People's Education Edition 8th grade Volume I Geography "Climate" Teaching Plan

The following is the teaching plan of 8th grade Geography Climate compiled by PEP for you. Welcome to reading. For more related content, please pay attention to the lesson plan column.

Teaching objectives of geography "climate" teaching plan in 8th grade, People's Education Edition.

Knowledge target

1. Understand the characteristics of temperature distribution in winter and summer in China.

2. Understand the main temperature zones in China and the criteria for division.

capability goal

1. Learn to analyze the causes of temperature formation.

2. Cultivate students' skills in interpreting and analyzing contour maps.

Moral education goal

It is very important for students to know how to adjust measures to local conditions, make rational use of resources and make people and the environment develop harmoniously.

Emphasis and difficulty in teaching

● Teaching focus

Distribution characteristics and differences of temperature and precipitation in China.

● Teaching difficulties

1. Analysis and interpretation of climate map.

2. The relationship between temperature zone and people's production and life.

teaching tool

courseware

teaching process

Introduce a new lesson]

Show pictures collected by students, natural landscape (ice and snow) and human landscape (? Ice lantern garden party? ): At the ice lantern garden party, people braved the cold of minus 20 degrees Celsius to watch the ice proud as a peacock, with ice lotus flowers competing to open, ice swan spreading its wings, ice cock holding its head high, and lively and lovely ice kitten? Crystal clear and colorful, just like stepping into the mythical Crystal Palace.

In Guangzhou, south of China, the annual Spring Festival Spring Festival, countless exotic flowers and herbs compete for beauty and fragrance. People are wearing colorful clothes, some holding colorful flowers, some holding golden potted oranges, beaming and lingering. ? Make students have a perceptual understanding of the temperature difference between north and south in winter in China.

(Teacher's summary) It can be seen that the temperature and landforms in the north and south of China are very different in winter and spring.

(blackboard writing) Section 2 Climate

First, the temperature difference between north and south

1. There is a great temperature difference between north and south in winter.

[teaching new lessons]

(Question) Why is there a big difference in the temperature between the north and the south in winter in China?

Look at the map "Average temperature distribution in China in June+10 in 5438" (Figure 2. 13).

(Observing by reading pictures) The following students carefully read the average temperature distribution map of China in June+10, 5438, which represents the winter in the northern hemisphere of China. What do you think of this picture?

① Find out the legend and temperature value, and carefully observe the law of temperature gradient. (After the students answered, the teacher summed up that the spatial distribution law of winter temperature in China is decreasing from south to north, that is, the farther north the temperature is, the lower it is. )

② Observe the extension direction and abrupt change part of the isotherm, and understand and analyze the changing trend of the spatial distribution of air temperature and the factors affecting its distribution. (Teachers guide students to find the 0℃ isotherm in the picture, draw it with crayons, and observe which terrain areas, rivers, etc. When this line passes through, where does it suddenly change? Think about why it changes. (After the students answered, the teacher concluded: As can be seen from the figure, the 0℃ isotherm roughly passes through the Qinling Mountains. The Huaihe River line bends southward at the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is mainly influenced by topography.

③ What are the characteristics of the average temperature south of the 0℃ isotherm of 65438+10 month? (student: above 0℃ or >; 0℃); What are the characteristics of the average temperature north of the 0℃ isotherm? (Student: Below 0℃ or

(Teacher's summary) It can be seen that the characteristics of winter temperature distribution in China are: the farther north the temperature is, the lower the temperature is, and the temperature difference between north and south in winter is very large. (blackboard writing)

(Question) Why is the temperature difference between north and south so great in winter in China?

(Projection) Overview of noon sun height and day length in three places below the winter solstice.

(Reading the table) (1) Compare, what's the difference between the solar altitude angle at noon and the duration of a day in winter to the sun? (Student: On the winter solstice, the lower the latitude, the greater the noon sun altitude angle, and the longer the day, and vice versa)

(2) think about it. From winter to the sun, why is the noon sun lower and the length of the day shorter in northern China than in the south? Student: Because the sun shines directly in the southern hemisphere in winter, the farther north, the smaller the height angle of the sun and the shorter the day.

