Chinese language and literature majors include what specific majors?

Chinese language and literature is what we generally call "Chinese". This discipline seems to be very common, and our work, life is also very close, but because of its subordinate secondary disciplines and research direction is very much, each college and university specialization, the direction of the setting is very different, so often make a lot of researchers have a "chaotic flowers gradually bewitching eyes" feeling. Because of this, before applying for the examination, clear the head, grasp the Chinese language as a discipline under the professional setup, distribution is very important.

Chinese language and literature, as the name suggests, including language and literature two big specialties. According to the Ministry of Education on the division of disciplines, it mainly includes linguistics and applied linguistics, Chinese language and philology, literature and art, Chinese classical literature, ancient Chinese literature, Chinese modern and contemporary literature, Chinese minority languages and literatures, comparative literature and world literature 8 secondary disciplines, each secondary discipline, and a number of research directions. Of course, specific to each school, these eight secondary disciplines are not necessarily set up master's degree; research direction of the division of different departments are also based on their own research conditions and faculty strength to establish, can be said to be "their own way". What are the characteristics and differences between these "similar-looking" disciplines?

Linguistics and Applied Linguistics

Professional Introduction: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics focuses on the study of language in China, analyzing and summarizing the relationship between the genesis of human language and its inner laws. The discipline can be divided into theoretical linguistics and applied linguistics two blocks, theoretical linguistics tends to theoretical research, to explore the phonological, lexical, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic *** time structure and historical evolution of a particular language; applied linguistics refers to linguistic theory or methodology used in other fields and disciplines resulting in the application of interdisciplinary disciplines, such as corpus linguistics, legal linguistics, pedagogical linguistics, and so on, more practical. It is more practical. Chinese as a Foreign Language is a branch of applied linguistics in some universities.

Research directions: theoretical linguistics, applied linguistics, sociolinguistics and dialectology, language information processing, language testing, cultural linguistics, phonetics, teaching Chinese as a foreign language.

Courses Taken: History of Chinese Linguistics, Introduction to Linguistics, Study of Language Variation, Language and Culture, History of Chinese Linguistics, Linguistic Statistics, Chinese Dialectology, Semantics, Sociolinguistics, Experimental Phonetics, Research on Special Topics in Grammar, Research on Special Topics in Rhetoric, Research on Styles of Speech, Script Phonetic and Rhythmic Exegesis, and Teaching of Chinese to Foreigners.

Reference books: Outline of Linguistics (Ye Fusheng and Xu Tomang, Peking University Press); Introduction to Linguistics (Gao Mingkai and Shi Anshi, Zhonghua Shuji); A Course in General Linguistics (Saussure, The Commercial Press); Ancient Chinese, edited by Wang Li (Wang Li), Zhonghua Shuji; Modern Chinese, edited by Huang Borong and Liao Xudong (Liao Zhudong), Higher Education Press.

Employment Prospects: Most of them are engaged in teaching, research and training in colleges and universities, scientific research institutes, Chinese language training institutions for foreigners, press and publishing organizations, as well as secondary schools and state organs.

Recommended Colleges and Universities: Beijing Language and Culture University, Peking University, Nanjing Normal University, Shanghai Normal University, Nanjing University, Beijing Broadcasting University, Shanghai International Studies University, Xi'an International Studies University.

Enrollment: ★★★★

Now the shortage of Chinese language teaching talents is in the millions, and there is still a rising trend, the institutions have opened the Linguistics and Applied Linguistics majors, and at the same time increased the direction of Chinese as a foreign language, the enrollment of the heat is thus evident. Beijing Normal University in 2007, the number of applicants reached 891 people, a record high, the acceptance ratio is generally less than 10%.

