What is the significance of ancient architecture in China to today's architectural design?

The Influence of Ancient Architecture in China on Contemporary Architecture

China ancient architecture and China ancient culture started and developed almost synchronously, with a long history and a stable system. Through the ancient architecture in China, we can clearly reflect the context of China's traditional cultural thought. In today's era of economic globalization, although China's architecture is influenced by western architecture, it still inherits and develops the characteristics of China's ancient traditional architecture. With the development of the times, people are now studying the traditional folk houses in China more and more extensively and deeply, and the research angles are becoming more and more abundant.

China has a long history of architecture and brilliant achievements. Its unique artistic style makes it a pearl in chinese heritage. This series of existing buildings with superb technology, exquisite art and unique style is unique in the architectural history of the world and is an important part of the splendid culture of ancient China. They are like history books with stone carvings, which let us relive the history and culture of our motherland and inspire our patriotic enthusiasm and national self-confidence. At the same time, they are also an art for people to watch and enjoy with beauty.

The influence of modern architecture on ancient architecture is mainly reflected in the characteristics of ancient architecture in China. Characteristics of ancient architecture in China: 1. Siheyuan-style group layout.

From the images of ancient buildings in ancient documents and paintings to the existing ancient buildings, the plane layout of ancient buildings in China has a concise organizational law, that is, every building such as residence, palace, government office and temple is a courtyard surrounded by several single buildings, some cloisters and walls. This courtyard-style group and layout are generally designed symmetrically along the longitudinal axis (also known as the front and rear axis) and the horizontal axis. The more important buildings are placed on the vertical axis, and the secondary houses are placed on its left and right sides on the horizontal axis. The group layout of the Forbidden City in Beijing and the northern quadrangles is the typical example that best embodies this principle of group layout. So far, a large part of people in northern China are following this courtyard layout. Two-slope roof, surrounded by courtyard walls or some buildings, with a courtyard in the middle.

2. Clever and scientific framework structure.

This is the most important feature of ancient architecture in China. Because the ancient buildings in China are mainly wooden frame structures, that is, wooden columns and beams form the frame of the house, and the weight of the roof and eaves is transferred to the columns through the beam frame, and the wall only plays the role of partition, not the structural part that bears the weight of the house. This frame-type wood structure has formed a unique component unique to high-rise buildings such as palaces and temples in the past, that is, bundles of "fighting arches" under the eaves. it is

It consists of bucket-shaped wood blocks and bow-shaped cross bars, which are criss-crossed and picked out layer by layer to form a support with a big top and a small bottom. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the simplified structure, the beam was directly placed on the column, which led to the structural function of the bucket arch almost completely disappearing and almost becoming a pure decoration. Although this kind of building is rarely seen in houses, it can be seen in many tourist attractions to attract tourists.

3. Colorful artistic images.

Architecture is not only a technical science, but also an art. After long-term efforts, the ancient architecture in China absorbed the characteristics of other traditional arts in China, especially the plastic arts such as painting, sculpture and arts and crafts, and created colorful artistic images and formed many characteristics in this respect. Among them, the following three aspects are more prominent.

1, decorating the roof

Ancient craftsmen in China discovered the possibility of using roofs to achieve artistic effects very early. Ancient craftsmen in China made full use of the characteristics of wood structure, created the roof's lifting and folding, the roof's tilting and protruding, and formed the soft and graceful curves of the cornices of birds' wings and various parts of the roof. At the same time, the ridge end of the roof is properly carved and the eaves tiles are decorated. After the Song Dynasty, glazed tiles were widely used to add color and luster to the roof. In addition, many other roof styles have appeared one after another, and various complex shapes with artistic effects have been combined from these roofs, which has made China ancient buildings gain rich experience in creating architectural artistic images by using roof forms and become one of the important features of ancient buildings in China.

2. The use of color

Ancient craftsmen in China were the boldest and the best at using colors in architectural decoration. This feature is closely related to the wood structure system of buildings in China. Because wood can't be used for a long time, China architecture has long adopted the method of painting and tung oil on wood, protecting wood and strengthening wood components through tenon-mortise combination, and at the same time increasing aesthetics, so as to achieve a combination of practicality, firmness and aesthetics. Later, the columns and beams were decorated in red, or colored paintings were painted on the beams and squares of the bucket arch. After long-term practice, China has accumulated rich experience in the application of architectural colors, and the application of ancient architectural colors in China varies with different nationalities and regions. There are many types of ancient buildings in China, including palaces, temples, pagodas, houses and garden buildings. Among them, the achievements of palaces and garden buildings are the most prominent. For example, the China Pavilion of the Shanghai World Expo chose the calm "Forbidden City Red" as the main color.

3. The application of traditional symbols in modern architecture

The so-called symbol is to express some concepts and concrete things with a clear information unit. Traditional symbols in architecture emphasize national traditions and local characteristics with recognized representative models or shapes by highly summarizing and refining methods. The architecture that truly respects tradition is not a simple retro, nor a simple superposition and piling of traditional symbols, but a proper grasp of the spirit and meaning of tradition and the essence and connotation of its culture.

There are many successful examples in this respect, such as Shanghai Jinmao Tower. The Shanghai Jinmao Tower designed by SOM Company adopts the traditional symbols of the ancient secret eaves tower in China. Its modeling design fully embodies the architect's understanding and expression of China traditional culture. Starting from the 16 layer in the first paragraph, each paragraph is reduced by two layers.

Gradually enter the eighth floor of the fifth section, then subtract one floor from each section, and gradually collect points like mushrooms, and finally form an appearance similar to the traditional dense eaves tower in China. Compared with the appearance of the dense eaves of the traditional Tass Little Wild Goose Pagoda, it is not difficult to see the similarity of the upward division of the eaves.

Traditional architecture in China advocates "harmony between man and nature". Different from other architectural systems that emphasize the contrast between man-made and nature, the traditional architecture in China is based on the cultural spirit of China and is highly in harmony with nature. It loves, respects and embeds nature, as if it were an organic part of nature. This is evident in all types of buildings in China, such as the location and layout of cities, villages, tombs or houses. , and rose to a certain theoretical height, "Feng Shui" theory is its concentrated representative. The idea of paying attention to a high degree of harmony with nature is more prominent in gardens, so the classical gardens in China are natural. The relationship between human environment, society and nature is deteriorating day by day, so it is very necessary to learn and inherit the ancient architectural culture, pay attention to the ecological and humanistic issues of residential design and construction, apply the excellent design ideas of traditional houses to modern residential design, and combine traditional architectural culture with modern scientific and technological means to meet the fundamental needs of the broad masses of the people and maintain the coordinated and sustainable development of traditional houses in China. Nowadays, people's research on China's traditional folk houses is more and more extensive and in-depth, and the research angle is more and more abundant.