What are the basic knowledge of sketch?

Sketch: It is a painting method that quickly and generally describes objects and records life. That is, write quickly.

The purpose of sketch: an important means to cultivate observation ability, image memory ability and generalization ability.

The main object of sketch: people are the main object of sketch. Regular sketching can help us master the basic structure and movement law of human body, skillfully draw various movements and expressions of people, improve our memory and dictation ability of images, and lay a good foundation for future artistic creation and design.

The tools used in sketch are: any tool that can be used for painting can be used for sketch. Commonly used tools are pencils, charcoal pens, pens, writing brushes, etc.

The effect of pencil sketch is smooth, vivid and changeable.

The effect of charcoal sketch: strong contrast, rough and powerful.

The effect of pen-and-ink sketch: meticulous and smooth, not easy to modify.

The effect of sketching with strokes: various, but difficult to master, generally not suitable for beginners.

Sketch has no special requirements for paper. Beginners can generally practice with newsprint or sketch paper, and they can prepare sketch books or sketches for sketching when they go out.

Sketch painting generally has the following manifestations: using lines, combining lines and surfaces, and emphasizing light and shade. Among them, the expression of lines is the most basic expression of sketch.

The characteristics of sketch lines are: reality, shade, thickness and strength. According to the fine body structure and expression intention, properly handling the changes of lines can show vivid painting rhythm.

Line-surface combination drawing: lines are used to express the light and shade of objects, and the combination methods are not the same, some are mainly lines, supplemented by surfaces; There are also aspects, supplemented by lines, but starting with the performance structure is their similarity. On the basis of gossiping about lines, a certain relationship between light and shade can enhance the three-dimensional space effect of objects and make the image richer and more powerful.

The generalized human structural relationship is "one vertical, two horizontal and three rolled limbs". One refers to the spine of the human body; The second horizontal refers to the horizontal line of the shoulder strap and the horizontal line of the pelvic strap; The three volumes are the volumes of fingers, chest and pelvis; Limbs refer to upper limbs and lower limbs.

Spinal column: it is the main power line of human movement, which drives the human trunk to do various actions. The change of spine line determines the position and change of all parts of human body, making them in a harmonious relationship.

The proportional relationship of the whole human body is that the physical characteristics of people are first reflected in the proportional relationship. Based on the head length, there is a saying in traditional painting that "stand seven, sit five and hold three and a half". However, modern figure sketch usually defines the height of human body as seven and a half heads long, half of the whole body is in pubic bone, and the trunk is three heads long; Shoulder width and head length; The upper limb is three heads long, the shoulder width is two heads, the forearm is about one head long, and the hand is about 0.7 head long. The two arms are stretched at the same height as the human body. The thigh is long at two ends, and the calf includes two ends of the foot and one end of the foot.

Structure of hand: The hand is divided into three parts: wrist, palm and fingers. Palm on the front and palm on the back. The whole hand is stepped, and the wrist, palm and fingers descend step by step.

The shape of the foot is: a steep slope descending from back to front, and the instep is arch bridge-shaped. The sole of the foot is mainly supported by the heel and forefoot, and the center of the sole is depressed inward.

Sketch lines should be vivid, smooth and changeable. Lines can be divided into shade, thickness, reality, strength and density. Different lines can produce different effects, showing rigidity and strength. Interpolation, turning and other contrast and change relations, and the use of these lines is to more appropriately express the structural and spatial relations of objects, so as to make them more vivid.

Sketch line: the parts with obvious appearance features and clear structure should use real money and be clear and powerful; For loose parts and some minor clothing, the lines used in clothing lines can be virtual and light, which can strengthen the body structure and separate the primary and secondary relationships. The density of line combination can produce the effect of setting off each other, highlighting the main part and making the picture more rhythmic. The thickness and shade of lines can properly express the spatial relationship before and after, making the picture clear and harmonious.

Classification of sketch: Sketch can be divided into figure sketch, landscape sketch sketch, animal sketch and scenery sketch.

Figure sketch can be divided into portrait sketch, dynamic sketch and static sketch.

The depth of line drawing in figure sketch: it is a modeling technique to outline objects with rigorous and accurate lines. The variety of line drawing is extremely rich, and lines with different shades can be drawn with a pencil or charcoal pen.

The characteristics of points in sketch: any small dark area in the picture can be understood as points abstractly and formally.

Characteristics of lines in sketch: in the picture, the thickness and hardness of lines are outlined, especially the lines drawn with charcoal pen are changeable. The lines in the sketch should have a sense of frustration, and the lines with different characteristics have different application scopes.

Characteristics of the surface in sketch: the surface can not be produced without the support of lines, and the surface produced by light and shade is not the main research object here. Where the block surface is sunken, some dark blocks are often paved, and some blocks are also used to balance the rhythm of the picture, resulting in echo and transmission.

The basic structure of human body is divided into four parts: head, trunk, upper limbs and lower limbs.

The head is divided into two parts: the skull and the facial skull.

The trunk is divided into five parts: neck, chest, abdomen, back and waist. The human body is complex, so when studying the human body, we should first consider the main body parts of the human body.