College entrance examination ancient Chinese composition materials

There were many outstanding figures in ancient times, and their deeds were the best composition materials. The following are the ancient Chinese composition materials for the college entrance examination that I compiled for you for your reference. Welcome to read!

College entrance examination ancient Chinese composition materials 1: Qu Yuan

Qu Yuan's period was just the eve of China's imminent reunification. "Qin Huang is horizontal, Chu Wang is vertical." Qu was born in a famous family, good at dealing with chaos and rhetoric, and was highly valued in his early years. He was a doctor of Zuotu. In order to realize the great cause of Chu's reunification, he actively assisted in political reform in order to strengthen the country, and insisted on uniting with foreign countries to oppose Qin, which made Chu once become rich and powerful. However, due to the sharp contradiction between Qu Yuan and the decadent aristocratic group of Chu State in internal affairs and diplomacy, as well as the jealousy of Shangguan Doctor and others, Qu Yuan was later framed by the clique and alienated by Chu Huaiwang, and was finally expelled from Du Ying and moved to the Northern Han Dynasty. In the twenty-first year of Xiang Wang, General Qin attacked Ying Du in vain, and after several ups and downs, Qu Yuan couldn't bear it. He threw himself into the Miluo River and sacrificed his political ideal. Qu Yuan has been concerned about Chu for more than twenty years in exile.

His fate wrote poems such as Li Sao, Tian Wen, Evocation of Soul and Mourning. Have expressed their position and determination not to collude with the dark and decadent forces.

High school texts such as Biography of Qu Yuan, Li Sao and Mrs Xiang all talk about Qu Yuan.

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King Chu Ping refuses to listen to his illness, flatters him to hide his knowledge, and evil songs do harm to all. Fang Zhengzhi couldn't stand it, so he wrote Li Sao, with sadness and meditation. People who are "Li Sao" still have a lingering fear. The husband of heaven, beginning of life; Parents are the foundation of people. If you are poor, you will carry your roots, so you will be very tired. The illness was terrible, so I did not hesitate to call my parents. It is a pity that Qu Ping went straight on the right path, exhausted his loyalty and wisdom, and served the monarch. Believe and see doubt, be loyal and slander, can you have no complaints? Qu Ping's work Li Sao is self-reproach. Said Di Ku, the next Qi Huan, soup, martial arts, stab the world. The morality of the Ming Dynasty is broad and respected, and it is consistent to control chaos. His words are implicit, his ambition is clean, and his actions are mean. As the saying goes, a small article has a big meaning, and it has a far-reaching impact. Its ambition is pure, so it is called fragrant; It is cheap, so it is not allowed to die. From discharging mud, cicada sloughing in filth and removing floating dust, it is not loved by the world, and it is turbid without me. Push this ambition, although it is as glorious as the sun and the moon.

-Excerpt from Biography of Qu Yuan

Material evaluation

In Qu Yuan's poem "Involved in the River", he wrote: "I traveled all over Yaoyuan with heavy porcelain, climbed Kunlun Mountain and ate jade. Be with heaven and earth, and be with the sun and the moon in Guang Qi. " This was written angrily by Qu Yuan when he was framed by traitors and exiled by the king of Chu. Just as Sima Qian said, "If you believe and see doubt, if you are loyal and slander, how can you have no complaints?" So I wrote a song "Li Sao" to vent my anger. Qu Yuan's nobleness lies in his persistent adherence to his integrity no matter what kind of blows and flattery he suffered, so Sima Qian praised: "Pushing this ambition is also a glory for the sun and the moon."

Applicable theme

Applicable to "shoulders", "position and value", "I want to hold your hand", "affection and cognition of things", "responsibility", "ideal", "persistence" and so on.

College entrance examination ancient Chinese composition material 2: Sima Qian

Sima Qian worked hard as a child. At the age of ten, he began to learn ancient Chinese. At the age of twenty, he was full of curiosity and traveled all over the famous mountains and rivers of the motherland, inspecting historical sites and collecting legends. This made a good preparation for the compilation of historical records later. After the death of his father Sima Tan, Sima Qian inherited his father's position, formulated the imperial edict, and was able to see a large number of books, documents and national archives, which was an indispensable condition for Sima Qian to compile historical records.

