What is nasopharyngeal adenoid hypertrophy, the symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy and its treatment?

Adenoids only grow vigorously in childhood, gradually shrink with age and disappear in adulthood. Because children's adenoids are often inflamed, the posterior nostril will become larger or even blocked, which will affect breathing. The enlarged adenoids sometimes block the eustachian tube, affecting the ventilation between the pharynx and the middle ear and hearing. Adenoid hypertrophy is a kind of pharyngeal tonsillar hyperplasia. Adenoid hypertrophy is caused by repeated stimulation of inflammation. This disease is more common in children and often coexists with chronic tonsillitis. Brief introduction of adenoid hypertrophy Adenoid, also known as pharyngeal tonsil or adenoid, is located at the top of nasopharynx and posterior pharyngeal wall, belonging to lymphatic tissue, and its surface is orange petal-shaped. Adenoids, like tonsils, grow with age after birth, and the most productive period is 4-6 years old, and gradually shrink after puberty. In the normal physiological growth period, most children will not have symptoms of respiratory tract obstruction, but when the adenoid tissue is abnormally hyperplasia and hypertrophy, which blocks the upper respiratory tract, there will be symptoms of nasal congestion and open mouth breathing, especially at night, which will aggravate sleep snoring and sleep uneasiness. Children often turn over from time to time, especially when lying on their backs. In severe cases, apnea may occur, that is, the child may have short-term apnea or even wake up, and then fall asleep after changing his sleeping position, which reduces the quality of sleep. At the same time, due to the narrow airway, insufficient oxygen saturation in the blood, the brain is in a state of chronic continuous hypoxia, and the child is groggy during the day, with poor spirit, poor memory and poor academic performance. Long-term nasal congestion and poor breathing will also affect cardiopulmonary function, which can cause cor pulmonale, myocardial damage and even right ventricular heart failure in severe cases. Because of nasal congestion and poor breathing, long-term oral breathing will also affect the development of maxillofacial bones, forming a special face, the so-called "adenoid face", which is characterized by upturned upper lip, grinning upper teeth, high upper jaw and dull expression. Some children's nasal congestion can also affect pronunciation, forming an occluded nasal sound, which is also commonly known as "noisy" sound. Individual children can also press the opening of eustachian tube and nasopharynx due to adenoid hypertrophy, resulting in otitis media and hearing loss. Therefore, adenoidal hypertrophy should not be underestimated. If the above diseases are not treated in time, such as maxillofacial deformities and cor pulmonale, other diseases need long-term treatment even if the adenoids are removed and breathing is smooth. Symptoms and signs of adenoid hypertrophy 1, local symptoms of nasopharyngeal stenosis in children, such as adenoid hypertrophy blocking the nostril and pharynx after eustachian tube, can cause symptoms of ear, nose, pharynx and larynx. (1) Ear symptoms: Obstruction of pharyngeal orifice of eustachian tube will lead to non-suppurative otitis media, resulting in hearing loss and tinnitus. (2) Nasal symptoms: Adenoid hypertrophy is often complicated with rhinitis, sinusitis, stuffy nose and runny nose. Speak with a blocked nasal voice and snore when sleeping. (3) Symptoms of pharynx, larynx and lower respiratory tract: As secretions flow downwards and stimulate respiratory mucosa, it often causes paroxysmal cough and is easy to be complicated with tracheitis. (4) Long-term mouth breathing leads to facial skeletal development disorder, long mandible, high arch of palatal bone, irregular dentition, prominent upper incisors, thick lips and lack of expression, forming a so-called "adenoid face". 2. The general symptoms are poor in development and nutrition, including night terrors, grinding teeth, enuresis, slow response, inattention and other reflex symptoms. In addition, long-term airway obstruction and insufficient ventilation will lead to an increase in pulmonary artery pressure, which can lead to right heart failure in severe cases. The main reason is that the inflammation of nasopharynx and its adjacent parts or adenoids themselves is repeatedly stimulated, which leads to pathological adenoids hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Diagnostic examination of adenoidal hypertrophy 1. Children breathe with their mouths open, and sometimes they can see an "adenoid face". 2. The oropharyngeal examination shows that the hard palate is high and narrow, often accompanied by tonsil hypertrophy of the palate. 3. After the nasal mucosa is fully contracted by anterior nasal endoscopy, a red lump can be seen in the nasopharynx. 4. Fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy showed lobulated and closed lymphoid tissue, with longitudinal cracks on the top and back walls of nasopharynx, like a half-peeled orange. 5, nasopharyngeal lateral film measurement: can measure the degree of obstruction of nasopharyngeal airway. 6. Touching the nasopharynx with your fingers can palpate soft masses on the top and back walls of the nasopharynx. 7. Lateral X-ray photography of nasopharynx is helpful for diagnosis. 