Chinese Language and Literature

Professional introduction: Chinese Language and Literature is a traditional discipline of language, which is divided into two major directions: modern Chinese language and ancient Chinese language. It includes a series of disciplines such as traditional philology, phonetics, exegesis, and modern Chinese character science, Chinese phonetics, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, rhetoric, etc. It mainly studies the evolution of the spoken and written Chinese language systems from the ancient times to the modern times, the structural characteristics and the reality of the Chinese language. Modern Chinese focuses on the study of modern Putonghua and dialects, and is closely related to linguistics and applied linguistics; Ancient Chinese focuses on the study of ancient scripts (oracle bone inscriptions, jinwen, liushu, etc.), ancient phonetics, exegesis, vocabulary, etc., and is closely related to historical bibliography, archaeology and ancient literature.

Research interests: Chinese dialects, history of Chinese language, Chinese lexicography, modern Chinese grammar and rhetoric, phonetics and script exegesis, vocabulary and grammar of ancient and middle Chinese, Chinese phonetics, history of Chinese language development, information processing of Chinese characters, and teaching of Chinese as a foreign language.

Courses Taken: Ancient Chinese Grammar, History of Chinese Phonetics, Phonology, Exegesis, Characterization, Chinese Rhetoric, Linguistic Theory, Modern Chinese Grammar, History of Chinese Linguistics, History of Chinese Language, Chinese Historical Materials, Dialect Studies, Lexicographic Studies, and so on.

Reference books: Modern Chinese, Huang Borong and Liao Xudong, Higher Education Press; Ancient Chinese, Guo Xiliang, Commercial Press; Problems of Grammatical Analysis of the Chinese Language, Lv Shuxiang, Commercial Press; Rhetoric Fafan, Chen Wangdao, Shanghai Education Press; Outline of Characteristics, Qiu Xigui, Commercial Press; Explaining the Characters of Chinese Words, Xu Shen, Zhonghua Shushu Bureaus.

Employment Prospects: Generally, they are employed in colleges and universities, national cultural and publishing departments, secondary schools, and Chinese language training institutions.

Recommended Colleges and Universities: Fudan University, Peking University, Beijing Normal University, Shanghai Normal University, Beijing Language and Culture University, Northeast Normal University, Hunan Normal University and so on.

Enrollment heat: ★★★★★

As a long history of traditional basic disciplines, its professional nature is prominent, many famous schools and teachers, employment and further study of the way out of the better, the possibility of graduate students into the university is relatively large, the number of people applying over the years is also very stable.

Literary Arts

Professional introduction: Literary Arts, also known as Literature, is the study of the nature and characteristics of literature and its occurrence, the development of the law, to give guidance to the practice of literature. The scope of literary studies is very broad, including literary theory, literary criticism, literary phenomena, and literary history, etc. Today's researchers have also shifted their perspective to the emerging and dynamic aspects of cultural studies. The program is closely linked to philosophy and is highly theoretical and discursive.

Research interests: literary theory, literary aesthetics, literary criticism, culture and poetics, Western literature, comparative poetics between China and the West, classical Chinese poetics, and the history of Chinese literary criticism.

Courses Taken: Methods and Systems of Literature and Art, Western Classical Aesthetics, Western Contemporary Aesthetics, Topical Studies in the History of Ancient Chinese Aesthetics, Psychology of Literature and Art, Methodology of Literature and Art, Study of Literary and Artistic Trends in Marx and Lenin Literature, Formal Aesthetics, Western Literary and Cultural Theory, Study of Chinese Poetics, Contemporary Anthropology of Aesthetics, and Modern Chinese Literary Criticism.

Reference books: "Literary Theory Course (Revised Edition)" Tong Qingbing, Higher Education Press; "History of Western Aesthetics (Upper and Lower)" Zhu Guangqian, People's Literature Publishing House; "Selected Masterpieces of Western Literary and Art Theory" Wu Lifu, Hu Jingzhi, Peking University Press; "Aesthetics" Zhu Liyuan, Higher Education Press; "Outline of the History of Chinese Aesthetics" Ye Lang, Shanghai People's Publishing House.

Employment Prospects: Most of them enter cultural organizations and news media units, engaging in literary criticism, editing, publicity planning and other work.

