equipment electricity control indicators, regular measurement, accounting, comparative analysis, and formulate preventive and corrective measures.

4, in the construction organization design, reasonable arrangement of construction sequence, working face, in order to reduce the number of machines and tools in the assignments section, make full use of some machine resources in the adjacent assignments section. When arranging construction technology, priority should be given to the construction technology that consumes electricity or other less energy. Avoid the phenomenon that the rated power of the equipment is far greater than the used power or the equipment is overloaded.

5, according to the local climate and natural resources conditions, make full use of renewable energy such as solar energy and geothermal energy.

4.5.2 Mechanical equipment and tools

1, establish the management system of construction machinery and equipment, measure electricity and oil, improve the equipment files, and do a good job of maintenance in time, so that the machinery and equipment are in a state of low consumption and high efficiency.

2. Choose construction machinery and equipment with matching power and load to avoid long-term operation of high-power construction machinery and equipment with low load. Mechanical and electrical installation can use energy-saving mechanical equipment, such as low energy consumption, high efficiency inverter welding machine, hand-held power tools, etc., to save electricity. Machinery and equipment should use energy-saving engine oil additives, and consider recycling if possible to save engine oil.

3, reasonable arrangement of working procedures, improve the utilization rate and full load rate of all kinds of machinery, and reduce the unit energy consumption of all kinds of equipment.

4.5.3 Temporary facilities for production, living and office.

1. Use the natural conditions of the site to reasonably design the shape, orientation, spacing and area ratio of window to wall of temporary facilities for production, living and office, so as to obtain good sunshine, ventilation and lighting. In the southern region, sun-shading facilities can be set up in its external wall windows as needed.

2. Temporary facilities should use energy-saving materials, and walls and roofs should use materials with good thermal insulation performance to reduce the use time and energy consumption of air conditioners in summer and heating equipment in winter.

3. Distribute the number of heating, air conditioning and fans reasonably, specify the use time, and use them in sections and time-sharing, so as to save electricity.

4.5.4 Construction electricity and lighting

1. Energy-saving lines and energy-saving lamps are preferred for temporary electricity use. The design and layout of temporary power lines are reasonable, and automatic control devices should be adopted for temporary power equipment. Adopt energy-saving lighting such as voice control and light control.

2. Lighting design is based on the principle of meeting the minimum illumination, and the illumination should not exceed 20% of the minimum illumination.

4.6 Technical Points of Saving Land and Protecting Construction Land

4.6. 1 temporary land use index

1, according to the construction scale and site conditions and other factors, reasonably determine the occupancy index of temporary facilities, such as temporary processing plants, site sheds, material storage yards, office and living facilities, etc. The area of temporary facilities should be designed according to the minimum area required by the land use index.

2. The layout should be reasonable and compact. On the premise of meeting the requirements of environment, occupational health and safety and civilized construction, waste of land and dead corners should be reduced as much as possible, and the effective utilization rate of temporary facilities should be greater than 90%.

4.6.2 Protection of Temporary Land Use

1. Optimize the construction scheme of deep foundation pit, reduce the amount of earthwork excavation and backfilling, minimize the disturbance to the land and protect the surrounding natural ecological environment.

2. Temporary land occupation outside the red line should make full use of wasteland and wasteland, and occupy less farmland and cultivated land. After the completion of the project, the original topography will be restored in time to minimize the impact of construction activities on the surrounding environment.

3. Use and protect the original green vegetation within the scope of construction land. For sites with a long construction period, new greening can be arranged according to the requirements of permanent greening of buildings.

4.6.3 General construction plan

1, the general layout of the construction should be scientific and reasonable, and the original buildings, structures, roads and pipelines should be fully utilized to serve the construction.

2. The layout of the mixing station, warehouse, processing plant, work shed and material storage yard on the construction site should be as close to the existing traffic lines or formal or temporary traffic lines to be built as possible to shorten the transportation distance.

3. The temporary office and living rooms should adopt standardized prefabricated structures such as multilayer light steel prefabricated houses and steel skeleton cement prefabricated houses, which are economical and beautiful, occupy a small area, have little impact on the surrounding topography and environment, and are suitable for dynamically adjusting the construction layout. Living area and production area should be arranged separately, and standard separation facilities should be set up.

4. The continuous closed prefabricated movable enclosure of light steel structure can be used as a fence on the construction site to reduce construction waste and protect the land.

5. The roads on the construction site shall be arranged according to the principle of combining permanent roads with temporary roads. A circular passage is formed in the construction site to reduce the road occupation.

6, temporary facilities layout should pay attention to the combination of near and far (this project and the next project), and strive to reduce and avoid the demolition of a large number of temporary buildings and site relocation.

5. Develop new technologies, new equipment, new materials and new processes for green construction.

5. 1 The publicity system and management measures for promotion, restriction and elimination shall be established in the construction plan. Develop resources utilization and environmental protection technologies suitable for green construction, limit or eliminate backward construction schemes, encourage the development of green construction technologies, and promote technological innovation of green construction.

5.2 Vigorously develop the research and application of on-site monitoring technology, low noise construction technology, on-site environmental parameter detection technology, self-compacting concrete construction technology, fair-faced concrete construction technology, application technology of recycled building solid waste products in wall materials, and new formwork and scaffolding technology.

5.3 Strengthen the application of information technology, such as green construction virtual reality technology, automatic statistics of three-dimensional building model, establishment and application system of green construction organization design database, digital construction site, construction engineering materials, equipment and logistics management system based on e-commerce, etc. Through the application of information technology, accurate planning, design, careful construction and optimization and integration are carried out to realize and improve the indicators of green construction.

6 green building application demonstration project

China's green buildings are still in the initial stage, so we should sum up experience and guide the healthy development of green buildings through pilot and demonstration projects. All localities should formulate targeted assessment indicators and statistical systems according to specific conditions, formulate incentive policies to guide construction enterprises to implement green construction and promote the development of green construction.