8. CT: The axial image of CT shows that the nasopharyngeal air cavity is deformed and narrowed, the soft tissue in the posterior wall is thickened, the density is uniform, it looks like the long muscle of the head, the left and right sides are symmetrical, the front edge is smooth or wavy, it protrudes into the air cavity, the pharyngeal recess and the pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube are faintly visible or unclear, the posterior nostril is blocked to varying degrees, the parapharyngeal space is clear, and the adjacent bones are not damaged. Measured by CT axial image, the adenoid index is ≥0.70. Treatment of adenoidal hypertrophy Low temperature plasma is suitable for the treatment of adenoidal hypertrophy in children over 3 years old. The best treatment for adenoidal hypertrophy is surgical resection, but there will be some pain. So, how does plasma treat adenoidal hypertrophy? This is a concern of many patients' families. Let's listen to the experts' specific introduction on how to treat adenoidal hypertrophy with plasma. How does plasma treat adenoidal hypertrophy? For the surgical treatment of adenoidal hypertrophy in children, traditional surgery is harmful: giving children general anesthesia is itself a kind of harm. Traditional surgery is traumatic surgery, which is easy to cause complications such as bleeding. Therefore, Director Zhao Shenglan suggested that minimally invasive techniques should be selected for adenoid surgery in children. Low-temperature plasma minimally invasive surgery painless treatment of adenoidal hypertrophy in children: In the treatment of adenoidal hypertrophy in children, low-temperature plasma minimally invasive technology is adopted, which is especially suitable for the special group of the elderly and children, and its unique curative effect has been well received by the majority of patients. The therapeutic principle of low-temperature plasma minimally invasive technology is to use the energy of low-temperature plasma radio frequency to ablate adenoid lesions at a plasma temperature of about 40 degrees and restore normal ventilation of pharyngeal cavity. For plasma treatment of adenoidal hypertrophy, it should also be noted that this technology uses endoscope to enlarge the diseased tissue hundreds of times, making the surgical field clearer, simpler and more accurate, ensuring the safety of the operation and reducing the risk. The prevention methods of adenoidal hypertrophy should not be underestimated. Early detection, early treatment, when the child is hard of hearing or often has a stuffy nose, it is necessary to think that it may not only be an ear or nose disease, but also to check whether there is adenoidal hypertrophy. Precautions Snoring caused by adenoid fat in children is often ignored by parents, and it often constitutes the cause of snoring together with tonsillar enlargement. Pay special attention to whether there is apnea, and go to the hospital to check the adenoids if necessary. Children's adenoids can be examined indirectly under nasopharyngeal endoscope, and it is more convenient to examine adenoids with more advanced fiber laryngoscope or electronic laryngoscope and nasal endoscope. The main harm of adenoid hypertrophy in children adenoid hypertrophy can cause nasal congestion, make children's snot return to the pharynx, stimulate the lower respiratory tract mucosa, often cause bouts of cough, and easily suffer from tracheitis. In addition, children's long-term mouth breathing and nasal congestion are easy to cause head ischemia and hypoxia, and symptoms such as listlessness, headache, dizziness, memory loss and unresponsiveness appear. The proliferation of proliferators makes the passage of respiratory airflow narrow and unobstructed. During sleep, gas sometimes impacts the base of the tongue and overhanging tissues, and snores with breathing. Because children's development needs a lot of oxygen, snoring will make children suffer from severe hypoxia during sleep, which will directly lead to insufficient oxygen supply for brain development and reduced secretion of growth-promoting hormone, which will not only affect children's height, reduce their physical resistance, but also affect their intelligence in the future. Therefore, such children are not only prone to respiratory infections, but also prone to chicken breasts, funnel breasts, and even pulmonary heart disease. Therefore, children snoring is more harmful than adults. Long-term airway obstruction leads to pulmonary dilatation and poor ventilation, which is easy to cause pulmonary hypertension. Common sense of life of adenoid hypertrophy, so why does adenoid hypertrophy happen? When people sleep, they mainly breathe through the nose. When the path of nasopharyngeal ventilation is blocked, snoring will occur. Children snore differently from adults. Adult snoring is related to pharyngeal muscle relaxation and obesity, while children's snoring is often caused by adenoid hypertrophy and tonsil hypertrophy's influence on nasopharyngeal ventilation. Even if the child doesn't sleep during the day, he will have a stuffy nose and breathe with his mouth open. There are many reasons for adenoidal hypertrophy in children, including the following: First, acute inflammation makes gland tissue congested and swollen, or it is enlarged due to suppuration. At this point, the child may have a stuffy nose, open his mouth to breathe, have difficulty breathing in a short time, and often have a lot of secretions in the nasal cavity, snore at night, even pause for a short time, and then take a deep breath. In addition, it is often accompanied by systemic symptoms, such as fever and sore throat. After general anti-inflammation, most of the above symptoms can disappear. Second, chronic rhinitis and snoring often develop gradually, from light to heavy or sometimes good or bad. Thirdly, due to local edema caused by allergic reaction, adenoids are enlarged. Most of these children are accompanied by other allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, pollen (dust mites, cold air) allergy and so on. A few complications of adenoidal hypertrophy are due to chronic nasal congestion and long-term hypoxia, leading to cor pulmonale and even acute heart failure. Long-term adenoid hypertrophy, children's nose flattening, alar dysplasia, eye distance widening, mouth breathing, facial expression dull, showing a special adenoid face. At this time, the child's physical development and intellectual development are greatly affected.