What is the content of gender discrimination?

Gender discrimination refers to treating individuals or groups differently or unequally because of their gender. The United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women points out that gender discrimination may affect citizens' human rights and fundamental freedoms in political, economic, social, cultural or any other aspects.

Equality between men and women is the basic national policy of China. According to the Constitution of China, women enjoy equal rights with men in political, economic, cultural, social and family life. China's domestic violence law and women's rights protection law protect women from gender discrimination. In addition, the Civil Code, the Labor Law and other laws also have provisions to protect women's rights and interests.

Gender discrimination refers to treating individuals or groups differently or unequally based on their gender. Although men may suffer from gender discrimination, women are more vulnerable to gender discrimination. The United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women points out that "discrimination against women" refers to any distinction, exclusion or restriction based on gender, the influence or purpose of which is enough to prevent or deny women from knowing, enjoying or exercising their human rights and fundamental freedoms in politics, economy, society, culture, citizenship or any other aspects on the basis of equality between men and women.

At present, there is no clear definition of "discrimination" and "gender discrimination" in Chinese laws, but gender discrimination is defined in some local laws and regulations. For example, the Regulations on the Promotion of Gender Equality in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, which was adopted on 20 12, stipulates that gender discrimination as mentioned in these regulations refers to any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex, whose purpose or consequence directly or indirectly affects and infringes on the equal rights and interests of men and women.

In some countries (such as Australia, Britain and the United States), it is illegal to extend the meaning of gender to "multiple genders", that is, discrimination based on gender identity (including transgender and intersex people). ), gender expression and sexual orientation.

Gender discrimination can be caused by government actions (such as laws and policies) or personal actions (such as words and behaviors).

Generally speaking, gender discrimination is the result of patriarchy. Different theoretical schools have different interpretations of what patriarchy is. A basic knowledge is that patriarchy is the sum of social powers and systems that can lead men to rule/control women. Gender discrimination is similar to gender stereotype and gender prejudice, and both are based on sex and gender. The difference is that gender stereotypes and gender prejudice do not necessarily constitute gender discrimination, but only when the influence or purpose of gender-based differences, exclusions and restrictions is enough to hinder or deny women's understanding, enjoyment or exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms in politics, economy, society, culture, citizens or any other aspects.