In the second year of Tian Han (99 BC), Li Ling attacked the Huns and surrendered. Sima Qian defended Li Ling, angered Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and was imprisoned for corruption. Later, he was pardoned and released from prison. He wrote a book for the Secretariat and finally finished the writing and polishing of Historical Records. Historical Records is China's first biographical masterpiece with general history and biographical literature, and it is praised by Lu Xun as "a historian's swan song, without rhyme." In addition to historical records, Sima Qian also wrote eight essays, and also wrote a letter to Ren An, which described his imprisonment and his ambition to repair history.

Unit 4, Book 6 of senior high school is devoted to a unit to study the selected articles in Bao Ren An Shu and Historical Records by Sima Qian.

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Ancient people were rich and famous, but they couldn't remember. They are only charming and extraordinary. King Gavin was arrested and played Zhouyi, and Zhongnieu was in the Spring and Autumn Period. Qu Yuan's exile is a tribute to Li Sao. Zuo Qiu is blind and has Mandarin; The foot of Sun Tzu's Art of War has been revised; Don't move to Shu Wei, preach Lu Lan; Han Fei imprisoned Qin, saying it was difficult and lonely; There are 300 poems, which are generally attributed to the angry actions of sages. This person has a sense of stagnation and can't understand it, so he tells the past and thinks about new people. However, if Zuo Qiuming has no eyes and his grandson has a broken foot, he will never get it. Therefore, he will retreat to discuss the book strategy to relieve his anger and think empty words to see himself. A servant is not inferior to a thief. With his incompetent words, he is trapped in the old news, observes his behavior slightly, and records his success or failure from the beginning. As for this, it is ten tables, twelve books, eight chapters, thirty families and seventy biographies, all of which are 130 articles. I also want to study the changes of ancient and modern times and become a family statement.

—— Excerpt from Report to Ren An

Material evaluation

A person, no matter how many blows and setbacks he encounters, can go on as long as his spirit does not fall. But spirit needs support. Sima Qian was able to write a book after he was imprisoned because of the mausoleum incident, because he found strong spiritual pillars for himself, namely Zhou Wenwang, Confucius, Zuo Qiuming, Sun Tzu, Lv Buwei and Han Fei. And when our life also encounters insurmountable obstacles, do we also regard Sima Qian as our spiritual pillar?

Applicable theme

Historical Records is a great work written by Sima Qian with all his life energy, painstaking efforts and great physical and mental pain, and it always shines brilliantly. Mr. Lu Xun once said: Historical Records is "the swan song of historians, with rhyme" Li Sao ". In other words, as a large-scale and complete system of China's general history, it is also an excellent literary work. Sima Qian risked his life for his friends and gave up his dignity for his ideals, which is worth learning. Applicable topics are "fortitude", "will", "humiliation", "honesty", "choice of mind", "shoulders" and "carving angels in the heart".

College entrance examination 3 ancient Chinese composition material: Du Fu

Du Fu is a patriot, hoping to serve the country all his life, but fate has not taken care of him, so that his ambition is hard to be rewarded and there is no way to serve the country. He is also a great poet, who wrote many poems reflecting reality in his life. His patriotic feelings are reflected in his poems.

Du Fu lived in an era of rapid change from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. He built a monument of realistic poetry art with his outstanding talent and amazing perseverance. The tears of worrying about the country and the people and the feelings of humanitarian compassion in his poems have created Du Fu's gloomy poetic style and touching national spirit. "Zhumen stinks with wine and meat, and the bones on the road freeze to death" and "There are thousands of spacious buildings in Qian Qian, and all the poor people in the world are happy" are pushed to the misfortune of the broad masses of people by their own sufferings; During the Anshi Rebellion, Chang 'an fell. He saw the tragic scene of the country's demise and wrote, "Although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers will last forever, and the city is full of spring grass and trees." There, petals flow like tears, and lonely birds sing such touching poems as "Hope for Spring".

Du Fu has studied his works, such as Ascending the Mountain, Reading the Book, A Night Abroad, Cherishing Monuments, Pavilion Night, Climbing Yueyang Tower, Military Vehicle Shop, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, etc.

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Foreign night

The breeze rippled on the grassy coast, through the night, and blew to my still mast.

The endless plains are dotted with drooping stars. The moon runs with the river.

If only my art could make me famous. Free my sick old age from the office! .

Flying around, flying around, what am I like, just a sandpiper in the vast world! .

