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Metal atom doped graphene crystal spacing

0.335 nanometers. Metal atom doping of graphene can affect the electronic structure, electrical conductivity, and other properties of graphene. Graphene's crystal plane spacing is typically 0.335 nanometers, which is determined by the bond lengths between carbon atoms within the graphene molecule. When metal atoms dope graphene, they introduce perturbations that cause small changes in the crystal plane spacing.