What are the main forms of traditional enterprise organizational structure?

Linear system is the earliest and simplest organizational form. Its characteristic is that the administrative units at all levels of the enterprise implement vertical leadership from top to bottom, and the subordinate departments only accept instructions from a superior, and the responsible persons at all levels are responsible for all problems of the subordinate units.

The factory department does not set up another functional organization (functional personnel can be set up to assist the supervisor), and all management functions are basically performed by the administrative supervisor himself. The advantages of linear organizational structure are: simple structure, clear responsibilities and unified orders.

2. Functional system?

Functional organizational structure is that administrative units at all levels set up some functional institutions in addition to the person in charge. Such as the establishment of functional institutions and personnel under the factory director to assist the factory director in functional management.

This structure requires the executive director to hand over the corresponding management responsibilities and powers to relevant functional organizations, and each functional organization has the right to give orders to subordinate administrative units within its own business scope. Therefore, in addition to the command of the superior administrative director, the subordinate administrative director must also accept the leadership of the superior functional organization. ?

3. Linear function system?

Linear functional system, also known as production area system, or linear employee system. It is based on linear system and functional system, learning from each other's strong points and absorbing the advantages of these two forms.

Most enterprises adopt this organizational structure. This organizational structure divides enterprise management institutions and personnel into two categories. One is linear leading bodies and personnel, who exercise command over organizations at all levels according to the principle of unified command; The other is functional organizations and personnel, who are engaged in the management of various functions of the organization according to the principle of specialization.

Linear leading bodies and personnel have certain decision-making power and command power to subordinates within their own responsibilities, and take full responsibility for the work of their own departments. Functional organizations and personnel are the staff of line commanders, and they cannot give orders to directly affiliated departments, but can only give business guidance. ?

4. Division system?

The division system was first put forward by Si Long, president of American General Motors Company, in 1924, so it is called Sloan model, also known as "federal decentralization", and it is a decentralized management system under high (hierarchical) centralization.

It is suitable for large enterprises with large scale, variety and complex technology, and is an organizational form adopted by large foreign joint companies. In recent years, some large domestic enterprise groups or companies have also introduced this organizational structure. ?

Extended data

Under the traditional functional enterprise management mode, once the organizational structure of bureaucratic enterprises is determined, it will remain unchanged for a long time. Because in this organizational structure, the relationship between people and roles is certain.

That is, subordinates report to their superiors, and superiors issue administrative orders to subordinates. Each functional department has certain job responsibilities, and the work of employees in the department is repetitive and unitary, so the corresponding organizational structure model is stable and rigid.

This traditional organizational structure has the advantages of straight-line management, the first level is responsible for the first level, the rights and responsibilities are clear, the organization is simplified, the orders are unified, it is convenient for unified management, and the degree of internal specialization is improved. At the same time, this organizational structure makes the decision-making power in the hands of top managers.

However, when great changes have taken place in the external environment of enterprises, such as the decline in the profit rate of the original market and the continuous expansion of the scale of enterprises, the defects of this organizational structure are increasingly exposed: the top leaders are busy with daily production and business activities, and the top leaders have a heavy burden and lack energy to consider long-term strategic development.

Moreover, the administrative organization is getting bigger and bigger, the horizontal connection between departments is weak, and the coordination between departments is becoming more and more difficult, which leads to the increase of information and management costs. And lead all functional members to pay attention to departmental goals rather than the overall goals of the enterprise. If communication is unfavorable, it will lead to contradictions between departments and affect work efficiency.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Enterprise Organizational Structure