Material evaluation

This poem is about Du Fu leaving Chengdu Caotang with his family, sailing eastward by boat, and wandering in the Minjiang River and the Yangtze River. This poem describes the tragic situation of the poet's wandering in his later years. The vast Ye Ping, mighty rivers and splendid stars and moons reflect his lonely image and sad mood. The poet is famous for his great political ambition, but he has been suppressed for a long time and cannot display it, so his fame is actually due to his articles. But his resignation was mainly due to exclusion, not because of old age and illness. This shows the injustice in the poet's mind and reveals that political frustration is the fundamental reason for his wandering loneliness. The water and sky are vast, and Sha Ou falls; Sha Ou and others moved to rivers and lakes, which profoundly showed the poet's wandering sentimentality.

Applicable theme

Even if Du Fu lives in a thatched cottage and stays on a boat, he still has the lofty ambition of "protecting the world and laughing", thinking about the fate of the country, and applying such topics as "Worrying and ambition", "Shoubei", "Living without rest, living without rest", "I want to hold your hand" and "People and Road".

College entrance examination ancient writing material 4: Tao Yuanming

Tao Yuanming, a writer in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At the age of 29, he began to be an official, offered wine in Jiangzhou, and soon retired. Later, he worked as a town army, joined the army, joined Jianwei and other low-level official positions, and lived a life of seclusion as an official. At the age of 41, he was re-elected as Peng. After more than eighty days, he left his post and retired to the countryside.

He was the pioneer of pastoral poetry, and later people called him "pastoral poet". The countryside was highly purified and beautified by Tao Yuanming in the form of poetry and became a spiritual refuge in the painful world.

Tao Yuanming is good at integrating profound philosophy into the images of poetry. The language of poetry is simple and natural, and the expression is subtle and euphemistic. He is called "the pearl of Tao poetry". For example, the poem "Returning to the Garden" has a long-standing reputation and has similar characteristics: writing about rural life, writing about manual labor, praising one's own ideals and showing the joy of realizing them.

The texts we have learned, such as Peach Blossom Garden, Pastoral Poems, Ci Poems for Xi, Drinking and Biography of Mr. Wuliu, are all works of Tao Yuanming.

College entrance examination ancient writing material 5: Ruan Ji

Ruan Ji was a writer and thinker in the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty. He has a wide range of interests, extensive reading and versatility. He studied Confucian classics and loved reading Laozi and Zhuangzi. He also learned the martial arts of stabbing, whistling, playing the piano and drinking. Ruan Ji despises etiquette and tastes people who look at manners and customs with supercilious eyes; In the later period, he became a "man who didn't hide anything". In the complicated political struggle at that time, he often saved himself by drunkenness.

Ruan Ji lived in seclusion in the mountains, avoiding the persecution of Cao Wei and Sima's political struggle. He is the representative of the romantic life of celebrities in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and also the representative of "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". He escaped from reality, leaving people with infinite disappointment and unable to realize the realm of life dancing between dream and reality.

Ruan Ji wrote "Ruan Ji is not polite" in an article in the second volume of High School Chinese Reader.

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Ruan Ji is informal.

And filial piety, mother died, is playing Go with others, asking to stop and stay and gamble. Then he drank two barrels, raised the number one, and vomited blood for several liters. And will be buried, eat steamed chicken gizzards, drink two glasses of wine, and then face tactic, frankly poor, raise a champion, because of vomiting blood several liters, ruined bone barren, almost caused disaster. Books can also be blue eyes. When you see people with customs, you can read them with white eyes. Ji Lai hanged himself, lost his eyes and retired with joy. I'm glad my brother Kang heard about it, but that's because of the wine and the piano. I'm glad to see it. Therefore, people who are polite are ill if they are enemies. Sister-in-law tasted mothering and said goodbye. Or ridicule it, saying, "courtesy is evil for me!" " The young woman next door is beautiful and sells wine. After tasting and drinking, you are drunk and lying on your side. This book is neither self-doubt nor paranoid. Female soldiers are brilliant and unmarried until they die. I don't know my father and brother, but I have been crying and paying tribute to them. The same is true of being frank on the outside and pure on the inside.

Material evaluation

Ruan Ji's personality is particularly unconventional. On the one hand, he lived a bohemian life, was endowed with bold ambitions, and was not bound by all external etiquette. On the other hand, in order to be able to compromise and save myself in a chaotic world, I am very temperate inside. It can be seen from the above-mentioned mother's dying performance and drunken behavior. And his generous personality can also get people's understanding and trust. Ruan Ji's poems are profound in meaning and intangible in emotion, precisely because he has two seemingly contradictory personalities that can be unified on him.

