What is the history and culture of shuttlecock?

Shuttlecock kicking is a national sports activity with a long history, which is widely spread in China. This activity is often carried out by kicking shuttlecock, which can exercise bones and muscles and promote health. In the ancient capital Beijing, kicking shuttlecock also has a poetic name-Xiangling. When did shuttlecock kicking originate? Who initiated it? This has always been a matter of great interest to China sports experts. There is such a legend: "Made in the Yellow Emperor". At that time, it was called "Dong", not "Dun". It was an instrument for practicing samurai. "Dong" is interpreted as "fur pill" in Chinese dictionaries. Obviously, "Maowan" and shuttlecock are two different things. Another legend said: "It was created in Yue Wumu, and it has the qualities of an arrow feather and stone. It is played to alleviate the boredom of the army." There is no reliable evidence for this legend. "Arrow" and "needle" are different. This is not credible either. According to historical documents and unearthed cultural relics, kicking shuttlecock originated in the Han Dynasty in China and prevailed in the Six Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties. Volume 19 of Biography of the Eminent Monk records that a man named Batuo went to Luoyang, and met 12-year-old Huiguang on the way, kicking shuttlecock in the well of Tianjie. Born in the Northern Wei Dynasty (467-499 AD), Barto was the founder of Shaolin Temple in Songshan, Henan Province. He likes Huiguang very much and accepts him as an apprentice. Huiguang became a young monk in Shaolin Temple. In the book The Origin of Things in Song Dynasty, Gao Cheng recorded shuttlecock kicking in detail: "Nowadays, children use lead and tin as money to dress chicken feathers, which are called shuttlecocks, in groups of three or five, which are various, including being cheap inside and outside, dragging and grabbing, bending their knees, protruding their stomachs and beads." Shuttlecock kicking developed further in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and there were more records about shuttlecock kicking. Dong Liu, a famous essayist and scholar of Ming Dynasty in Chinese history, wrote in A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital: "Willow leaves empty bells, and willow kicks shuttlecock to death." Kicking shuttlecock has become the content of folk proverbs and developed into a skill sport for several people to kick together. By the end of Qing Dynasty, shuttlecock kicking reached its peak, and more and more people took part in it, not only for physical exercise, but also for calligraphy and painting, playing chess, flying kites, raising flowers and birds, singing Huang Er and so on. Some people are proud of kicking shuttlecock. Therefore, shuttlecock kicking activities are more extensive, especially for young participants. At that time, there was such a nursery rhyme: "A shuttlecock, kicked in half, played a flower drum, wrapped a flower thread, kicked inside and turned outside, and the Eight Immortals crossed the sea, 99, 100." It shows that kicking shuttlecock has reached a quite popular level. Folk shuttlecock lovers practice hard and pass it on by word of mouth. Take Beijing as an example. Every time there is a temple fair in urban and rural areas, experts from all walks of life meet on foot, watch games and train novices. Very lively. (Guo kicking shuttlecock)

In 1930s, a group of famous experts on shuttlecock kicking emerged in China. For example, Tan Junchuan, Jin, Pu Ziheng, Lin Shaoan in the middle school shuttlecock competition in Beijing, Zhou and Chen Hongtai in Shanghai, Yang in Hebei, Xie Shuan in Zhejiang, and those in Henan. , too numerous to mention. The shuttlecock kicking technique has been improved on the basis of popularization. Various shuttlecock kicking methods are rich and colorful, and the movements that are difficult to renovate are endless, and different styles compete with each other, which dazzles the audience and amazes them. The traditional shuttlecock kicking in China is becoming more and more perfect. 1928 65438 In February, when the "Chinese Goods Exhibition" was held in Shanghai, the first open shuttlecock kicking competition in China was held, which promoted the development of this national sport. 1933 March 26th. The first national shuttlecock kicking competition was held in Nanjing. According to the newspaper report at that time, "the participants were quite enthusiastic, including Pu Ziheng, Jin (editor's note: Pu Ziheng and Jin are from Beijing) and Hebei Yang, who were experienced in shuttlecock kicking ..... and they could kick 100 kinds of fancy. In addition, famous athletes and shuttlecock players will also participate ... and they will be a little excited. " Competition results: Hebei Yang won the first place in ordinary kick (vegetable kick) and pattern kick; Beijing athletes Pu Ziheng and Jin tied for second place in ordinary kick and synchronized kick. Three kicked 100 more tricks, four kicked 30 tricks and five kicked 20 tricks. At the award ceremony, Yang, Pu Ziheng and Jin performed again and filmed a documentary. 1933 at the national sports meeting held in June, shuttlecock kicking competed with boxing, wrestling, slingshot, fencing and other folk sports. Shanghai athlete Zhou, Beijing athlete Pu Ziheng and Jin won the top three ordinary kicks respectively, and Zhejiang athlete Xie Shuan won the fourth place. Shanghai athlete Chen Hongtai won the first place in the special kick (kick, Beijing called Xiaotun shares), Shanghai athlete Zhou and Beijing athlete Jin won the second and third place in the special kick respectively, and Henan athletes won the fourth place. After the competition, Beijing athletes Jin and Pu Ziheng also performed many times in some universities, middle schools and other units in Nanjing and Shanghai, which were well received by people from all walks of life. But since then, shuttlecock kicking has declined, and it was not until the founding of New China that this national sport gradually recovered and developed. From 65438 to 0950, Beijing recruited street shuttlecock-kicking artists to join acrobatic troupes and set up shuttlecock-kicking projects, which were warmly welcomed by foreign audiences. From 65438 to 0963, shuttlecock kicking and skipping were included in the sports activities advocated by the state, and shuttlecock kicking was also included in the physical education textbooks of primary schools. 196 1 In June, the Central News Film Studio filmed the movie "Flying Shuttle", introducing the history and kicking methods of shuttlecock, which promoted the development of this sport. In Tianjin, Shanghai, Baoding and Harbin, more and more people take part in shuttlecock kicking. Shanghai TV station also vividly recommended shuttlecock to the audience, and Shanghai Youth Daily also organized a shuttlecock kicking competition for middle school students in the city, which lasted more than two months. In Harbin, the northern ice city, the number of people who take part in shuttlecock kicking activities is increasing year by year. More than 350,000 primary and secondary school students from more than half of the primary and secondary schools in the city participated in the competition. 1982, Wang Liping, a junior high school girl in Harbin No.1 136, spent 28 minutes 1 hour, and won the first place in the shuttlecock kicking competition for primary and middle school students in the city with an excellent score of 5684. This achievement far exceeds the performance of 1933 10, which won the first place in the national games in October. Chengde, Hebei, one of the famous "small towns" in China, has also seen a new atmosphere. Every family has a shuttlecock, and everyone is good at kicking. On holidays, it is even more lively. Shuttlecock kicking activities can be seen everywhere in the streets and lanes, adding a unique festive atmosphere to the festival.