Newbie question, how did the Ottomans westernize?

The reform can be roughly divided into three phases, the first of which began with Sultan Selim III, who came to power in 1789, but culminated in the "Royal Decree of the Hall of Flowers" issued by the crown prince Sultan Abdul Majid in 1839, which marked the beginning of the era of "Tanzimat" (meaning "reform" in Turkish). This document marked the beginning of the "Tanzimat" (Turkish for "reform") era.

The main purpose of the edict was to learn from the West and to emulate the political and economic models of Western European countries. But the biggest difference between this edict and the previous ones was the concept of equality for all, which was tantamount to announcing that the Ottoman Empire would make a clean break with traditional Islam and that Ottomanism would replace Islam as the new state policy of the empire.

The promulgation of the Imperial Edict of the Hall of Flowers marked the point at which the Ottoman elite finally realized that the power of the West stemmed superficially from its advanced science and technology, but essentially the driving force behind this progress came from the way its nation-states were organized politically. To confront the West, it was necessary to simultaneously reform the empire in terms of the form of its political organization. Thus, the elites decided to follow the Western model of the absolutist state and sought to create an Ottoman nation by absorbing and unifying the various ethnic groups that were subject to the Ottomans, integrating the various forces within the empire. The specific way of integration is to first centralize power to the Sultan by strengthening centralization, and then the Sultan led the top-down reforms.