How to realize high yield, high efficiency and water-saving irrigation of corn?

Corn is millet of Gramineae. Also known as corn, corn cob, maize and pearl rice, it is an important food crop in the world and widely distributed in the United States, China, Brazil and other countries. Compared with traditional food crops such as rice and wheat, corn has strong drought tolerance, cold tolerance, barren tolerance and excellent environmental adaptability. Corn has high nutritional value and is an excellent food crop. As a high-yield grain crop in China, corn is an important feed source for animal husbandry, aquaculture and aquaculture, and it is also one of the indispensable raw materials for food, medical care, light industry, chemical industry and other industries. Because corn resources are extremely rich, cheap and easy to obtain, it also has many biological activities such as antioxidation, antitumor, hypoglycemic, immunity improvement, bacteriostasis and sterilization. It has broad development and application prospects.

The traditional irrigation methods of corn are furrow irrigation and border irrigation, which consume a lot of water and are not conducive to water saving. Therefore, many areas in China have begun to implement water-saving irrigation. At present, the main methods of water-saving irrigation are sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation.

Sprinkler irrigation is an irrigation method that uses a certain pressure to spray water into the air through pipes and nozzles in the field, so that the water will be dispersed into tiny drops after being slapped and fall on plants and the ground like rain. For furrow irrigation and border irrigation, sprinkler irrigation is an advanced irrigation technology, which has the advantages of saving water, basically no deep leakage, surface runoff and relatively uniform sprinkler irrigation. Generally, it can save water by 30% ~ 50%. It can save 70% ~ 80% water in sandy soil area with strong water permeability and poor water retention. Secondly, sprinkler irrigation can improve the growth and development conditions of corn. Sprinkling irrigation will not destroy the structure of soil, so that corn roots can grow in a good soil environment. Moreover, sprinkler irrigation can increase the air humidity and reduce the temperature, which can effectively prevent the phenomenon of "dry flowers". When the temperature is too low, spraying water can also increase the temperature, which is beneficial to the growth and development of corn. However, the disadvantage of sprinkler irrigation is high equipment investment, and the wind speed greater than 3 will affect the irrigation quality.

Drip irrigation is an irrigation process that uses low-pressure pipes to make irrigation water pass through every emitter distributed on the ground in the field and slowly and continuously penetrate into the roots of corn in a drip state. Its main advantage is that it can moisten the topsoil of corn roots and avoid loss due to leakage, evaporation between trees and surface runoff. Compared with sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation can save water by more than 30%. Moreover, drip irrigation has little influence on the soil, generally does not destroy the soil structure, and can keep the root system in a more suitable environment, which is beneficial to the growth and development of corn.