Traditional folk houses in southern Anhui

Because China has a vast territory, many nationalities, different geographical and climatic conditions and lifestyles, people live in different styles and styles of houses. Among the dwellings in China, the most distinctive ones are quadrangles in Beijing, caves in the Loess Plateau in northwest China, Huizhou dwellings in Anhui, Hakka earth buildings in Fujian and Guangdong, and Mongolian yurts. The site selection and construction of ancient villages in southern Anhui followed the geomantic theory of Zhouyi, which has a history of more than 2000 years. It emphasizes that man and nature live in harmony and fully respect the ideal realm of the natural environment. Paying attention to material and spirit is a dual demand, with scientific basis and high aesthetic concept. Huizhou folk houses are compact in plane, and the basic layout forms are mostly inward rectangles. The basic units such as hall, wing, gatehouse and corridor form a closed inner courtyard around the rectangular patio. The basic units and combination forms of residential buildings remain basically unchanged. The patio is the connection point, the hall is the main shaft, and the dotted line surrounds various combinations. This form has the characteristics of centripetal, integral, closed and orderly, and is one of the more common combinations in southern Anhui.

Distribution: At present, it is widely distributed in rural areas and urban areas.

Representative buildings: Laowuge in Huizhou District and Xifantang in huangshan district.

Representative villages: Xidi, Hongcun and Chengkan. As soon as the house of Diaojiaolou in Zhangdu Village, Jingxian County, Xuancheng faces the river, it is supported by wooden pillars hanging on the river, and the river flows through it, which is very rich in the emotional appeal of Jiangnan water town. Because this building goes from house to house, stretching for one or two Li, and using more than 1000 wooden columns, it is called "Thousand Foot Building". The lights are brightly lit at night and reflected in the river. Looking at a family alone is like a lantern hanging from a lamppost, so it is also called "chandelier pavilion"; Because the main beam frame of the house is supported in the air with wooden columns, there is a third name "Diaodongge".

Distribution: Diaojiaolou is mostly built along the river. Zhangdu Village, Jingxian County, Xuancheng City, Anhui Province, formerly known as Zhangdu Town, has a history of 1000 years, and was called "the town of Xilai" in ancient times. Brother Diaodong is also called "Thousand Legs in the South of the Yangtze River" by the people in China.

Representative buildings: Deyuexuan, etc. Xuancheng folk houses are simple in appearance, dignified and generous in shape, calm in color, neat in beam frame, simple in color, exquisite in carving, exquisite in interior decoration, exquisite in architectural skills, with white walls and tiles, and integrated into Huizhou architectural style. At present, the houses in southeast Anhui are represented by the houses in Hulu Town, Ningguo, which are concentrated between Hulu Village and Xiaxiang Village.

Representative buildings: Ye Fengchun residence and Wuding residence.

Representative villages: Hulu Town, Ningguo City, Chaji Village, Huangtian Village and Jiangcun Village, Jingde County, etc. In the overall layout, relying on mountains, the concept is exquisite and natural; In the plane layout, the scale is flexible and changeable; In terms of spatial structure and utilization, it is rich in modeling and exquisite in rhythm, with the horse head wall and small blue tiles as the most distinctive features. Whether it is the planning concept of villages and towns, or the comprehensive application of plane space treatment and architectural sculpture art, it fully embodies the distinctive local characteristics. Distribution: It is distributed in rural areas of Chizhou, with a small amount in urban areas.

Representative Building: Yan Jia Ancestral Temple

Representative villages and towns: Lingyang Town of Qingyang County, Jiuhua Street of Qingyang County, Shimengao of Chizhou, Laotian Village of Qingyang County, Liu Dong Old Street of dongzhi county, Zhangxi Old Street of dongzhi county, Nanxi Ancient Village of dongzhi county, Yan Jia Village of Shiyan Township of Shitai, etc. Earth-walled houses are different from the traditional brick-wood houses in Huizhou, and form another feature of Huizhou area with its unique architectural form. Due to the influence of Huizhou's mountainous areas and traffic, some villagers in mountainous areas use local materials and red soil as materials. The load-bearing structure of earth-walled houses is earth walls, and the plane shape of buildings is different from that of traditional houses, mostly in the form of three bays.

Distribution: Earth-walled houses are one of the characteristic residential types in mountainous areas of southern Anhui. Because of the high terrain and inconvenient transportation, for decades and hundreds of years, villagers used local materials, paved roads and bridges with surrounding bluestones, and built nests with red clay wood.

Representative Building: Wang Wencai Building, Shishi Township, Shexian County (Shishi Township, Shexian County).