What is the inspiration of qanatz for the development of oasis agriculture in arid areas?

Kanerjing, Xinjiang Uyghur language called "karie" (karie), Iranian Persian called "kanatz" (kanatz), Russian Russian called "kanyaliz "(k,lplltk). China's interior provinces have historically been called a variety of ways, such as Shaanxi called "wells and canals", Shanxi called "water lanes", Gansu called "a hundred string of wells", there are also places called "underground channels". Qan'erjing, actually a grand underground water conservancy project in arid areas. This project uses the slope of the ground to draw groundwater self irrigation, by the shaft, underground culverts, ground nullahs and flood dams (cisterns) composed of four parts. In the Gobi Beach we see the "small round earth bag" and Lin Gong see the "earth pit", is the first part of the project shaft. The role of the shaft is ventilation and excavation, repair of qanats used to lift the soil, the deepest in more than 90 meters. Culvert is dug underground to connect the various shafts into a single artificial channel, which is the main body of the project, the shortest in Turpan has a few hundred meters, the longest has more than 20 kilometers. Nullah is the ground diversion channel, the culvert will drain the groundwater to the ground nullah, and then by the nullah will lead the water directly to the field irrigation, or lead to the flood dam to store up for future production and life use.

It is said that there are more than 40 countries in the world that have qanats. Turpan Qan'erjing has more than a thousand, the total length of its culvert is about 5000 kilometers, close to the length of the Yellow River, equivalent to the mileage from Urumqi to Harbin, known as the geography of the "Underground Canal", with the Great Wall, Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, one of the three great projects of China's ancient times. Said its "great", the first because of its function is extremely important; second because the project is huge and arduous. For its function, people have many comments, such as it is "oasis blood", "oasis spring source", "fire island lifeblood", "source of life ", "heavenly spring", and so on. Such a reputation, Kanye is fully deserved.

Tulufan is located in the eastern basin of the Tianshan Mountains, at an altitude of -140 meters, below sea level below the area of 2085 square kilometers, is one of the world's lowest areas. Due to the distance from the ocean, and the surrounding mountains, humid air is difficult to invade, rainfall is very little, the average number of years is only about 19 millimeters; and evaporation is very large, the average number of years to 3608 millimeters, thus forming a very unique strange drought and hot climate. Ground runoff is scarce, and the highest ground temperature in July can reach 80 degrees Celsius, which has been known as the "Fire Island" since ancient times. Many years ago, the Tang Monk and his disciples encountered the Flaming Mountain on the way to get scriptures in the west, which is located in the center of the basin not far from Turpan. At that time, the Flaming Mountain was burning with 800 miles of flames, blocking the way of the Tang Sanzang master and disciples to the west. Luckily, Sun Monkey was so capable that he borrowed Princess Iron Fan's banana fan with his thousand-pound rod to fan the wind and rain and extinguish the flames, so he was able to pass through the Mountain of Flames and go on the path of fetching scriptures again. Of course, that is just a story of gods and devils imagined by Mr. Wu Cheng'en, but from it, we can see that Turpan has been a very hot place since ancient times. During our visit to Turpan, we have heard that many of the children there who have grown up to be teenagers have never seen a rainy day, and that whenever it rains heavily, people are as happy as if they had seen Allah, and they have led their children out to enjoy the rain. Maybe this kind of statement is a bit exaggerated, but it also tells the harsh fact that Turpan has little rain and drought. However, in such a hot and dry place, there is an oasis farming economy that has lasted for thousands of years. In the wide and sprawling grassless Gobi Desert, the oasis of a lush green, abundant grains, six animals thrive. The fields are planted with crops such as wheat, barley, rice, corn, sorghum, beans, sesame, cotton, grapes and various fruits and melons, and the slopes are grazed by horses, cows, sheep and other livestock all year round. "Oasis farming" has nourished Turpan people of all ethnic groups for generations, created unique folk customs and ethnic cultural traditions, and nurtured Turpan into a splendid "Silk Road Pearl". Friends, in Turpan, when you taste the sweet grapes under the grapevine, when you enjoy the famous "roasted sheep" ("hand-held mutton") in the flavorful restaurant, have you ever thought about how these world-famous delicacies come about? Simply, you would think that it is produced by "oasis farming". But have you ever wondered how that "oasis farming" came about? The gurgling water under your feet will tell you that it flows out of the qanats. Oasis farming" flows out from Qan'erjing, not "Nightmare in Heaven", not "Journey to the West" story, it is a human miracle that people have created a better life for thousands of years. In Turpan, in the whole of Xinjiang, in all desert areas, there is an indisputable fact, there is an unbreakable **** knowledge, that is, the oasis is scarce, oasis is extremely valuable. There is water, there will be oasis; there is oasis, there will be human smoke; there is human smoke, there will be farming; there is farming, there will be human life. Turpan is because of its ancestors dug out Kanye wells, the Tianshan Mountain snow water seepage potential Gobi Beach under the groundwater drainage out, only to open up a piece of oasis, and therefore also created the oasis agricultural civilization. Historically, was also the "Pearl of the Silk Road" Loulan, Milan and other ancient cities in the Western Region, is because of the lack of water, its oasis has been obliterated by the wind and sand, becoming a pile of loess in the vast desert. Think about the desert under the Loulan, Milan, and then take a look at today's Gobi Beach "pearl" Turpan, there will be anyone who does not recognize the Kanye wells is indeed the "Fire Island" lifeblood of the oasis of the spring!

