What are the four major clappers circulating in the production system?

Jinnan Opera - Pu Opera! Jin opera! Shang Dang Bang Opera! North Road Opera! Shanxi opera art, with its long history, rich variety, ranking first in the country. Shanxi local theater as many as 54, accounting for one-sixth of the country.

Shanxi local theater in the "big show", is known as "Shanxi four big opera" Pu opera, Jin opera, North Road, and Shangdang Bang Bang. Among them, Pu Opera, Jin Opera and Beilu Bangzi have the same root and the same lineage, and they are all authentic Bangzi vocalizations. Earlier, no matter Yuan opera, southern opera or Kun, Yi, Hai, Yu four major sound, in the structure of the singing style, all belong to the long and short sentence type of the "joint song" type of theater, but only bangkang opera's song structure is the first ever "two-sentence type", "plate cavity". The only one who created the first ever "two-sentence" structure is the "board cavity" type of opera, and, because it is the earliest of its kind in the country, the introduction of bangkok opera has become a major creation of the Chinese board cavity type of opera.

Pu Opera, also known as Puzhou Opera, is the oldest of the four major operas in Shanxi, named after Puzhou (now Yongji County) in southern Jin. It was formed in the late Ming Dynasty and flourished in the Qing Dynasty, with a repertoire of more than a thousand plays. Its generous and soft singing style, its rough and bold but delicate artistic style, and especially its strong local color, make Pu Opera very popular among the people in Jinnan.

Many proverbs appreciating modern Pu Opera and its famous actors are still in circulation: "I would rather miss the summer harvest than miss Guangsheng's "Hidden Boat""; "I would rather see Cuncai's "Hanging Pictures" than sit in the Republic of China". Sun Guangsheng and Wang Cuncai, as the proverbs say, were all famous dancers in the 1930s. In the 1950s, when the art of Pu Opera was unprecedentedly prosperous, not only did the troupe organize and adapt a large number of traditional plays such as "Xu Ce Runs to the City" and "Lin Bone Bed", but also a number of famous actors emerged. Five stars of Pu Opera - Yan Fengchun, Wang Xiulan, Zhang Qingkui, Shiaoyue Lai, Yang Hushan, co-starred in the drama film "Dou'e Grievance", which was screened all over the country, enjoying a good reputation.

As the saying goes, "one minute on the stage, ten years of work off the stage". The art of Pu Opera is also embodied in the stunt work of the actors. Yan Fengchun's original "plume work" has been popularized and inherited by many actors; in the 80s, a group of young Pu Opera actors and actresses won the "Plum Blossom Award" for drama for their mesmerizing performances and wonderful water-sleeve and chair "double-jade" kung fu. The "Plum Blossom Prize" was awarded to a group of young Pu opera actors in the 80's for their mesmerizing performances and wonderful work with water sleeves and chairs.

The Puzhou Opera came to Jinzhong, where it merged with the local rice-planting songs and the art of rapping to form the Zhonglu Opera. After the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, with the development of Qixian, Pingyao, Taigu exchange industry in Jinzhong area, the establishment of money banks and ticket companies, the economy is more prosperous, the middle of the road bangkok also appeared a new vitality. Many opera-loving merchants and proprietors, invited the famous artists to their homes, generous treatment, moving the play. Some literati were also excited to participate in the creation of the opera, coupled with many fans of the ticket, playing the frequent sitting field singing, so that the fame of the middle of the road in the bangkok more and more loud, began to spread to Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu and other places, quite popular with the locals, and later on to "Jin opera" known in the world. Since the Xianfeng and Tongzhi years, Jin opera has been enjoying a good reputation, and there have been a lot of events. Before the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, Jin Opera once dominated the Beijing theater scene and became the representative theater of Shanxi. In the 1930s, there were many famous performers and groups.

During the development of Jin opera for more than 100 years, a large number of actresses occupied the stage, and the wind of exuberance was gradually lost, and the charm of freshness and elegance became a feature. As a result, many famous female actors emerged, such as Ding Guoxian, Niu Guiying, Wang Ai Ai, and so on. Among them, Ding Foxian, who was given the stage name "Fruit Red", was the most prestigious Kun Ling. During her long stage career, she created the art of "Ding School" with her unremitting efforts and outstanding talent, giving Jin Opera a superhuman charm, which stirred up the theater world in Beijing and Tianjin, and won the reputation of "King of the Shanxi Opera Sousousousou", and became a generation of master craftsmen who carried on the history of the development of Jin Opera. The first generation of master craftsmen in the history of the development of Jin opera.

In recent years, Shanxi Province's Jin Opera actress Guo Cai Ping, Tian Guilan, etc., is also extraordinary, one after another won the drama "plum blossom award". 1992 October, Taiyuan Jin Opera Art Exchange Troupe to visit Japan, the performances of 11 shows, full house, a touching scene. Guo Cai Ping also led the troupe to perform in Taiwan in 1995, which was also loved by the Taiwanese audience.

Influenced by the spread of Pu Opera, Jinbei has produced the North Road Opera, which has an exciting voice and a bold style. In the late Ming Dynasty, two large-scale migrations caused a large number of Jinnan people to move to the north of Jin. The immigrants' love for their homeland and their fondness for their native voices led to the gradual spread of Pu Opera in northern Jin. In the fusion with the local language and folk art, it eventually formed the North Road Opera, which was basically characterized by the ancient Yan-Zhao "generous and sad song" of the border bones, and its representative play "Jinshuiqiao" was extremely famous in the whole country.