Applicable theme

Ruan Ji pretends to be crazy, despises ethics, and leads an honest and clean life, all of which are examples for us to learn from. The applicable topics are Symbol, Walking and Stopping, Carving an Angel in My Heart, and Road.

College entrance examination ancient Chinese composition material 6: Li Bai

Li Bai, who lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, had the political ideal of "helping the poor" and "settling down in peace and contentment", and struggled to realize this ideal all his life. However, Li Bai's concern for national affairs and his hope of making contributions to the country all his life have formed a fierce contradiction with his dissatisfaction with the dark reality. His 59 antiques are representative works in this field. The political darkness in the later period of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty was widely exposed and criticized, reflecting the grief and indignation of talents who had no choice but to go. A lot of words are ironic, and the spirit is very high. Li Bai wrote many poems describing natural scenery in his life. His poems, such as "It's hard to get to the sky in the Shu Road", "How can the water of the Yellow River move out of the sky into the ocean and never return" and "It's doubtful that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days", are all famous sentences that have been passed down through the ages.

We have studied Li Bai's poems, such as Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream and Visiting the Ancient Vietnam. In the fifth unit of the fifth volume of senior high school, we also specially arranged Du Li's poetry unit and learned some poems such as Difficult to Learn the Way of Shu and Entering the Wine.

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Invite for a drink

Have you seen how the water of the Yellow River flows from the sky to the sea and never returns?

Have you seen the lovely hair in the bright mirror in the high room, although it is still silky black in the morning, it turns into snow at night?

Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he wants to go, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty! .

Since God has given talents, let them be used! As for the money, although it is scattered, it will get together again.

Cook a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen your appetite, and let me, 300 bowls, take a big drink! .

Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng: I'm going to drink, but I won't give up drinking.

Let me sing you a song! Please listen to me.

What are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures? I hope I will never wake up.

Ancient sober people and sages were forgotten, and only great drinkers can be immortalized.

Chen bought a barrel of wine with 10 thousand gold coins at a banquet in the temple, and everyone laughed and said one-liners

Why do you say, my master, your money is gone? , to buy wine, we drink together! .

Keywords Wuhuama, Qianjinqiu, give it to the young man for good wine,

With you, you will always worry.

Material evaluation

Li Bai had great political ambitions, but after working as an academician in the imperial court for three years, he failed to get involved in politics, but became a royal scholar of the king. Coupled with his contempt for dignitaries, he was rejected and left Chang' an angrily. In the poem, we can easily see the poet's mood "but since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with our swords, we are sad and come back, although we drown them with wine". As you can imagine, a person full of melancholy, when he is bent on solving his own troubles but can't solve them, how sad his heart is! On the surface, you can drink freely, but in fact you are worried that the arrow will pierce your heart. However, the poem is full of ink, extremely sad and angry, and the language is extremely bold and calm. Its root lies in the author's rich and profound inner feelings, and the potential wine words are like raging anger.

Applicable theme

Li Bai's poems, just like some of his works praising Dapeng birds, show his lofty aspirations and broad mind, and reflect his desire to pursue extraordinary things from the side. Even when Li Bai was given back to his hometown by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he was open-minded and full of confidence in the future, and applied topics such as "looking up", "ambition" and "shoulders". When Li Bai was in the palace, he asked Gao Lishi to take off his shoes, which led to his exile. This topic is suitable for "talking about passion", "being noble" and "I want to hold your hand"

College entrance examination ancient writing material 7: Zhuge Liang

Although Zhuge Liang is weak, he can strategize and win thousands of miles. Before he was born, he knew that the general trend of the world would be three points. Burning hope, borrowing the east wind and catching Meng Huo all showed his brilliant wisdom. Therefore, together with Guan Yu's "righteous skill" and Cao Cao's "treacherous skill", it is called the three unique skills.

Zhuge Liang is strict in law enforcement, affectionate, and brave in self-reproach. Love is unyielding and law enforcement is not forgotten. This is the real Zhu Gekongming, this is the authentic Kong Ming! After reading Zhuge Liang's tearful beheading of Ma Su, we will sincerely admire that "three summonses are based on the country, and two generations are based on the heart of a child".

We have studied Liezi, the preface to the Lost Pavilion, and Shuxiang, all of which involve a character-Zhuge Liang.

