What is the aesthetic pursuit of poetry?

Aesthetic standards of poetic language

Writing poetry requires a lot of literary means. Such as "white hair and three thousands of feet, sorrow is like a long beard" exaggeration; "Until the bank at low tide widens, no wind stirs my lonely sail" uses duality; "Like a strong wind in spring, it blows at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees" is a metaphor; "Never tire of looking at each other, only respect Tingshan" is personified; "Shuo, Shuo, no food for me" Repeat; There are thimbles, metonymy, parallelism, rhetorical questions, fu and bi xing. Poetic language should also pay attention to syllables and rhymes, but no matter which method or methods are used, according to my experience, a good poetic language should achieve four words, that is, the standard of four words.

The first word is shun. In other words, the word is smooth, the gas is smooth, the feeling is smooth, and it is smooth. The so-called fluency means natural fluency, no awkwardness and no obscurity. Bai Juyi often reads the written poems to the old woman, and if she doesn't understand them, she corrects them until the old woman understands them. What she pursues is easy to understand, smooth and natural. Famous sentences throughout the ages are smooth and natural sentences. Neither of us is happy-forever old, we meet. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " ; "The sunset is lonely in Qi Fei, and the autumn water is * * * one color"; "But you only need to go up a flight of stairs, and you can broaden your horizons by 300 miles"; "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but toward which corner of the mountain" and so on. The so-called fluency is to require a rhyme to the end, in one go. A calligraphy should be fluent, a painting should be fluent, a song should be harmonious, and a poem is no exception. Be catchy, fluent and natural. The so-called affection is to feel, to be pure, not to be hypocritical and not to moan. In a poem, emotions are often changeable and restrained, but they should be unified and come down in one continuous line. Rationalization means that the reasoning in argumentative poems should be correct, impartial and have high taste and knowledge. In short, poetry should be fluent from content to form, from thought to language. "Shun" is the basic requirement of poetry writing.

The second word is "cut". That is to say, the description of the shape, sound and things of people or things should be accurate and appropriate, related to topics, meanings, feelings and scenery, timely and timely, in line with the identity of the characters, what songs to sing on what mountains and what to say to whom. Understand the meaning of words, phrases and sentences, and accurately grasp allusions, legends and history. Liu Xie said, "Fu Meijin's clothes have been trimmed." The great writer Mo Bosang said, "No matter what people want to say, only one word can express it, a verb can make it vivid, and an adjective can define its nature. Therefore, we must seek until we find this word, this verb and adjective will stop, and we can never be satisfied with it. " No wonder Wang Anshi changed the word "Zhi" to "Zhi", to "Zhi", to "Zhi" and finally to "Qing". In the Yellow Valley, the word "hold" was changed to "occupy", changed to "be present", changed to "take", changed to "want" and finally determined to be "use". Fan Zhongyan changed the word "virtue" to "wind", and Jia Dao changed the word "push" to "knock", which is really "singing a word to break a few whiskers" and pursuing a word "cut".

The third word is "new". "New" includes new content and new language. The new content includes new angles, new ideas, publicizing personality and writing poems with unique opinions. Newspeak refers to the refinement of words, and the choice of words and sentences should be fresh and novel. It is necessary to get rid of stereotypes, parrot-talk, innovate and renovate allusions. "Chewing the steamed bread bitten by others is tasteless", which is the truth. Poetry is indispensable for writing landscapes. As far as landscape writing is concerned. "Moonlight in the pine forest, crystal stone in the stream" is very fresh; "Small Bridge Flowing Water Family" writes Jiangnan characteristics; "Red flowers are better than fire at sunrise, and the riverside is as green as blue" writes the unique scenery of spring in the south of the Yangtze River. "there is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, and you can see the endless drifting of heaven and earth" wrote the special feelings of the vast and magnificent Dongting Lake and poets; "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen", which writes the majestic and lonely dusk in the northwest; "Ask how much you can worry about, like a river flowing in the east" is about the pain in the soul of a monarch who has lost his country. In a word, these poems all describe the novelty of the scenery. Look at the writer again. Dou E's grievances, the pain of selling charcoal Weng, and the life experience and skills of pipa girls are all written with distinct personalities. "The thread in the hand of a kind-hearted mother made clothes for her wayward son's body ..." Write kindness and maternal love with daily trivia; "However, before she came to us, we shouted for a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar so that we wouldn't see it." She wrote down the details and actions shyly and helplessly. "Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun", and the sincerity and profundity of feelings are written by metaphor and exaggeration. In a word, whether the ancients wrote about husbands, ladies, scribes and widows, they were all vivid and distinctive, which really highlighted the word "new".

The fourth word is "change". Poetry is short and pithy, especially modern poetry, which is as short as 20 words and the seven rhymes are only 56 words. It is also restricted by leveling, antithesis and rhyme, and the terms are omitted, jumped and inverted. For example, if omitted, the text of "Mao Dian Yue Ji Ming" has no verbs and obviously omits the predicate; Another example is Du Fu's "Where petals flow like tears, lonely birds sing their sorrows". The subject of tears is not flowers, and the subject of shock is not birds. Their subjects are all people, but they are omitted. These poems are famous, and the omitted poems are more refined, more vivid and richer in content. Look at the example of jumping. "You ask the return date is undecided, and it rains at night. When * * * cut the bamboo at the west window, we talked about the rain at night. "One or two sentences in the poem, the author Li Shangyin focuses on the present and answers the return date, while the night is rainy and the heart is extremely sad. The third sentence assumes that the fourth sentence jumps to the scene where we meet in the future to construct the whole poem. Poetry is as clear as words, but it is profound and tortuous, implicit and meaningful, with endless aftertaste. Let's look at the flip. Cen Can's "On Receiving the Messenger from the Capital" is "The East Road is Far"; It should be "looking east to the homeland, the road is long and its Xiu Yuan is Xi. "Xin Qiji's Bright Moon Surprises the Magpie, and the Night Breeze Cries the Cicada" should be changed to "Magpie Surprises" and "Cicada Singing" to "Cicada Singing". Du Fu's "green bamboo shoots hang down the wind, red flowers bloom in the rain and fat plums grow" should also be "green bamboo shoots hang down the wind and fat plums bloom in the rain and fat plums grow". This change is not only balanced and harmonious, but also vivid and impressive.