Recommended colleges and universities: Beijing Normal University, Zhejiang University, Fudan University, Renmin University of China, Shandong University, Nanjing University, Peking University, Capital Normal University and so on.

Enrollment heat: ★★★

Literature and art majors due to the very strong theoretical, abstract content of the subject, so the heat of the enrollment in the literary specialties in general. Candidates who choose this specialty, most of them are out of interest and hobby, so the number of applicants, although not many, is elite. At the same time, due to the small number of students enrolled in the institutions, the admission ratio is usually around 15 percent.

Chinese Classical Literature

Professional Profile: Chinese Classical Literature to organize and study the ancient Chinese classics, promote traditional culture for the purpose. As an independent discipline, Classical Chinese Literature is very "young", only 20 years of development history. This profession is mainly committed to the research and organization of ancient Chinese canonical books, such as the total collection of literary works, writers through the ages, the proofreading, annotation, anonymous, editing, writers, works of basic historical materials, the collation of research, writing biographies of writers, literary activities, works of the Department of the year, as well as the evolution of the writing skills, the evolution of the genre of the account and the evidence, and so on.

Research Direction: Pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, North and South Dynasties literary literature, Tang and Song literary literature, Yuan, Ming and Qing literary literature.

Courses taken: Ancient Book Proofreading, Ancient Book Edition, Ancient Book Arrangement Practice, Ancient Book Study, History of Chinese Cataloging, Morphology of Classical Literature, Ancient Book Examination, Ancient Book Identification, Ancient Book Compilation, Ancient Book Retrieval, and so on.

Bibliography: Chinese Ancient Bibliography, Sun Qinshan, Peking University Press; Outline of Chinese History, Jian Bozan, People's Publishing House; Bibliography, Wang Xinfu, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House; History of Chinese Literature, You Guo'en, People's Literature Publishing House; Outline of Bibliography, Du Zexun, Zhonghua Bookstore.

Employment Prospects: You can enter universities, scientific research institutions, publishing houses, libraries, cultural industries and other related departments to engage in classical literature research and teaching work.

Recommended institutions: Peking University, Nanjing University, Beijing Normal University, Fudan University, Central China Normal University, Shandong University, Northeast Normal University, Nankai University, East China Normal University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shanghai Normal University, Wuhan University and so on.

Enrollment degree: ★

Chinese classical literature professionalism, research content is more remote, employment is subject to certain restrictions. And has been enrollment is not much, most of the applicants are interested in this area of candidates, most of its master's degree is located in the Institute, so the number of applicants each year is relatively small.

Ancient Chinese Literature

Professional Profile: Ancient Chinese Literature is one of the most fascinating parts of traditional Chinese culture. This major takes the history of ancient literature, the evolution of literary genres, the works of writers, literary genres, literary phenomena, canonical books, literary theories, and the relationship between literature of various periods as the object of study, thus requiring the candidates to have a certain degree of ancient literature and the ability to appreciate literature, and to be familiar with a certain period of historical development of literature.

Directions of study: pre-Qin and Han literature, Wei, Jin, Sui, and Tang literature, Song and Yuan literature, Ming and Qing literature, and modern literature, history of split literature, and ancient literary theories.

Courses taken: collation, study of poetry, study of Chu Rhetoric, study of the Historical Records, study of Du Poetry, history of pre-Qin and Han literature, poetry of the Six Dynasties, study of Tang literature, study of Song literature, history of novels of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, study of modern literature, modern scholars' methodology, history of Chinese drama, history of ancient Chinese literature, history of Chinese literary criticism.

Bibliography: History of Chinese Literature, edited by Yuan Xingjue, Higher Education Press; History of Chinese Literature, edited by You Guo'en and others, People's Literature Publishing House; Ancient Chinese, Wang Li, Zhonghua Shuju; Selected Literary Works of China Throughout the Ages, edited by Zhu Dongrun, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House; Selected Literary Works of China Throughout the Ages, edited by Luo Zongqiang and Chen Hong, Higher Education Press.