(3) The lower the latitude, the greater the solar altitude angle and the longer the daytime; On the contrary, the shorter the daytime. What does this usually mean? Student: The longer the day, the higher the temperature. Conversely, the lower the temperature)

(Teacher's summary) It can be seen that latitude position is an important factor affecting the temperature distribution in China. The temperature difference between north and south in winter in China is very large, which is closely related to the different latitude positions between north and south. (blackboard writing)

The teacher stressed that winter wind is another factor that affects the distribution of winter temperature in China.

High temperature is common in summer.

Just now, we found the characteristics of winter temperature distribution in China: there is a great difference between the north and the south in winter. Let's take a look at the characteristics of summer temperature distribution in China. Why is this characteristic formed?

Distribution map of average temperature in China in July (Figure 2. 14)

(Thinking after reading the picture) ① Compared with the temperature distribution characteristics of 65438+1June, how dense is the isotherm distribution in July? What is the average temperature in July in most parts of China? What does this mean? ② Where does the isotherm appear obvious bending? On what terrain is the average temperature significantly lower than that in other parts of the country? (3) What is the extreme temperature between north and south in July? What is the difference between the average temperature in north and south?

According to these questions, guide students to read the distribution of the average temperature in China in July and summarize the characteristics of the temperature distribution in July.

③ In July, the average temperature in the northernmost part of Heilongjiang Province is 65438 06℃, in the southernmost part of Hainan Province it is 28℃, and the temperature difference between north and south in July is 65438 02℃. It can be seen that a remarkable feature of summer temperature distribution in China is that the temperature difference between the north and the south is not large in summer, and the temperature in the whole country (except the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau) is generally high.

(Reading materials) Guide students to read the small print material "The coldest place in winter and the hottest place in summer in China" to expand their knowledge.

(Classroom activities) Is the formation of temperature distribution characteristics in winter and summer in China related to topography? Tell me your reasons.

(Group discussion) Divided into two groups (group of four): group A discussed with the national average temperature chart of 1 year, and group B discussed with the national average temperature chart of July. After the discussion of major groups, the group representatives spoke to complement each other.

(Teacher's Summary) ① From the "Average Temperature Distribution Map of China in June+10, 5438", it can be seen that the isotherm distribution is relatively dense, indicating that there is a big difference between the north and the south in winter in China. In particular, the isotherm of1October 1℃ passes through the Qinling Mountains. The Huaihe River line bends southward at the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, mainly because of the high terrain of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

(2) From the Map of Average Temperature Distribution in China in July, it can be seen that the isotherm distribution is sparse, indicating that there is little difference in summer temperature between the north and the south in China. However, in the western Sichuan basin (that is, the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau), the isotherm obviously bends to the south, and the temperature in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is obviously lower than that in other parts of the country. This is mainly caused by the high terrain of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, because the temperature drops by 0.6℃ every time the terrain rises 100 meters.

3. Division and distribution of temperature zones

(Transition) We have made clear the temperature difference between north and south in winter and summer in China and its causes. Let's look at the temperature zone in China.

China temperature zoning (Figure 2. 17)

Read Figure 2. 17 and observe which five temperature zones China is divided into from north to south. What is the climate zone in southwest China? (Student: cold temperate zone, middle temperate zone, warm temperate zone, subtropical zone and tropical zone; There is also a plateau climate zone, with high terrain, cold climate and vast area)

(Question) What is the division of the temperature zone in China? (Student: China North-South Temperature Difference and the Reality of Agricultural Production) What does agricultural production actually mean here? After the students read the information in the book, the teacher added: The agricultural production here mainly refers to the heat conditions that crops can provide under a local climate condition. ) So, what are the temperature zones in China? Please read the pictures carefully.

