Which country was the first in the world to establish an unemployment insurance system?

There are different accounts of this question. Some people believe that in the second half of the 19th century, with the implementation of the Poor Law as a symbol, the United Kingdom was the first to establish the unemployment insurance system. The object of relief under the Poor Law was the poor, who at that time consisted of three parts: first, the peasants who had lost their land and thus their source of livelihood due to the effects of the enclosure movement. Secondly, the bankrupt small craftsmen. Thirdly, the unemployed urban workers. The implementation of the Relief of Poverty Act provided the unemployed with basic livelihood security and thus marked the birth of the unemployment insurance system.

Some people say that the unemployment insurance system was first established by France in 1905. At that time, France established the unemployment insurance system through legislation. But it was not a compulsory unemployment insurance, but a voluntary one.

More theorists believe that only after the enactment of the National Insurance Act in Britain in 1911, the unemployment insurance system in the modern sense was really born. The British National Insurance Act created the precedent of mandatory unemployment insurance system, which was later followed by a number of countries and constituted the mainstream of the world's unemployment insurance system.