Employment Prospects: In recent years, the rise of the "national science fever" to revitalize the ancient Chinese literature profession, the number of students enrolled in this profession, graduates are engaged in teaching, cultural propaganda, academic research, news and publishing editorial work.

Recommended institutions: Fudan University, Peking University, Nanjing University, Nanjing Normal University, Nankai University, Sun Yat-sen University, Soochow University, Capital Normal University, Sichuan University and so on.

Heat of application: ★★★★

Many graduate students majoring in ancient literature believe that they chose this specialty because of their interest rather than its practical value. In fact, judging from the situation in recent years, interest in ancient literature seems to have become the orientation of the whole society. This has made the originally hot and stable ancient literature major more and more hot, and the admission ratio of Peking University in 2007 was as high as 3:100.

Chinese Modern and Contemporary Literature

Professional Introduction: Chinese Modern and Contemporary Literature focuses on the close integration of academic research and real issues. It mainly reviews the literary theories and literary trends since the 20th century, conducts in-depth research on the historical development of modern and contemporary literature, the flow of ideas, literary groups, and writers' works, and explores the links between literature and vernacular culture, enlightenment culture, and political ideology, and, with a broad vision and the combination of new and emerging research methodologies, puts the traditional study of literature in the context of the ever-increasing "modernization" and "modernization". With a broad vision, combined with emerging research methods, the study of traditional literature is placed in the ever-increasing process of "modernization" and "globalization", in order to understand and respond to the new literary and cultural issues brought about by the great changes in contemporary society. Chinese modern and contemporary literature at Peking University and Nanjing University is a national key discipline.

Research interests: modern Chinese literature, contemporary Chinese literature, children's literature, theater and film literature, science fiction literature, folk literature, contemporary culture and literary studies, twentieth-century Chinese literary trends, contemporary Chinese literature and vernacular culture.

Courses Taken: History of 20th Century Chinese Literature, History of Modern Chinese Thought and Culture, History of Modern Chinese Literary Criticism, History of Modern Chinese Literature, Modern Chinese Writers, Modern Chinese Literary Controversies, History of Modern Taiwan and Hong Kong Literature, History of Modern and Contemporary Literary Trends, Introduction to Literary Classics, Introduction to Contemporary Literature, Contemporary Literature, and Contemporary Literary Topics in Various Genres.

Reference books: A Course in Literary Theory (Revised Edition) by Tong Qingbing, Higher Education Press; A History of Chinese Literature by Yuan Xingjue, Higher Education Press; Thirty Years of Modern Chinese Literature by Qian Liqun and others, Peking University Press; A Brief History of New Chinese Literature edited by Liu Xiquing, Beijing Normal University Press; A History of Contemporary Chinese Literature by Hong Zicheng, Peking University Press.

Employment Prospects: Generally employed in enterprises, colleges and universities, cultural units, press and publishing organizations.

Recommended Colleges and Universities: Peking University, Fudan University, Nanjing University, Renmin University, Beijing Normal University, Central China Normal University, Sun Yat-sen University, East China Normal University, Shanghai University, Henan University, and the Central Academy of Drama.

Enrollment heat: ★★★★

Current and contemporary literature enrollment is large, strong sense of the times, the knowledge covers a shorter period of time, easy to start and review, and has become the first choice of many cross-candidates. Coupled with the broad space for further study in this specialty, the number of applicants for this specialty has been high, and the situation in the past two years has been particularly prominent, with the acceptance rates of Peking University, Nanjing University, and Beijing Normal University in 2007 being 6%, 9%, and 7%, respectively, and the popularity of the program can be seen.

Comparative Literature and World Literature

Professional Profile: Comparative Literature and World Literature is a composite discipline. Its research is based on absorbing the results of traditional world literature research, breaking the boundaries of the inherent disciplines, the world literature, European and American literature into the global overall pattern, and promote Chinese culture. The program requires candidates to have a solid foundation in Chinese and foreign literature and a broad cultural vision, as well as a good command of foreign languages and the ability to read foreign literature proficiently.

