What is the cultural value of industrial heritage?

Kaifeng, as an old industrial base city, deserves its reputation! When interviewed in Kaifeng East District, the old people were very excited about the topic of "our factory" when talking about Kaifeng's glorious industrial history. They will break their fingers and talk about many firsts in Henan Province: the first TV set, the first refrigerator, the first ham sausage, the first bicycle and the first sewing machine in Henan are all made in Kaifeng.

Kaifeng's industry benefited from state investment during the first and second five-year plans. Large enterprises such as machinery factory, fertilizer factory, instrument factory, thermal power plant and pharmaceutical factory will invest in the first five-year plan period, and enterprises such as air branch factory, valve factory, traction factory, wireless power plant, glass factory and wool mill will invest in the second five-year plan period. The continuous support of the state has laid a solid industrial foundation for Kaifeng.

There is no denying that Kaifeng industry has made great contributions to national construction. However, after the reform and opening up, with the adjustment of national policies, facing the competition of private economy and the influence of many factors, Kaifeng industry slowed down its development pace, and some enterprises even disappeared. This situation makes people sigh.

"Do you know Kaifeng Tractor Motor Electric Appliance Factory?" On May 15, the reporter went to the Blue California Community in the east section of Bianjing Road. Ms. Li, a citizen, took her son for a walk in the community. In the face of doubts, Ms. Li looked puzzled. When the reporter told her that this community was built on the site of the original Kaifeng tractor motor electric appliance factory, she suddenly realized. The former Kaifeng tractor motor electric appliance factory was once a large enterprise of the former Ministry of Machinery Industry, and the largest specialized enterprise in tractor and internal combustion engine manufacturing in China. Henan Automobile Tractor Electrical Equipment Quality Inspection and Supervision Center is also located in this factory. Its main products have won many excellent products from the Ministry and the province, and have been awarded the title of "the first batch of recommended products for automobile parts" by China Automobile Industry Association and China Quality Management Association.

The former Kaifeng Diesel Engine Factory has advanced domestic diesel engine production technology. From 1970 to 1985, the factory produces Kaifeng X 195 12 horsepower diesel engines and K100 15 horsepower diesel engines. Now there are no traces of enterprises, and many commercial houses have sprung up.

Xinda Oriental Garden Community in Xincao Road and Dongfang Style Community in Laodong Road are the original Kaifeng Radio No.1 Factory and the original Kaifeng Optical Instrument Factory respectively. The brand of Xincao Road Kaifeng Bearing Co., Ltd. is still hanging outside the door, and the "green label unit" brand hanging outside the door seems to be telling the prosperity of the factory.

Now the iron gate is closed, and there is a sign outside the door that says "No admittance in the relocation area". On the site of the former Kaifeng Boda Motor Factory, workers are busy building high-rise and small high-rise buildings. ...

These are just a few "shots" of the heavy industrial area in the east of our city. In other parts of our city, some former industrial enterprises have disappeared without a trace, such as the original glass factory and the original match factory. People are happy to live in new houses, and old people sigh when they see that the business they ran when they were young is about to disappear.

The old factory became a residential area, and the traces of the old industry were gradually erased. Although emotionally unacceptable, reality has to make such a choice.

Why do real estate developers look at these old enterprises? The state protects cultivated land, and the red line cannot be crossed. In today's increasingly tight land supply, the old industrial sites are often huge in area and the plots are neat. In addition to solving the problem of employee placement, it does not involve too many housing expropriation matters, which can ensure the development income and is an ideal land for real estate development. In the interview, a real estate enterprise boss talked about his own views.

Protection and development are contradictory. At present, the housing demand in our city is still rigid. The old factory has been vacant for many years, and it has not produced much economic benefits. Some employees in enterprises have problems in eating and resettling. Urban development urgently needs to solve the housing problem. Demolishing a large area of factories and building houses can not only make money, but also meet the living needs of residents.

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"Industrial tourism" is a new tourism product.