Teachers guide students to read the temperature zone distribution map of China, and match the temperature zone distribution with related maps such as topographic areas and provincial administrative regions. In particular, we should focus on guiding students to observe the dividing line between subtropical zone and warm temperate zone, and corresponding it to the 0℃ isotherm, so as to help students establish the connection between knowledge and make them have a clear understanding of Qinling Mountains. The first line of Huaihe River is an important geographical dividing line in China (not only where the 1 0℃ isotherm passes, but also the dividing line between warm temperate zone and subtropical zone).

(Teacher's summary) After students' observation and judgment, the teacher came to the conclusion that the cold temperate zone is located in the north of Heilongjiang Province and the northeast of Inner Mongolia; The middle temperate zone is located in the northeast, most of Inner Mongolia and northern Xinjiang. The warm temperate zone is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and most of southern Xinjiang, and the subtropical zone is located in the Qinling Mountains. South of Huaihe River and east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; The tropics are located in Yunnan, Guangdong, Tainan and Hainan provinces.

(Class activities) Read the following information, then add relevant information and talk about the influence of different temperature zones on our production and life.

(1) Different fruit trees grow in different temperature zones. For example, apples and pears are suitable for growing in warm temperate zones, citrus can only grow in subtropical zones, and mangoes and bananas are mainly distributed in tropical zones.

(2) In different temperature zones, the number of times crops can mature is different. For example, temperate zones can only be harvested once a year, and tropical zones can be harvested three times a year.

(3) The temperature difference between north and south is also reflected in the architecture of traditional houses. For example, most houses in the north face south, with a high degree of closure and thick walls. Especially in the northeast, houses are all double windows, or beds are replaced by kang, or stoves are added with firewall, which is conducive to heating and keeping warm; The houses in the south are tall and spacious, and pay more attention to ventilation.

(4) The sowing date of the same grain crop (such as wheat) is different in different temperature zones. Warm temperate zone is suitable for sowing wheat in autumn and harvesting winter wheat; The middle temperate zone is only suitable for sowing and harvesting spring wheat.

What is the relationship between temperature zone and people's production and life?

Understand the architectural characteristics of different fruit trees and traditional houses growing in different temperature zones in the north and south.

(Group discussion) Divide into four groups (several four-person groups) A, B, C and D. Each group will discuss a question, and the representatives of the discussion group will speak and the other groups will supplement it.

(Teacher's summary) After the students discussed and spoke, the teacher summarized as follows:

(1) Different temperature zones and different vegetation on the ground also produce different fruits;

(2) In different temperature zones, the temperature and heat in the growing period of crops are different, and the maturity of crops is also different;

(3) In different temperature zones, the temperature in winter and summer is very different, so the architectural characteristics of residents are also very different;

(4) Different temperature zones have different latitudes and different solar heat and temperature, so the sowing date of crops (wheat) is also different.

Combined with reality: what temperature zone do we belong to here? What are the characteristics?

● Activities and surveys

1. What are the characteristics of temperature distribution in winter and summer in China? What does it have to do with the influence of latitude position? Think about it, what other factors affect the temperature distribution in China? Topography and landforms, as well as the temperature distribution in winter, are also affected by winter winds. )

2. What are the temperature zones in China? What temperature zone does Northeast China and most of Inner Mongolia, South Xinjiang and most of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and Hainan Island belong to? What about most parts of the Loess Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau? (Cold temperate zone, middle temperate zone, subtropical zone, tropical zone and plateau climate zone; Middle temperate zone, warm temperate zone and tropical zone; Warm temperate zone, subtropical zone and plateau climate zone)

Summary after class

[course summary]

In this lesson, we focus on the distribution characteristics of winter and summer temperatures in China, the differences between the north and the south, and the division and distribution of temperature zones. We know that the temperature distribution in winter and summer is related to different latitudes and also to the topographic influence of topography. Different temperatures have different ground vegetation, different crops and crops, and the architectural characteristics of residential buildings are also different. Temperature zone is closely related to people's production and life.

Teaching objectives of climate teaching design

1. Tell the characteristics of temperature distribution in winter and summer in China. Understand the distribution and geographical significance of 10/0℃ isotherm.