Turpan's qaner wells, shafts are generally 1 meter long, 0.7 meters wide, dozens of meters deep; culverts are generally 1.6 meters high, 0.7 meters wide. Digging a vertical well, digging a culvert, to dig out how much earth? And the ground that countless shafts and underground that more than 5,000 kilometers long culvert, and how much earth dug out? I'm afraid no one can say. Kanye site, the ditch side wall hanging on the schematic tells people, whether it is a shaft, or culvert, all the pioneers to cut soil Man, willow baskets and hemp rope and other simple tools, a shovel and a basket dug out. The schematic says: "Digging a qanats, up to several years, or decades." The magnitude and difficulty of the project and the miracle of the pioneers' fight against the sky and the earth are no less than "Yugong Yishan". Legend has it that there was an old man in Turpan who dug more than one well in his life, and dug hundreds of kilometers of qaner wells all by himself. People say that he is the contemporary "Yugong"! Such a huge and arduous project, only with a few simple and no longer simple tools to dig, can you imagine how many of these "Yugong" Turpan more than 5,000 kilometers long qaner wells need to dig for how many years? "The deeds are really touching!" "Amazing!" "Great, marvelous!" Wells and canals from the side of a burst of tourists marveled. Drainage gurgling flow, the front canal sip, I can not help but from the bottom of my heart out of a few lines of emotional poetry: "Wells and canals dug underground, sweat springs * * * gushing flow. Who knows the water in the cup, drop by drop all hard work!"

Kanye is a material natural landscape, but also a spiritual human landscape. Now, Qanerjing has become a major tourist project in Turpan, attracting a large number of tourists to visit every year. However, if you look at Qanerjing as a pure natural landscape, you may find it boring and not much to see. However, if it is viewed as a humanistic landscape, you may find that it has accumulated a unique cultural value beyond time and space, and the more you look at it, the more interested you will be. In my opinion, one of these values is that Kanye Well reveals to us: "God has no way of stopping people!" "Since God created mankind, he must also create a natural environment for human survival. There are beautiful natural environments and there are harsh natural environments. Beautiful natural environment is of course suitable for human survival, the poor natural environment will not be completely "the way of man", which will inevitably also exist in the place that can be utilized by human survival, the question lies in whether it can be found and transformed. Turpan, the "God of Heaven" gave it a "desperate way" of the Gobi Desert, but also gave it the "Tianshan Snow Water" that can be utilized. Turpan forefathers were not intimidated by the harsh environment, but gave full play to their ingenuity, looked for the Tianshan snow water that could be utilized, and created Qan'er wells, which drew down the Tianshan snow water, creating a "green treasure house" and transforming the "fire island", a forbidden area of life, into a "paradise on earth. " transformed into a "paradise on earth". Turpan Qanerjing is an example of how human beings can get along with nature and ask for money from nature so that they can survive in a harsh environment. The cultural value of Qan'erjing embodies the philosophy of mutual give and take relationship between man and nature. Turpan's ancestors are good, creating Qanerjing, not only left a wealth of material wealth, but also created valuable spiritual wealth. This is a precious historical and cultural heritage. We should cherish it, inherit it, carry it forward, *** with the creation of a better living environment for the culture.