It is not a historical relic for a long time, and it is difficult to protect it by legislation, but it has the attributes of a cultural relic. If it disappears, it will never be found again. Should we protect industrial heritage and industrial relics? From the perspective of great history, time is irreversible, and what happens today is destined to become history tomorrow. Compared with historical relics with a long history, is the protection of industrial cultural relics valuable?

Industrialization is the only way to modernization and the general trend of urban development. No matter whether the city is backward or advanced, it will definitely go through the stage of industrialization in the future. Industrial relics are traces left in the process of industrialization, and protecting them well can also leave a complete historical track for future generations.

Kaifeng is an old industrial base city. In recent years, the pace of industrial rise in our city has accelerated, and emerging industries have flourished. However, after some old industrial enterprises withdrew from the market, with the disappearance of enterprise entities, their history can only exist in local chronicles. If it disappears, it will never be found again. Even if the later generations carried out the development of repairing the old as the old, its value is hard to compare with the preserved one, and it is not as good as the original one. It is one thing to exist in books, but isn't it more meaningful to exist in reality? The traces of the "old industrial base" cannot be completely erased!

On the morning of May 17 last year, a delegation from Kaifeng Daily's "Dream of the Central Plains" Central Plains Economic Zone 18 Urban Development Bank came to Luoyang, the ancient capital, to visit Jianxi Industrial Heritage Block in Luoyang, where the Soviet industrial style buildings and Soviet-style buildings as well as the major industrial construction projects of China, Yi Tuo and other countries in the First Five-Year Plan left a deep impression on the reporters.

Jianxi Industrial Heritage Block in Luoyang takes the main factory building, square and the central axis in front of Yi Tuo Square in China as the core, and there are a large number of factories and living quarters built by the former Soviet Union when it aided key projects in Luoyang, including a large number of Soviet-style factories, equipment, assembly lines and Soviet-style residential quarters, which are still true and complete.

Luoyang is also an old industrial base city. With the development of the city, some old enterprises are disappearing.

Focusing on the industrial memory, Luoyang has successfully developed the "Dongfanghong Industrial Tourism" scenic spot, which has more than 10 industrial tourist attractions, and has also built the Dongfanghong Agricultural Museum to display agricultural culture and industrialization in all directions.

My colleagues in Luoyang Daily proudly said that Jianxi Industrial Heritage Block fully embodies the characteristics of industrial heritage in the socialist planned economy period, is an extremely important material heritage and urban memory in the history of China's industrialization, and is a historical witness to the industrialization of new China, with important historical, scientific, artistic and social emotional values. The "Dongfanghong Industrial Tourism" scenic spot has also become the first batch of industrial tourism demonstration sites in China, and Jianxi Industrial Heritage Block has also been successfully selected as a famous historical and cultural street in 201China. "Dongfanghong Industrial Tour" has also become the leading brand of industrial tourism in Luoyang, and has been praised by the media as a new business card for Luoyang tourism.

Leaving industrial memory, Luoyang not only developed the economic value of industrial heritage and sublimated its cultural value, but also provided a source of funds for the protection of industrial heritage.

On March 13, an interview group of Kaifeng Daily's "News Investigation on Urban Construction Experience of National Visiting Sub-center" came to the beautiful coastal city of Qingdao, and we visited the Tsingtao Beer Museum.

Tsingtao Brewery Museum is the first batch of "national industrial tourism demonstration sites" in China, and it is the main route of "Tsingtao Brewery Industry Tour". The museum was built in the old Tsingtao Brewery 100 years ago. It concentrates the development history of China beer industry and Tsingtao Brewery with a hundred-year history and technological process as the main line. It integrates cultural history, production technological process, beer entertainment, shopping and catering, and has the characteristics of knowledge, entertainment and participation in tourism. The museum is divided into three areas: a century-old historical and cultural area, a beer production line area and a multi-functional entertainment area. In this museum, visitors can not only learn about the whole process of beer production, but also taste the raw materials of beer, drink hot draft beer and experience the real feeling of drunkenness in the "drunken room".