2. Understand the basis and regions of China's temperature zone division, and make clear the great differences of China's geographical environment.

3. Cultivate students' skills of understanding isolines by reading the isotherm distribution map.

4. Understand and master the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation in China; Master the division basis and distribution of dry and wet areas in China.

Emphasis and difficulty in teaching

The distribution and geographical significance of 0℃ isotherm at 1. 1.00, so as to understand the basis and region of temperature zoning in China.

2. Understand and master the temporal and spatial distribution law of precipitation in China; Master the division basis and distribution of dry and wet areas in China.

teaching tool

Wall chart, teaching courseware.

teaching process

First, the introduction of new courses.

Show pictures collected by students, natural landscape (ice and snow) and human landscape (? Ice lantern garden party? ): at the ice lantern garden party, people braved the cold of MINUS 20 degrees Celsius to watch the ice peacock and ice lotus competing to open? Crystal clear and colorful, just like stepping into the mythical Crystal Palace. In Guangzhou, south of China, countless exotic flowers and herbs compete for beauty in the annual Spring Festival New Year Market in Spring Festival travel rush, giving students a perceptual understanding of the great temperature difference between the north and the south in winter in China.

(Teacher's summary) It can be seen that the temperature and landforms in the north and south of China are very different in winter and spring.

Second, the new curriculum teaching

There is a great temperature difference between the south and the north in winter.

1. New knowledge of comparative learning

Read Figure 2. 13. Let's compare the winter temperatures in Harbin and Guangzhou.

To understand the specific situation of temperature difference between north and south in China, we should also look at the average temperature map-isotherm distribution map of China 1 and July.

According to the isotherm knowledge we have learned, let's analyze the average temperature map of China in June and July of 65438+/kloc-0, and see what the temperature distribution law is in winter and summer in China. (Students look at the pictures, discuss and answer. )

Teacher's summary:

(1) Isotherms are arranged densely in winter, indicating that the temperature difference between north and south is large in winter. The average temperature in June 5438+ 10 in the northernmost part of Heilongjiang Province is below -32℃, while that in June 5438+ 10 in Hainan Province is above 16℃, which is quite different between north and south.

(2) The 0℃ isotherm of the monthly average temperature in June 5438+ 10 roughly passes through the Qinling-Huaihe line and reaches the southeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the west.

2. Doubt reading guide

Why is the temperature difference between north and south so great in winter in China? Students discuss.

Teacher's summary: China has a vast territory, with a north-south span of nearly 50 latitudes. In addition to latitude, there is also the influence of winter winds.

Guide students to read the textbook P40 Figure 2.28 and think about the following questions:

(1) Where is the origin of the winter wind? What is the wind direction?

(2) What's the difference between the winter wind and the temperature in the north and south of China?

(3) Can the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Hainan Island and Taiwan Province Island be affected by winter winds?

(Students discuss and answer. )

Teacher's summary: The winter wind goes south, and the north of China bears the brunt. The cold winter wind aggravated the cold in northern China. Moreover, in the process of going south, the winter wind is blocked by mountains and mountains, and its power is getting weaker and weaker, so the degree of cooling in the south is much lower than that in the north.

Transition: There is a big difference between north and south in winter in China, so is there a big difference in summer? What are the characteristics of summer temperature distribution in China?

(2) High temperature in summer (except Qinghai-Tibet Plateau)

1. Read the pictures and the reading guide.

The average temperature map of China in July is analyzed by the same method. (Students look at the pictures, discuss and answer. )

Finger chart summary:

(1) The national isotherms are sparsely arranged in summer. Except for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the average temperature in July in most areas is above 20℃, indicating that the temperature in China is generally high.

(2) The average temperature in July in northern Heilongjiang Province is 65438 06℃, and that in southern Hainan Province is 28℃. The average temperature difference between north and south in China is only about 65438 02℃, with little difference.

