How to use and maintain power tools?

The power machinery used in the management of garden green space is mainly small machinery powered by fuel. Through the work of the engine, the garden is divided into four-stroke engine and two-stroke engine.

Four-stroke engines use pure gasoline, such as lawn mowers.

The fuel used in a two-stroke engine is a mixture of steam and engine oil. The mixing ratio of gasoline and engine oil is 20∶ 1 or 25∶ 1, such as hedge trimmer, brush cutter, high-branch chainsaw, etc.

First, the lawn mower

Lawn trimmer, referred to as lawn mower, plays an important role in lawn maintenance.

(1) Types of lawn mowers and their main working parts

1. According to the mowing method of the work site.

(1) hob lawn trimmer: The main working parts are spiral hob and bottom knife. The blades arranged in a spiral line have cutting edges. When the hob rotates, the spiral blade cuts the grass stem. This machine is suitable for lawns with small mowing amount, mainly used for lawns with flat ground and high quality, such as dressing areas of various sports fields and golf courses.

(2) Rotary lawn trimmer: The main working part is the horizontal rotary cutter, which cuts the grass stems through the high-speed rotation of the blade when working. Rotary lawn trimmer mainly prunes long grass and is suitable for ordinary lawns.

(3) Reciprocating lawn trimmer: The main working part is a set of reciprocating cutters with a length of 600 ~ 1200mm. This trimmer is mainly used to trim long grass, such as green belts on both sides of roads and river banks, weeds and shrubs.

(4) Swing knife lawn trimmer: The main working part is the cutting blade rotating in the vertical plane, which is called swing knife. When working, the blade straightens and rotates quickly under the action of centrifugal force, cutting off the grass stem and throwing it to the rear. Suitable for cutting weeds with thick stems.

(5) Rope-throwing mower: This mower uses nylon rope or steel wire rope to replace the circular saw blade or blade on the working head of the brush cutter. When mowing, lawn plants are crushed by it at the moment when they contact the high-speed rotating rope to achieve the purpose of mowing.

Fig. 6-4 Schematic diagram of mower 1- handrail structure; 2nd gear shift lever; 3- throttle; 4-protective cover; 5- gasoline tank; 6— Start the handle; 7-Fuel switch; 8— Air filter; 9— Spark plug; 10- muffler; 1 1- dipstick; 12- engine number; 13- mowing height adjustment handle; 14-frame number; 15- grass collection box; 16-Handrail Locking Screw 134 1252. Lawn trimmer

Lawn trimmers can be divided into hand-propelled (as shown in Figure 6-4), self-propelled, riding (as shown in Figure 6-5), tractor-drawn and other types according to the operation mode.

Figure 6-5 Instructions for Use of Mounted Mower (II)

Lawn trimmer must strictly implement the operating specifications in the use process to ensure personal safety and the service life of the machine. There are many kinds of lawn mowers, but their operation and use are basically similar. The following is a detailed introduction to their use.

1. Check before use

(1) Check all parts for looseness and damage, and replace them if necessary.

(2) Check the oil and gasoline. The oil level must be checked before each use, and the oil level should be within the scope of the dipstick. Not too much, too much will make the air filter damp, make it difficult for the engine to start, or emit blue smoke, or even cause overspeed; Insufficient lubrication and cooling will cause cylinder pulling, damage crankshaft connecting rod, and serious damage to cylinder block. The commonly used walking lawn mower is a pure gasoline engine, and the amount of oil in the fuel tank should be checked before the engine starts. If there is no fuel or the fuel quantity is too low, add fuel. You must use pure gasoline, not mixed oil of engine oil and gasoline, and don't use dirty oil. Avoid dirt such as dust and water from entering the fuel tank. Don't let the gasoline in the tank overflow. After refueling, tighten the tank cover.

(3) Check whether the air filter is blocked by dirt, and clean it if it is blocked by dirt. Clean every 8 hours and replace the filter element every 50 hours.

(4) Adjust the mowing height. In order to accurately measure the grass height of the existing lawn, the appropriate grass cutting height should be selected according to the one-third rule of lawn maintenance. Adjust the stubble adjusting handle to an appropriate height.