Experience the time memory of industrial heritage and feel the unique charm of modern industry. Smart Qingdao people make the "industrial tour" attractive and unique. Today, the annual passenger flow of Tsingtao Brewery Industry Tour exceeds 600,000, and the average monthly tourist reception in the peak season exceeds 654.38+million, and the annual profit exceeds100,000 yuan.

In fact, we must be careful about the cities that our ancestors left us. People in Ningbo also attach great importance to the history and culture of the city. They regard the broken bricks and tiles in the old city reconstruction as treasures and use them in the construction of Ningbo Museum. On March 19, Kaifeng Daily's "National Sub-center City Construction Experience News Investigation Tour" came to Ningbo, and the special construction concept of Ningbo Museum attracted us. Compared with the new building in 2008, this building looks like an antique except for its trendy design. The external wall of Ningbo Museum consists of "tile wall" and "bamboo formwork concrete". The "tile wall" uses millions of old bricks and tiles recovered from demolition in Ningbo. The walls are ancient streets and modern buildings, which makes the appearance of Ningbo Museum condense the history of the city and become a historical exhibit in itself.

Accompanied by comrades from the Cultural Department of Ningbo City, culture is the root and vein of the city. Bricks and tiles are auspicious gifts given to us by our ancestors in Ningbo. It is the eternal fire left by the regional culture after the baptism of historical storms, and it is the emotional memory, value seeking and aesthetic sustenance of each of us. The quaint style of Ningbo Museum allows future generations to retrieve their memories from brick by brick and find a way to dream. They were born and raised in Sri Lanka.

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Cave House records the hardships of starting a business.

Our old industrial heritage has not completely disappeared, and many things still exist. The "cave houses" in civilized communities are unique.

From Songmen to the east along Songxin Road, turn north at the south exit of Yinong Middle Street, and you will see a row of low cave-like buildings. The "caves" in these cities are called "caves" by residents in that area.

On the morning of May 14, the reporter visited the "cave house".

Walking on the narrow street, you are greeted by a large area of "cave houses", which are connected by brick walls half a meter thick, with red bricks on the top and bottom, arched eaves, worn doors and windows, and even some houses have no doors and windows because they have not been inhabited for a long time. Climbing to the roof, at first glance, "cave house" is as spectacular as rolling waves. If there is no low roof in the middle, it will be a miracle in the history of our urban architecture.

"What is a miracle? It is dark and humid, and it is almost impossible to survive. " When the 72-year-old Sun saw that the reporter was interested in these old houses, he chatted with the reporter and led the reporter into her "cave house". The top of the roof is about 2.5 meters, more than 2 meters wide and 3 meters long. The only window and door are in the same direction, so the air in the room can't convection. The roof and walls are painted with sand and ash, and the soil will fall off when touched by hand. The walls are brick, and so is the arched roof. There is no reinforcement in the whole room. As there are no beams and purlins, the whole room has no wood except doors and windows.

"It has been several years since I said' cave house'." Liang, who is over 80 years old this year, said that this house was built when the fertilizer plant was first built in the 1950s. At that time, the state invested in the construction of Kaifeng Chemical Fertilizer Plant. Due to the shortage of materials, all steel bars and wood are used to build workshops. The builder has to have a place to live. Taking advantage of the rich clay in Kaifeng, we only built these "caves" with bricks, sand and lime.

In the winding "cave house" area, the reporter found that most houses were vacant. During the conversation, everyone expressed their strong feelings for these antique houses. At that time, after decades of war, and shortly after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the country was in a very urgent state and carried out the Great Leap Forward-style construction. Workers are simple-minded, and no one cares about what to eat and where to live. Everyone works day and night in order to build the enterprise as soon as possible. Although life is a bit bitter, everyone shouts for work and sings for a living. In retrospect, their hearts are full of sweetness.