(3) In July, the lowest temperature in China was on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Because of its high terrain, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has the lowest average temperature in summer in China.

2. Doubt reading guide

Through the previous research, we know that the temperature in the north and south of China is very different in winter, and it is generally higher in summer. Students think about the advantages and disadvantages of these characteristics to our daily production and life.

(Discuss and answer. )

(1) The high temperature in summer provides us with abundant heat resources, which is beneficial to the growth of crops.

(2) The severe cold in the north in winter causes a large loss of heating fuel in the north, and it is also easy to cause freezing damage to crops in the north.

Transition: What kind of temperature can make crops grow actively? What are the main indicators for dividing temperature zones? Guide students to read textbooks.

(3) division and distribution of temperature zones

According to the active accumulated temperature, China is divided into five temperature zones and one climate zone. Please read Figure 2. 17 "China Temperature Zoning". Explain the requirements of reading drawings and guide the reading methods;

(1) What are the five major temperature zones and one major climate zone in China?

(2) Where are these five temperature zones and one climate zone distributed?

(3) Which isotherm roughly coincides with the dividing line between warm temperate zone and subtropical zone?

(4) Which temperature zone do we live in? Which temperature zone does the northeast, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, Hainan Island, the Yangtze River Basin and the Tarim Basin belong to?

Discuss and answer in groups.

Combined with the teaching material P33? Activities? What is the difference between people's production and life in different temperature zones? (such as fruits, houses, clothes, cultivated land, crops, diet, vegetation, hydrological characteristics of rivers, etc.). ).)

(d) There are great differences between East and West.

1. Learn new knowledge by looking at pictures.

Read Figure 2. 18. Work in groups and communicate with each other.

(1) Find the position of annual precipitation lines of 800mm, 400mm and 200mm.

(2) Draw the annual precipitation lines of 800 mm and 400 mm with crayons, and observe which isotherm the annual precipitation line of 800 mm almost coincides with, and the area where the east roughly passes.

(3) Summarize the regional distribution law of precipitation in China.

Teacher's summary: The general trend of annual precipitation distribution in China is decreasing from the southeast coast to the northwest inland.

2. Doubt reading guide

(1) What are the main factors that cause precipitation distribution in China?

(2) Find out the places with the most and least precipitation in China.

(3) The precipitation varies greatly in different parts of China. Does the degree of dryness and wetness in an area only depend on the local annual precipitation?

The student replied: the degree of dryness and wetness is also related to evaporation. According to the contrast between precipitation and evaporation, China is divided into four types of dry and wet areas.

(5) Dry and humid areas

Division basis: the comparative relationship between annual precipitation and evaporation in an area.

1. Read Figure 2.22 and communicate in groups:

(1) What are the four types of dry and wet areas in China? Among them, what are the dry and wet areas in Shandong Province?

(2) Which isoprecipitation line roughly coincides with the dividing line of four types of dry and wet areas in China?

(3) What vegetation is dominant in each of the four types of dry and wet areas in China?

2. Read the textbook P37? Activities?

(1) The difference of precipitation will affect architecture, diet, folk customs and many other aspects. Compare the architectural form of the house in Figure 2.23. What does this have to do with the local precipitation?

Students compare, discuss and speak.

(2) Different dry and wet areas have different influences on our production and life. Activity 2? It also explains the influence of dry and wet areas on people's production and life.

Question: Does the description material in the book explain the different effects of different dry and wet areas on our production and life?

Students discuss in groups, then representatives of each group speak and the teacher summarizes. )

① Influence of dry and wet areas on ground vegetation: In wet areas, there is abundant precipitation, so trees are flourishing; There is little precipitation in arid areas, so the vegetation is short.

② Different dry and wet areas, different vegetation, different agricultural types and different crops (cash crops).

③ People's eating habits and physical conditions are different in different dry and wet areas, and the main food crops are also different.

Third, the class summary

In this lesson, we learned that the temperature difference between north and south is large in winter and the temperature is generally higher in summer. There are not only differences between North and South, but also differences between East and West.