Anhui history

Anhui is an important birthplace of prehistoric civilization in China, with four cultural circles: Huaihe Culture, Luzhou Culture, Wanjiang Culture and Huizhou Culture. Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang * * * form the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, becoming one of the six world-class urban agglomerations in the world.

Historical evolution of Anhui

During the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Anhui belonged to different tribes (Yang Yue and Bai Pu) and vassal states. There were three vassal states in the Western Zhou Dynasty: Wu, Six Kingdoms and Shu.

In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, there were five vassal states: Yue, Chu, Wu, Xiao and Tong. During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), it belonged to Song State, Chu State, Cai State and Xu State. The Qin dynasty implemented the county system. Huiji County and Jiujiang County belong to the south of the Yangtze River, and surabaya county, Dangxian and Chenjun belong to the north.

During the period from the end of Qin Dynasty to the battle between Chu and Han Dynasty, three counties, namely Shu, Hengshan and Lujiang, were added and divided among the vassal states such as Jiujiang, Xichu and Hengshan. Anhui was divided into Huainan, Lujiang, Hengshan, Lu 'an, Jing, Huaiyang and Liang in the Western Han Dynasty. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yangzhou belonged to the south of the Yangtze River, while Xuzhou and Yuzhou belonged to the north.

During the tripartite confrontation, the three countries belonged to Sun Wu and Cao Wei. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Huaibei belonged to Liu Han, Hou Zhao, Yan Qian, Qian Qin, Hou Qin, Hou Yan and other countries in the "Five Lakes and Sixteen Countries". It is often conservative and still divided into two countries: Xu and Yu (including Dong Yu).

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen Dou successively recovered Huaibei area and owned Jiangnan area, and used Jianghuai area as the battlefield of disputes between North and South for a long time. In the late Chen Dynasty, it was limited to the Yangtze River valley, and Jianghuai and its northern areas belonged to the Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasties. In the late Southern Dynasty, the north of the Yangtze River in Anhui belonged to the Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasties.

After the Sui and Tang Dynasties unified China, it was divided into Lujiang, Qiao Jun, Ruyin, Huainan, Zhongli, Geyang, Tongan, Xuancheng, Xin 'an and Liyang. China was divided into ten roads in Tang Dynasty, and Anhui belonged to Henan Road, Huainan Road and Jiangnan East Road.

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Huaibei area successively belonged to the later Tang Dynasty, the later Jin Dynasty, the later Han Dynasty and the later Zhou Dynasty, and the south (including Jianghuai and Jiangnan areas) successively belonged to Wu and Nantang countries. Song, Yuan, Northern Song Dynasty and the first year of Zhenghe (111) belonged to Jiangnan East Road, Jingxi West Road, Jingdong West Road, Huainan West Road and Huainan East Road. Song Dynasty crossed south, and Song and Jin confronted each other. Huaibei in Jin Dynasty, Huainan and Jiangnan in Southern Song Dynasty.

The Yuan Dynasty implemented the provincial system, and Anhui successively belonged to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangbei and Jianghuai provinces. In the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to Nanzhili, and Anhui belonged to Luzhou (Hefei), Fengyang, Anqing, Taiping, Chizhou, Ningguo, Huizhou, Xuzhou, Chuzhou, Hezhou and Guangde. Fengyang House is the capital of Ming Dynasty, and it is also the capital of Ming Dynasty.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Nanming was destroyed, Nanjing was abolished, and jiangnan province was established in the original jurisdiction of Nanjing. In the sixth year of Kangxi (1667), jiangnan province was divided into Jiangsu (including Shanghai) and Anhui provinces, and Anhui province (the governor's office was in Anqing) governed Luzhou (now Hefei), Anqing, Huizhou, Ningguo, Chizhou, Taiping, Fengyang, Xuzhou, Guangde, Hezhou and Chuzhou. This is the beginning of the establishment of Anhui province, named after the initials of Anqing and Huizhou, referred to as "Anhui".

The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom adopted a three-level management system of province, county (state) and county to establish a government in the occupied area of Anhui, and changed the government into a county.

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Famous figures in ancient Anhui:

1, Zhu Yuanzhang (1328,10,21-1398, June 24th), a native of Fengyang, Anhui Province, Han nationality, and a native of Haozhou Zhongli (changed to Fengyang after the establishment of the Ming Dynasty). Politician, strategist, military commander-in-chief, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty.

2. Cao Cao (155-March15,220) was born in Peiguoqiao County (now Bozhou, Anhui Province). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was an outstanding politician, strategist, writer and calligrapher, and the founder of the Cao Wei regime in the Three Kingdoms.

3. Zhou Yu (175-2 10) was born in Shu County, Lujiang (now Shu County, Hefei City, Anhui Province). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was a famous soldier. His father was Zhouyi, his grandfather was Zhou Yi, and his uncle was Zhou Yi. They were all officials of Qiu.

4. Guan Zhong (about 723 BC-645 BC), surnamed Ji, Guan Shi, whose real name was Zhong and Shi Jing, was a representative figure of Legalists in the Spring and Autumn Period, a descendant of Yingshang (now Yingshang, Anhui). He was a famous economist, philosopher, politician and strategist in ancient China. Known as "the pioneer of Legalism", "the teacher of saints", "the protector of Chinese civilization" and "the first phase of China".

5. Hua Tuo (about AD 145-208) was a famous doctor at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Hua Tuo, Dong Feng and Zhang Zhongjing are also called "Jian 'an Three Magical Doctors". When I was young, I studied abroad and practiced medicine all over Anhui, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and other places. I didn't want to make progress in studying medicine. He has a comprehensive medical skill, especially good at surgery. And proficient in internal medicine, gynecology, pediatrics, acupuncture. In his later years, he was suspected by Cao Cao and tortured to death in prison.

Hua tuo was called "the master of surgery" and "the originator of surgery" by later generations. Later generations used to call him Hua Tuo, an imperial doctor, and praised him as a doctor with superior medical skills with "Hua Tuo reincarnation" and "Yuan reincarnation".

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-Anhui