Specialties of study: Sino-foreign literary relations, comparative literature and literary theory, studies of Chinese literature in the world, foreign literature and translation studies, comparative literary theory, Western literature and comparative literature between China and the West, Oriental literature and comparative literature between the East and the Orient, comparative poetics, European and American literature, and Chinese studies abroad.

Courses taken: Principles of Comparative Literature, Introduction to Comparative Literature, Special Studies in Western Literary Theory, Studies in the Relationship between Chinese and Foreign Literature, Special Studies in Western Literature, Modern Chinese Literature and Foreign Literature, Comparative Poetics between China and the West, Chinese and Japanese Literature, Comparative Aesthetics, Comparative Literature and Art, English and American Literature in Original Texts, Comparative Studies in Aesthetics of the West and the East, Modern Literature of the West and the East, Modern Literature of the West, and others.

Bibliography: Introduction to Comparative Literature, edited by Chen Dun and Liu Xiangyu, Beijing Normal University Press; History of Foreign Literature (European and American Volume), edited by Zhu Weizhi and others, Nankai University Press; General History of Oriental Literature, edited by Wang Xiangyuan, Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House; Course on Literary Theory (Revised), edited by Tong Qingbing, Higher Education Publishing House; History of Chinese Literature, edited by Yuan Xingyu. Higher Education Press.

Employment Prospects: Mainly employed in colleges and universities, scientific research units, press and publishing industry, and foreign-related enterprises.

Recommended Colleges and Universities: Sichuan University, Peking University, Fudan University, Central China Normal University, Beijing Foreign Studies University, East China Normal University, Tianjin Normal University.

Heat of application: ★★★★★

The advantage of this specialty is reflected in its openness and openness, but the requirements for foreign languages are very high. The Department of Foreign Languages has a similar major, which is more suitable for applicants who are interested in the study of foreign literature itself, and its application heat has been stable and moderate.

Chinese Minority Languages and Literatures

Professional Introduction: Chinese Minority Languages and Literatures is designed to cultivate specialists with systematic knowledge of relevant minority languages and literatures, and able to engage in teaching, scientific research, translation, literary creation, journalism and other work in the education and cultural departments and units of minority nationalities. The program focuses on the study of the language and literature of the relevant ethnic groups, the understanding of the relevant theories, history of development, and the current status of research, as well as training in the business skills required for professional work. The program is geographically strong, and only a few colleges and universities offer it.

Research directions: minority language studies, minority literature studies, minority literature studies, studies of Chinese ethnic policies through the ages, history of Chinese minority relations, history of Chinese minority ethnic groups, Tibetan language and literature studies, Uyghur language studies and applications, and literature translation studies.

Courses taken: Introduction to Linguistics, Ancient Chinese, Modern Chinese, Introduction to Literature, History of Chinese Literature, History of Related Ethnic Languages, History of Related Ethnic Literature, Modern Languages of Related Ethnic Groups, Comparison of Grammar of Chinese and Ethnic Languages, History of Related Ethnic Groups.

Employment Prospects: Mainly employed in the education and cultural departments of ethnic minorities and related organizations.

Recommended colleges and universities: Central University for Nationalities, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Nankai University, Sichuan University, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang Normal University, Northwest University for Nationalities, Tibet University, Sichuan Normal University, Inner Mongolia University, Guizhou Institute for Nationalities, Yunnan University for Nationalities, Southwest University for Nationalities.

Enrollment: ★

Chinese minority languages and literature are distinctive, both language and literature in the nature of the profession. There are few colleges and universities and most of them are in the western region. Due to the limitation of language, most of the applicants are local or national candidates. Its academic research specialization, enrollment is very limited, so the number of applicants is also relatively small.

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Note: The "research direction", "courses taken" and "references" in this article are as follows Candidates in the choice of application, you need to check on the website of the relevant universities and colleges to see if the professional direction of the setting and the exact bibliography.