Shangdang Opera, originating in the ancient Shangdang County, Ze, Lu two states with a deep tradition of opera, by the Ming and Qing dynasties from outside the Rollo play, roll play and local small plays and popular songs, integration from the south of Jin, Jinzhong influx of bangkas into the play. The repertoire "break into the Youzhou", "three pass row feast" is quite influential.

With the "four big clappers" in contrast, many Shanxi local small theater, like flowers, more magnificent and colorful.

Shang Dang Luzi and Jinnan Meidu, is a small theater in the big drama. The former originated in Hebei Wuan, the latter by Shaanxi Mei, Household two counties, after a hundred years of circulation, has taken root and settled in Shanxi.

The Taoist love plays influenced by religious culture are Jinbei Taoist love, Hongdong Taoist love, Linxian Taoist love, Yongji Taoist love and so on. Taoist love, originally used by Taoism to preach a form of rap, by the ancient Taoist song development, Taoist with fishing drums and tube board. Around the Qing Dynasty, this form of rap in the integration of local folk art, gradually evolved into a local opera.

There are 16 kinds of rice-planting theater widely distributed in Shanxi. They are evolved from the small songs, songs and dances sung in the countryside, such as treading the street rice-planting songs. The folk songs are "Jinzhong Yangge", "Taiyuan Yangge" and "Qinyuan Yangge", and the plate songs are "Huguan Yangge", "Huguan Yangge" and "Huguan Yangge". "Huguan Yangge", "Xiangyuan Yangge", "Wuxiang Yangge"; "Fanchi Yangge" with silk string accompaniment; "Jiexiu Dry Plate Yangge" with clear singing. The "Jiexiu Dry Board Yangge".

"Bowls cavity" theater varies from region to region, such as "Quwo Bowls cavity", "Xiaoyi Bowls cavity".

As for other local small plays, the two-people stage, small flower opera, Fanshi bouncing, playing children, Fengtai small play, toad Weng, pulling live theater, jumping play, Hedong line cavity, Shangdang spring, and so on, it is a wide variety of varieties, and the list goes on and on.

Shanxi mountains, since ancient times, transportation is inconvenient, which is not favorable conditions, however, precisely because of this, Shanxi has also retained many of the old theater. Such as Jinbei's "Sai opera", also known as "Sai Sai"; Jinnan's "gongs and drums"; Jinnan's "pairs of drama The "Pair Opera" of Southeast Jin. This kind of play does not have singing tunes, still belongs to the "chanting body" drama, and the ancient village community story social fire is similar to the village community still retains the "bamboo pole" performance form of the village community of a hundred theater style. There are also some plays that reflect the local primitive flavor. Sai Sai opera has a play called "Chopping the Drought Demon", in the past drought to pray for rain to honor the gods to play it, from stage to stage, dressed as a drought demon actor is bare-chested, wearing a goat-belly scarf on his head, you can just grab something to eat on the food stalls. The vendors did not think it was too much, but thought it could be "profitable". In the end, the play is performed back on stage, indicating that after the drought demon has been beheaded, the wind and rain will flow smoothly. This kind of drama, equivalent to the history of drama research "living fossil", unique in the country, extremely valuable.

By the way, it should be mentioned that, associated with the opera, Shanxi has more than 100 kinds of folk dance. They also have a long history and a strong local color. Among them, there are flower drums, turning drums, fan drums, gongs and drums, yazhou drums; rice-planting dances include kicking drums, phoenix rice-planting dances, Fenxiao rice-planting dances, and lion dances, dragon dances, etc. In the pre-Qin Dynasty, Taiyuan was the first city in China to have a rice-planting dance. As far away as in the pre-Qin period, Taiyuan around the "Chi play", dancers in groups of three or five, wearing a bull's horn, offset for the play. In Yuncheng Hou village excavated in the Han tomb, also found a high value of dance "hundred theater building" model, carved with male and female Kabuki relative to the dance graphics. In addition, in Shanxi Province, the excavation of the Tang Dynasty tombs can also be seen in a large number of dancing figurines, the Yuan Dynasty Yongle Palace murals on the image of dancing children is also very moving. To date, the New Year's festivals, cities and villages decorated with lanterns, drums and drums, playing dragon lanterns, twisting rice-planting songs, stilt walkers, running boats, playing drums, dancing lions, can be said to be colorful and gorgeous, from which you can still see the exuberance of the Shanxi folk dance scene.

"The mountain village temple fair running water board all day long, the village and town theater bang bang cavity to the evening is still knocking." Shanxi Yuncheng area of rural soil theater on this couplet, is the Sanjin theater prosperity as a true reflection. Su San Qi Qi", "Kill the Wife", "The Story of the Western Chamber", "Wutai County Order", "Chopping Flower Hall", "The Fascinating Father and Son", "Tears of Suona", "The Daughter-in-law from Outside the Mountain" and so on, are all popular favorites, which have been performed continuously. The province's more than 140 professional theater groups are active in urban and rural areas, performing more than 30,000 times a year; the province's 14 drama school has become a theater "new Jin army" the rise of the base camp; held year after year, the province's various forms of tune-ups, repertoire, young and middle-aged actors competition, youth troupes tune-ups, teaching repertoire report performance, "Apricot Blossom Award" competition and other activities, so that different schools of opera competition, melting and sublimation, the emergence of a batch of new talents in the theater. The motherland ten times "plum blossom award" competition performance, Shanxi has 14 young and middle-aged actors and actresses won the highest honor in the pear garden. Experts in the theater world praised: Shanxi is a place of great talent, talent, really "plum blossom" bloom place.

"Plum Blossom" bloomed in Shanxi, worthy of the cradle of opera.