Later, with the development of the enterprise, Huakai has a living area, and the living conditions of workers have been improved, but there are still some old households living in "caves". In recent years, the "cave house" has been classified as a dangerous building, and the house began to leak. When it rains, water will also enter the house, and residents have to pile up mounds at the door to prevent water from accumulating. Young people feel that the conditions here are poor, or they buy or rent a house and "escape" from the "cave house".

The "cave house" area is also more dilapidated.

In the civilized community, the staff are crying when they talk about "cave houses". Why? The living conditions are too bad. There are 140 households with household registration in the "cave house" area, and the houses belong to the public houses of the unit. Gao Yun, secretary of the Party branch of Hua Kai Community, took out a stack of letters from residents demanding to improve their living conditions, saying that residents were calling for demolition.

Netizens on the Internet are also talking about it. They said that the "cave house" has accompanied several generations of civilized people through more than 50 seasons, witnessed the difficult course of industrial development in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and witnessed the contributions and sacrifices made by the older generation of builders for the national industrial development. "Cave House" carries a lot of precious information of the times, contains patriotic feelings of a generation, and is a precious historical legacy left by the builders of the older generation to future generations. The construction period of Hua Kai is a period when the state increased its support for the development of Kaifeng. Many enterprises, represented by Hua Kai, have formed a heavy industrial zone in the east of Kaifeng, and "cave dwelling" is a microcosm of the industrial development of our city, which is worth cherishing.

Cave dwelling is a unique product of the Loess Plateau, which records the history of human cave dwelling. Now, with the development of economy, most people no longer live in caves, and some caves have been developed into tourist attractions, which are known as the miracle of loess architecture in China and the "living fossil" of human life history. "Cave dwelling" came into being in the special period in the early days of the People's Republic of China, and also appeared in some old industrial base cities in China. However, due to the great transformation of the local old city, many of them have disappeared. Kaifeng, a "cave house" connected to the center of the capital circle, is rare, and some netizens suggested keeping it.

However, the living conditions of residents need to be improved. What about these houses that record the industrial history of Kaifeng and even China? All aspects need to be considered as a whole.

Reporter's notes

The disappearance of industrial heritage will leave regrets.

Our city should build a strong economic and cultural city, vigorously carry out the protection and development of cultural relics, and the protection of modern industrial relics and heritage needs to be improved to a certain level.

Cultural heritage can enhance a nation's sense of identity, and can also unite and inspire the people and spirit of a city. As an old industrial base city, Kaifeng has accumulated a large number of old industrial remains. These old enterprise buildings and equipment recorded the magnificent scene of socialist construction in that year, and reflected the spiritual outlook of that era. They are the new historical connotation of this city and should be a valuable asset. If it is demolished indiscriminately, it will delete the historical memory of the materialization of the city and eventually leave regrets.

Foreign experience shows that understanding the cultural value of old industries, building industrial museums, rationally developing and forming new tourism projects can not only ensure the continuation of urban industrial culture, but also enrich the tourism industry projects in our city. As far as industrial products are concerned, there is a story behind every "Henan first". At present, the private sector still has some old enterprise products. If it's too late to collect them. There are also a few enterprise water towers, statues of leaders, and railway branches. In our city, what is full of cultural connotation is worth tasting by people in the future.

However, at present, the protection of domestic industrial heritage is in a state without legal basis. It is impossible for all the old factories to stay, and there is no standard for which enterprises and buildings should be protected. Another key point is the protection of the subject. Enterprises run well and can be protected by enterprises, but who will contribute to protect those enterprises that have gone bankrupt?

Industrial civilization is a part of Kaifeng culture, unique to the old industrial base of our city, and also lacking in other emerging cities. Excavating the cultural connotation of industrial heritage and preserving the memory of the old industrial base requires everyone to unify their understanding and dare to try. This work can be done by the government and enterprises and operated in a market-oriented way. But it should be considered as a whole according to the objective reality.

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