(5) Install a grass collecting bag or a grass outlet as required.

(6) Check the cutting blade, look forward from the back, lift the left side of the mower, and check the firmness of the cutting blade.

begin

(1) Turn the gasoline switch to the ON position. When the car is cold, put the throttle handle plate in the choke position. When the engine is hot or the temperature is high, do not use the choke valve and turn the throttle to a higher position.

(2) Hold the pull rope handle, slowly pull the starting rope until there is resistance, then continuously and quickly pull the starting rope, and then put the starting handle back to its original position after the gasoline engine is started. The starter has a rebound device. When you release the handle by hand, the rope will automatically retract.

(3) If a choke valve is used for starting, once a fire breaks out, the throttle should be turned to a large throttle position, and the choke valve should not be used after the engine temperature rises.

(4) For a well-started engine, it is recommended to start the engine at a higher position.

work

(1) Obstacles such as stones, tree stems and iron piles on the lawn must be cleaned before mowing. Immovable obstacles should be marked with eye-catching marks. It is not allowed to operate on the wet ground, because the wet road is dangerous and will hurt the machine.

(2) According to the height and lush degree of lawn grass, master the implementation speed of lawn machine. Hand-push type is based on the fact that people don't push hard, and self-propelled type only needs to close the clutch, that is, push forward at a constant speed.

(3) When the hand-push mower turns, press the handle down with both hands to make the front wheel off the ground before turning. When the self-propelled mower turns, first loosen the clutch handle, and then press the handle with both hands to make the front wheel off the ground before turning.

(4) When cleaning the hay box, turn off the engine.

Stop the machine

(1) Push the throttle control handle to the slow position, and then push it to the stop position after running for 2 minutes to stop the engine.

(2) Before stopping the engine with the brake, slow it down, and then release the brake handle to stop the engine.

(3) Maintenance and storage

1) Blade: Always check the connection of the blade sleeve. When the blade touches other objects in use, it should be checked in time, and the severely worn blade should be replaced in time.

(2) pen houses: the inside of pen houses should be cleaned frequently, and things attached to pen houses such as broken grass and sludge will affect the smooth grass production and cause corrosion. When cleaning the casing, you can tilt the mower, but pay attention to the tilting direction, and make sure that the side of the empty filter element is up to prevent the air defense filter element from being contaminated by oil pollution, resulting in poor ventilation.

(3) Maintain the gasoline engine in strict accordance with its service requirements.

(4) Lubrication: Lubricate the front and rear rollers with light engine oil at least once every quarter. Self-propelled transmission mechanism should be cleaned and replaced after two years of use.

(5) When it is not used for a long time, the gasoline in the carburetor should be drained, and then turned on until it is automatically turned off, so that the gasoline in the carburetor can be completely burned. Because gasoline is stored for too long, it will cause gelatinous and block the carburetor. Before storage, the internal and external surfaces of the machine should be thoroughly cleaned, and the surfaces of rotating parts and blades should be oiled to prevent rust.

(4) Precautions for safe operation

(1) When using, do not wear barefoot or sandals, but wear work clothes and work shoes.

(2) Be familiar with the operation process and read the instructions of the lawn mower carefully. Learn to turn off the engine in any emergency.

(3) Make sure that there are no sticks, stones, wires and other rubbish on the grass, so as to prevent the blades of the lawn mower from throwing them up and hurting people.

(4) When removing obstacles, inspecting or repairing the lawn mower, be sure to turn off the engine and unplug the spark plug cover.

(5) Carefully check all parts before use to ensure that the mower blade is firmly connected with the mower without any damage. Replace old and damaged blades or screws in sets to avoid unstable operation of the machine. It is dangerous to use damaged blades and screws.

(6) Always check all nuts, screws and screws to ensure that the lawn mower is in a safe running state.

(7) When starting the engine, please keep your feet away from the mower blade.

(8) Turn off the engine as long as you leave the lawn mower.

(9) When mowing, please lower the throttle; Please turn off the fuel switch when the engine is not in use.

(10) You can mow the grass only in fine weather.

(1 1) Please don't mow the grass when walking backwards.