It has been said above that the Classical Literature major is counted as a major in Chinese language and literature.

Answer to the question:

Question: Your answer is very good, but it seems that all these majors you mentioned are not available, right? I remember the college entrance examination only "Chinese language and literature" this kind of major, is commonly known as the Chinese Department, and you said the ancient Chinese literature, comparative literature and world literature, Chinese modern and contemporary literature and so on, are among the required courses. So is this Chinese department considered a Chinese language and literature program? You don't seem to have mentioned it. What's going on here? I'm a little confused!

These majors are all Chinese language and literature graduate enrollment majors, and can be enrolled in graduate school.

The Chinese language and literature majors in the college entrance examination are Chinese language and literature, Chinese linguistics, Chinese as a foreign language, and so on.

The Chinese Language and Literature is our general understanding of the Chinese Department, which emphasizes "literature". Students mainly study the basic theory and basic knowledge of Chinese language and literature, and the courses offered are aimed at cultivating talents with a certain degree of literary theory and systematic knowledge of Chinese language and literature, so that they can excel in all walks of life.

The study of Chinese language focuses on the nature, characteristics, structure, function, origin and development of language. On the one hand, it is necessary to explore and summarize the thousands of years of civilization history of the Han nation, on the other hand, it can also open the way for the future development of Chinese language. Due to the development of Chinese as a foreign language and Chinese information processing, especially the use of language research results in the field of information processing technology, the Chinese language program has developed rapidly in recent years.

Classical Literature takes the ancient documents survived in ancient China as the research object, cultivates the literature specialists who have the comprehensive and systematic knowledge of Chinese ancient book arrangement and classical literature, and can be engaged in the practical work of ancient book arrangement, teaching and research work of classical literature. Now classical literature is rapidly moving towards the world after a long development process of several thousand years.

Chinese minority languages and literatures mainly cultivate talents with comprehensive and systematic knowledge of minority languages and literatures, who can be engaged in teaching and researching, editing and translating, journalism and literature of minority languages, characters, literatures and literatures. With the increase of interactions among various ethnic groups, the maintenance of their own language and culture has become an urgent task.

Chinese as a foreign language appeared in the 1980s, specializing in the training of deep Chinese language and culture, proficiency in English, and later engaged in teaching Chinese as a foreign language at home and abroad, or engaged in foreign cultural exchanges of practical professionals. Chinese as a foreign language is a sunrise profession, in the increasingly frequent foreign exchanges today, the development space is broader.

Chinese language and culture emphasizes the word "culture", including all the knowledge related to Chinese traditional culture. This program cultivates general language and culture talents who have a high level of Chinese language proficiency, comprehensive knowledge of China's national conditions and culture, a certain degree of Chinese language and culture literacy and preliminary research ability, and who can skillfully use the Chinese language to carry out related work.

Applied Linguistics is a fringe discipline for the study of language and language teaching, which emerged at the end of the 19th century. Applied Linguistics is based on linguistics, but is not limited to the knowledge of language theory and language depiction. This discipline cultivates specialists with solid basic theories and systematic expertise in linguistics and applied linguistics, who are able to engage in scientific research in their own specialties or in disciplines related to or similar to their own, and who are able to master a foreign language and computer applications more proficiently. After graduation, students can be engaged in language teaching, especially teaching Chinese as a foreign language; they can also be engaged in related work in news, publishing, culture, party and government departments.

The above seven Chinese language and literature majors, only the Chinese language and culture and applied linguistics to open less institutions, enrollment is also relatively small, such as applied linguistics, only Tsinghua University, Peking University, Shanghai Normal University, Sichuan University, Southwest University for Nationalities and a few other institutions to open, and thus appear to be "single power alone", the other brothers can be branches and leaves. Other brothers can be flourishing, for the majority of students to choose to provide a wide range of space.

"Chinese Department" is the name of the department, not the name of the program.