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I was dressed in cloth and devoted myself to Nanyang. I risked my life in troubled times and didn't ask Wen Da to be a vassal. The first emperor didn't treat his ministers unkindly, accusing himself of being wronged. He took care of his ministers in the cottage and consulted his ministers on current affairs. Out of gratitude, I promised the first emperor to drive Chi. After the boat capsized, I was appointed as the defeated army and was ordered to face danger. I have been here for twenty years! The first emperor knew that I was cautious, so he sent me to be a minister in case of collapse. Since taking office, he has been sighing all night, fearing that the entrustment will not work, which will hurt the understanding of the first emperor; Therefore, when you visit Shanghai in May, nothing grows. Now that the south is settled, there is enough armor. When the prize rate is three, the Central Plains will be located in the north; Tired and dull, I was busy getting rid of rape and evil, reviving the Han Dynasty and returning to my old capital. The minister was loyal to your majesty because he reported to the first emperor.

-Excerpt from "Example"

Material evaluation

The encounter between Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei, the monarch and minister, is a story of the ages. People praise Zhuge Liang's unique talent as well as his virtue of repaying kindness. Since I left Longzhong to face the mountain, I have taken "eliminating rape and killing people and reviving the Han Dynasty" as my life's duty, just as Du Fu wrote, "Look at the world's hard work and give my heart to him for two generations. The heroes cried on their coats before Kim started his career, and everyone was moved by his loyalty of "doing my best and dying".

Applicable theme

Zhuge Liang is knowledgeable and versatile. During his tenure as a scholar, he was praised by emperors, officials, scholars and ordinary people for his qualities of helping the world, serving the public wholeheartedly, being clean and modest. Applicable topics are: loyalty, modesty and achievement, stupidity and success, shoulders. Zhuge Liang's loyalty to Liu Bei has always been a beautiful talk, and this case is suitable as a topic of "sincerity"; Zhuge Liang did not listen to Liu Bei's dying advice, which eventually led to the fall of the street pavilion. This case is suitable for the topic "Emotion and cognition of things".

College entrance examination ancient Chinese composition material 8: Cao Cao

In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao is an adulterer. His life creed is "Better teach me to be negative than to be negative", and he is a typical treacherous, cruel, willful and suspicious villain. Anyone who has read the Three Kingdoms knows that when he mentioned "adulterer", he meant Cao Cao. "I would rather teach me to be negative about the world than teach the world to be negative about me." This sentence can best reflect Cao Cao's treachery. But in real life, Cao Cao has an ideal pursuit, which is a contradictory and complicated body. I thought Cao Cao was a generation of adulterers. I thought he was just a warrior. Only after reading his poems such as "Short Songs" do we know that his inner world is extremely rich. "When drinking songs, life geometry! For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan. Be generous, and your troubles will be unforgettable. How to solve the problem is only Du Kang. " Does this also confirm a truth: people are a complex combination?

Cao Cao, one of the seven sons of Jian 'an, has a high literary attainments. The works we have studied, such as Watching the Sea, Although the Tortoise Longevity, and Short Songs, were all written by Cao Cao.

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song

Cao Cao

Calling for Song one after another, how many days do we have?

For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan.

Be generous, and your troubles will be unforgettable.

Du Kang is the only one who can solve the problem.

Qingqing is your collar, YY is my miss.

But for your sake, I've thought it over.

A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan.

I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano.

As clear as the bright moon, when can I forget it?

The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off.

The weirder, the more useless.

Talk about the banquet and miss the old grace.

There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south.

Turn around the tree three times, what branches can you rely on?

The mountain is never too high, and the sea is never too deep.

The duke of Zhou vomited, and the world returned to the heart.

Material evaluation

The theme of this short song is very clear, that is, the author hopes to have a large number of talents for his own use. In his political activities, in order to expand his ruling base among civilian landlords and crack down on reactionary hereditary forces, Cao Cao once strongly emphasized that "meritocracy means promotion", and for this reason, he successively promulgated the orders of seeking talents, promoting scholars and escaping. The "short song" is actually a "song of seeking wisdom".

Applicable theme

Cao Cao cherishes talents, is ambitious, and his excellent military talents are worth learning. However, Cao Cao is cunning and changeable, and his suspicious character often reminds everyone that the applicable topics are "wisdom and cunning", "ideal", "ambition" and "sincerity", "living without rest/living with rest", "man and road" and "talking about feelings".