(12) Don't use the lawn mower without installing the grass collection box.

Second, the brush cutter

The invention is mainly suitable for trimming irregular and uneven ground beside forest roads, weeds, shrubs and artificial lawns. The lawn mowed by the brush cutter is uneven, and the site looks a little messy after the operation, but its characteristics of portability and adaptability to special environment play an irreplaceable role in other lawn mowers. The structure of the brush cutter is shown in Figure 6-6.

Fig. 6-6 structure of brush cutter 1- oil tank; 2- starter; 3- air filter; 4- tripod; 5-hook; 6- cover; 7— Sheath; 8— Handle; 9— Handle bracket; 10- throttle; 1 1- throttle flexible shaft; 12- transfer pipe; 13- safety baffle; 14- gearbox; 15- blade; 16- engine switch; 17- disc nut

Precautions for use

(1) Please read the instructions carefully before use. Use in strict accordance with the instructions.

(2) Before use, all parts must be carefully checked to make sure that there are no abnormalities such as screw looseness, oil leakage, damage and deformation before starting work. In particular, the blade and blade connection parts should be carefully checked.

(3) Operators should wear work boots, tights and protective glasses to ensure personal safety during operation.

(4) When using the metal blade to mow grass, shake the machine body from right to left to let the blade "eat" the grass. Penetration depth of each leaf: the average weed is 1/2 of the leaf diameter, and the grass with hard stem is 1/3 of the leaf diameter. When cutting grass with nylon cutter, the engine speed is 50% higher than that of metal blade.

(5) The engine of the brush cutter is a single-cylinder two-stroke air-cooled gasoline engine, and the fuel is mixed oil. The volume mixing ratio of engine oil and gasoline is generally 1: 20 or 1: 25, and the wrong fuel cannot be added.

(6) It must be thoroughly overhauled before long-term storage. After all the fuel in the fuel tank is poured out, start the machine and let it idle until it naturally shuts down, so as to ensure that the fuel in the carburetor burns cleanly and is easy to store.

(7) When working, operate in strict accordance with the safety operation procedures to avoid personal injury.

Third, the hedge trimmer

Hedge trimmers are mainly used to trim large areas of hedges, ribbons and color blocks. The structural diagram is shown in Figure 6-7. Because of its high efficiency and beautiful appearance, it is a hedge trimmer commonly used in greening departments.

Figure 6-7 Structure diagram of punching machine 1- handle; 2-spark plug; 3- Tool brake; 4— Fuel tank cover; 5— Operating handle; 6- Cutting tools; 7- Tool protection device; 8- outer cover; 9— Throttle valve; 10- filter housing; 1 1- carburetor adjustment screw; 12-Start the handle; 13-combined mobile switch; 14- oil tank; 15- muffler; 16- throttle; 17- throttle card; 18- fuel injection pump

(1) Inspection before use

(1) Check the fuel level from the outside of the fuel tank. If the fuel level is low, add fuel to the upper limit. The fuel is the mixed oil of unleaded gasoline and two-stroke engine oil, and the mixing ratio is1:40 ~1:50 when special two-stroke engine oil is used; Other two-stroke engine oils meeting TC grade are 1: 20 ~ 1: 25.

(2) Check the dirt in the air filter element, and clean it if it is found.

(3) Check the free clearance of the end throttle cable, and check the smooth operation of the throttle handle.

(4) Check whether the blade mounting nut is loose, and tighten the nut if necessary; Check the blade for cracks, notches, bending and wear, and replace it if necessary.

(5) Check whether the protective cover is loose, and tighten the safety bolt of the protective cover when necessary; Check the protective cover for damage and replace it if necessary.

(6) When using the hedge trimmer for the first time, be sure to read the instructions first and use them in strict accordance with them.

(b) Correct startup and shutdown

(1) Adjust the starting throttle: use the choke position when the car is cold; Don't use the choke when the car is hot.

(2) The manual oil pump should be pressed at least five times.

(3) When the temperature is very low, the engine needs to be warmed up.

(4) After running at full load for a long time, let the engine idle for a short time, and let the cooling airflow take away most of the heat to avoid heat accumulation and damage to machine parts.

