Couplet culture

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? "Couplets", also known as couplets, door pairs, spring stickers, spring couplets, couplets and peach symbols, is a kind of dual literature, which originated from peach symbols. It is a antithetical sentence written on paper, cloth or engraved on bamboo, wood and columns. It is a unique art form of Chinese, concise and profound, neat and even, with the same number of words and the same structure.

? Couplets have a long history, and it is said that they originated from Meng Chang, the master of Shu after the Five Dynasties. He wrote an inscription on the peach symbol on the door panel of the dormitory: "When the New Year arrives, the number of festivals will be in Changchun", which means the words "Write the peach symbol" (see Shu Lang). This is the earliest couplet in China and the first Spring Festival couplet.

? Couplets can be classified in five ways: use, content, number of words, rhetorical skills and source of couplets. Couplets have four requirements: first, the number of words is equal and the sentences are consistent. In addition to deliberately leaving a place for a word to achieve a certain effect, the number of words in the upper and lower couplets must be the same, neither more nor less. Second, it is necessary to be honest and have a harmonious tone. The traditional habit is to "pucker up and fall flat", that is, the end of the last sentence of the first couplet is puckered up and the end of the last sentence of the second couplet is flat. Third, the parts of speech should be relative and the position should be consistent. It is generally called "virtual to virtual, real to real", which means that nouns to nouns, verbs to verbs, adjectives to adjectives, quantifiers to quantifiers, adverbs to adverbs and related words must be in the same position. Fourth, the content should be related and run through from top to bottom. The meaning of up and down links must be interrelated, but they cannot be repeated.

? "He Ji on the first floor? Du Shaoling's five-character swan song, Fan's two words care about love, Teng's everything is in full swing, and Lv Chunyang is drunk after three customs. Is it poetic? Ruye? Official? Ye Xian? Where were those lost times before me? , made me cry;

? Gentlemen, try it. Xiaoxiang in the south pole of Dongting Lake, Wuxia in the north of the Yangtze River, refreshing in Baling Mountain, and Jiang Yan in the east of Yuezhou City. Wanderer? who is it? Small town people? There is a real meaning in this. Who can read it? "

? This is the couplet on Yueyang Tower. According to the classification of couplets, this couplet can be called a couplet of places of interest. This is the topic of Dou Yuan, the magistrate of Guizhou in the late Qing Dynasty. The first part discusses the history vertically, eulogizes the humanities of Yueyang Tower, and uses poems to describe characters; Du Shaoling's Five-Word Farewell is quoted from the Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu's "Climbing Yueyang Tower": "I have heard about Dongting Lake for a long time, and now I finally climb this building. There are Wu in the east and Chu in the south, and I can see that the world is endless, and my relatives and friends have no news. I am sick and lonely, and there are tears in the north." "Fan Wenqian's concern for love" refers to the words "worry" and "joy" in Fan Zhongyan's Yueyang Tower. "Teng everything is thriving" means "Teng is guarding Baling County, and everything will be prosperous in the coming year." Lv Chunyang, a native of Lv Dongbin, is one of the Eight Immortals in ancient legends. According to legend, he boarded Yueyang Tower three times, and there is a legend of intoxicating beauty. By asking questions, four historical celebrities and legends related to Yueyang Tower are drawn, and "Where were those lost years before me?" Behind me, where are the future generations? I think of heaven and earth, there is no limit, there is no end, I am lonely, my coming from tear drops is quoted in Chen Ziang's "Climbing Youzhou Taiwan", which gives people a kind of sadness, a long history, a vast river and overwhelming feelings. The second part describes the landscape horizontally, describing the water potential of Dongting Lake and the scenery around Yueyang Tower and Dongting Lake. Dongting Lake is a reservoir, Yangtze River is a stream, Baling is a landscape, and Yuezhou is a town. The last sentence of the second couplet asks, "There is a real meaning in it. Who can understand it? " It contains infinite meaning and is thought-provoking. The antithesis, exposition and self-equivalence are used in couplets, which show things and truth in a hierarchical, comprehensive and complete way from different angles, from different people to different times. One person, one event, one layer after another reflects the beautiful story about Yueyang Tower and its surroundings, and reveals the reasons why Yueyang Tower is famous and magnificent. The referential relationship between the upper and lower couplets runs through. The repeated use of four function words "Ye" and "Zhe" in couplets has played a very good role in adjusting the structure of couplets, enhancing the momentum of couplets and expressing the author's feelings. The last word of the first couplet is "Xia", which is oblique, and the last word of the second couplet is "Lai", which is flat, even and harmonious. This couplet consists of eleven sentences, which are completed in one go. It is not completely confined to the meter. The rhythm of the couplet is sonorous, the charm is flowing, and Wang Yang is arrogant and has its own style. Reading is magnificent and inspiring.

? ? "People less name from the song dynasty; I went to the grave, surnamed Qin. " This couplet is located at the main entrance of Wang Yue Temple. According to the classification of couplets, this couplet can be called landscape couplet and elegiac couplet. Legend has it that Qin Dashi and the famous writer Yuan Mei visited the West Lake together. We visited the three beaches in Yin Yue together, and then came to Yuefen along Su Causeway. At first glance, we saw the statue of Mr. and Mrs. Qin Gui kneeling in front of Yue Fei's tomb, and they talked noisily. Yuan Mei found Qin Dashi embarrassed and jokingly said to him, "Qin Gong, let's make a couplet today. I'll do the first half and you do the second half. How come? " Without his consent, the first couplet was published: "People are ashamed of their names since the Song Dynasty." Qin Dashi blushed and said casually, "I was ashamed of my surname Qin when I went to the grave." The beauty of this couplet lies in the title of Yue Tomb without mentioning Yue Fei. Only from Qin Gui's side, the traitor Qin Gui was spurned and the national hero Yue Fei was admired. This is a good way to build a smooth road and hide the truth. Couplets contain the meaning of self-mockery and also express admiration for Yue Fei. The last word of the first couplet is "Bi", which is italicized, and the last word of the second couplet is "Qin", which is flat and even, which meets the requirements of couplets and has a harmonious tone.

? Not all couplets are formal. In addition, there are some interesting couplets, such as the banter couplets of Su Shi and Fo Yin. Su Shi met Fo Yin one day, and it happened that the dog on the river was gnawing at the bone, so he wrote the first couplet: the dog on the river was gnawing at the bone (monk), and Fo Yin was not happy. He threw the fan engraved with Su Shi's poems into the river and wrote the second couplet: Dongpo Poems of Water (corpse).

? Couplets have high cultural value, which is a unique artistic form of China's language and literature and the inheritance and development of China's traditional culture. As a vital art form, even today when modern civilization is highly developed, it still exudes unique artistic charm.