(III) Precautions for use

(1) It is forbidden to use indoors.

(2) Keep a safe distance of not less than 3m from flammable materials.

(3) When refueling, smoking is prohibited, the engine must be turned off, and gasoline overflow is prohibited.

(4) Wear protective glasses and protective facilities at work, and don't use those without protective covers.

(5) When starting the hedge trimmer, it should be flat on the ground.

(6) Keep your hands and feet away from the machine before turning and stopping.

(7) Aerial work and one-handed operation are prohibited.

(8) The engine must be turned off when refueling.

(9) The hedge trimmer can't be used for a long time. In case of overheating, it can stop 15 ~ 20min and continue to work. Fuel must be added when the machine is cold. Don't use the maximum throttle for a long time without fine tuning.

(10) pruning technique. Vertical trimming: The chain saw swings forward, up and down in an arc shape, and both sides of the cutter are used for trimming, as shown in Figure 6-8. A. Parallel trimming: Install the cutter at an angle of 0 ~ 10, but trim in parallel, as shown in Figure 6-8, B.

Fig. 6-8 Schematic diagram of hedge trimmer A- vertical trimming; B- Parallel Pruning (4) Maintenance

(1) Clean the oil suction pipe head and the oil tank: pour out the engine fuel, take out the oil suction pipe head, and gently clean it to remove the moisture and dirt attached to the oil tank.

(2) Heat sink: Check whether the heat sink is dirty through the range hood, and clean it if it is dirty.

(3) Fuel pipe: Check the fuel pipe and replace it in time if it is aging or leaking oil.

(4) Replace the blade in time.

(5) Other lubricating parts of the machine should be regularly filled with lubricating oil or grease as required.

(6) Take a rest 10 minute after each tank of oil, and clean the radiator and air inlet of the machine after each work to ensure heat dissipation.

(7) Fill grease every 25 ~ 30h, and compact with an oil gun every time (pressure should be tested first to prevent air pressure) 10 ~ 15 times.

(8) Cutter: Clean the dirt stuck on the blade in time after daily operation, and add engine oil.

(9) Check the clearance between upper and lower blades at regular intervals (25h), adjust it in time (the interval is half a circle of bolt thread) to keep the blades sharp, and the trimming diameter is ≤ 10 mm. ..

(10) The running-in period of the new machine is 30h at low speed, and then it runs normally.

(5) custody

(1) During storage, the vehicle body must be cleaned and the mixed fuel must be discharged.

(2) Start the engine to stop running naturally and burn the fuel in the carburetor.

(3) Remove the spark plug, add 1 ~ 2ml two-stroke engine oil into the cylinder, pull the starter for 2 ~ 3 times, and install the spark plug.

(4) Pour out the fuel in the fuel tank, press the fuel injection pump several times, and then drain the fuel in the fuel tank. (5) Install the blade cover on the blade and put the machine in a clean place.

Four, high pruning saw

High-branch pruning saw (high-branch chain saw) is mainly used to prune branches located in high places. The schematic diagram of each part is shown in Figure 6-9. Because it is easy to use and does not need to climb trees, it is often adopted by greening departments.

Fig. 6-9 Schematic diagram of advanced branch pruning saw 1 handle hose parts; 2- fix the handle; 3- sling ring; 4- combination mobile switch; 5- Throttle card; 6- throttle; 7— Spark plug; 8— Air cleaner cover; 9- machine support; 10-chainsaw chain; 1 1- guide plate; 12- oil tank; 13- fuel tank cover; 14-telescopic arm; 15- fastening screws; 16- sprocket cover; 17-hook; 18- interlock protection device; 19- sprocket; 20— Chain tensioner; 2 1- oil tank; 22— Box cover; 23— Starting rope; 24— Oil pump; 25— Start the throttle lever; 26— Adjusting screw of carburetor; 27— Mufflers (some with spark grids)

(1) safety operation procedures

(1) Wear work clothes and corresponding labor protection articles as required.

(2) The engine should be turned off during the transportation of the machine.

(3) The engine must be turned off before refueling.

(4) Check the operation safety of the chain saw before starting.

(5) When starting the chain saw, keep a distance of at least 3m from the refueling site. Don't use a chain saw in a closed room.

(6) Don't smoke when using the machine or near the machine to prevent fire.

(7) When working, be sure to hold the chain saw firmly with both hands and pay attention to the danger of slipping.

(8) The telescopic boom pruning saw is not insulated. Never work near live wires to prevent electric shock. A distance of at least 15m must be maintained.

(9) Don't stand under big branches to prevent falling branches from hurting people. The angle between the machine and the ground shall not exceed 60 degrees.

(10) If it exceeds the working radius, please use the lifting platform. Never stand on a ladder or tree, or work in an unstable place or with one hand.

(1 1) Pay attention to idle speed, and make sure that the chain can't keep up after releasing the throttle.

(12) Please turn off the engine during maintenance and repair.

(2) How to use it

(1) Don't stand under the sawed branches, lest the fallen branches hurt people.

(2) In order to make the cut branches easy to be cut off, the lower branches should be cut off first. Heavy (large) branches should be cut in sections for easy control.

(3) Operating posture: put the right hand on the operating handle, naturally hold the left hand on the handle, and the arm is almost straight, and the adjustment angle is always within 60, as shown in Figure 6- 10.

(4) Branch unloading and pruning: In order to avoid damaging the bark, the machine bouncing or the saw chain being caught, when cutting rough branches, first cut a branch unloading incision at the lower side, put the cutter here, and cut an arc branch cutting incision from top to bottom with the end of the guide plate.

If the branch diameter exceeds 10cm, pre-cutting, unloading incision and cutting incision are carried out at the required incision of about 20cm, and then net cutting is carried out, and cutting is carried out at the required incision with unloading incision and cutting incision. As shown in figure 6- 1 1.

Fig. 6- 10 Schematic Diagram of Operation of High Branch Trimming Saw

Fig. 6-Schematic diagram of unloading and pruning at11a-There is no cutting sequence at the upper opening, which is denoted by a; 3, 4 —— Cutting sequence of lower cutting opening

(5) Lubrication of chain: A little oil must be sprinkled on the chain. Always check the lubrication of saw chain and the oil level of lubricating oil tank before work. Without lubrication, the chain can't run. If dry chains are used, the cutting device will be damaged.

(6) Always check the chain tension at work, and loosen the chain after use.

(7) Use of guide plate: After each chain grinding or chain changing, the guide plate can be turned over to avoid unilateral wear, especially at the steering position and bottom. Oil inlet tank, oil outlet pipe and chain guide groove should be cleaned regularly.

(3) Maintenance procedures

(1) Before going to work every day:

1) Clean the dirt on the engine and check whether the air cooling system is blocked.

2) Clean the dirt on the chain and guide plate, lubricate the chain before use and after refueling, and check whether the chain regulator is suitable.

3) Check loose bolts or parts, and ensure that the chain is installed well.

4) Check whether the machine leaks oil.

5) Check whether the spark plug and connecting wire are firm.

6) Whether the operating position is flexible.

7) Whether the guide plate is damaged.

8) Chain lubrication.

9) Whether the idle speed is appropriate.

(2) Every job 10 ~ 15h:

1) Maintain the filter element in the air filter, adjust the operating lever of the starting damper to the choke position, and remove the dirt around the filter. Clean and dry the foam filter in a clean and nonflammable cleaning solution (such as hot soapy water).

2) Remove and clean the spark plug, and clean the polluted spark plug. Check the electrode distance, and the correct distance is 0.5mm.. Make adjustments if necessary.

(3) Every 50 hours of work:

1) Remove and clean the dirt on the cylinder head and radiator.

2) Remove the chip removal cover, check the sprocket for dust, and clean the groove on the guide plate.

3) Lubricate the gear box. Loosen the clamping bolt of the reducer; Disconnect the gear box from the upper connecting pipe and take it down; Lubricate the oil nozzle on the gear box with a grease gun (about 10g).

4) Put a hook into the fuel tank, take out the fuel filter, check whether there is dirt, clean it or replace it with a new one.