What is the meaning of "sweetness, calmness, lightness, pungency and warmth" in Chinese medicine? Which ones are for hot bodies?

The four qi and five flavors

The nature and taste of Chinese medicine. One of the basic elements of the theory of the medicinal properties of Chinese medicine.

The four qi

refers to the four properties of cold, heat, warmth and coolness of drugs. Also known as the four properties. Cold and cool and warm are two opposing medicinal properties, while there is only a difference in degree between cold and cool, hot and warm. In addition there is also the flatness, that is, the medicinal properties of the calm. Generally speaking, cold and cool medicines have the functions of clearing away heat, detoxifying, diarrhea, cooling the blood, and nourishing the yin, etc., and are mainly used to treat various kinds of heat symptoms. The warmth of the medicine has the effect of warming the middle, dispersing the cold, helping the Yang, replenishing the fire, etc., the main treatment of all kinds of cold evidence.

Five flavors

Originally, the five flavors of medicines are pungent, sweet, sour, bitter and salty, and later expanded to reflect the function of medicines as a symbol of categorization.

The pungent flavor has the effect of dispersing and dispersing the epidermis and promoting the movement of qi and blood, i.e., pungent dispersal. Generally speaking, the medicines for dispersing epidemics, promoting qi and activating blood circulation are mostly of pungent flavor, and they are mainly used for treating epidemics and qi stagnation and blood stasis.

Glycine has the effect of nourishing and tonifying, harmonizing medicinal properties and relieving pain. In general, nourishing and tonifying, harmonizing the nature of medicines and painkillers have a sweet taste, and are mainly used to treat deficiency and pain.

Sour flavor has astringent and astringent effect, i.e. sour collection. Generally speaking, antiperspirant, cough, diarrhea, spermicidal drugs with sour taste, the main treatment of excessive sweating, cough, diarrhea, spermatorrhea, urination and other evidence.

The bitter flavor has the effect of clearing and drying dampness, i.e., bitter firm. Generally speaking, heat-clearing, fire-clearing, laxative and dampness-drying medicines have a bitter flavor and are used to treat heat, fire and dampness.

The salty flavor has a diarrhea, soften the knot dispersal effect, that is, salty soft. Generally soften the hard, dissipate the lumps, diarrhea and laxative drugs with salty flavor, the main treatment of stool dry knot, scrofula gall tumors, impediments and lumps and other evidence. In addition to the five flavors, there are also light flavor and astringent flavor. Light flavor has the effect of dampness-expelling and diuretic. Generally speaking, dampness-expelling and diuretic medicines are mostly of light flavor, and they are mainly used for treating edema and urinary incontinence. The astringent flavor is similar to the acidic flavor, also has astringent effect.

The four qi and five flavors and health

The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine, as a classic work of traditional Chinese medicine, not only lays the theoretical foundation for the development of traditional Chinese medicine, as an important part of traditional Chinese medicine, it also establishes the framework of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese dietetics and nutrition, and lays the foundation for the development of traditional Chinese dietetics and nutrition.

1 Discussion of the significance of dietary nutrition

Nature provides essential material conditions for human survival, as stated in Suwen? Six Sections of Dirty Image Theory (the original text of the following "Suwen" is quoted from the 1963 edition of the Beijing People's Health Publishing House, "Huangdi Neijing Suwen"), "the sky feeds on the five qi, and the earth feeds on the five flavors". The so-called "earth eats people with five flavors" refers to the "five flavors" of diet and nutrition. Among them, "the five flavors enter the mouth and are hidden in the stomach and intestines, and the flavors are hidden to nourish the five qi, and the qi is combined to produce the fluids, and the gods are born" ("Su Wen? Six sections of the theory of organs and images"); "the real gas, received in the sky, and the grain gas and fill the body also" ("Ling Shu? Prick section of true evil", the following Ling Shu original text are quoted from the Beijing Science and Technology Literature Press, 1998 edition of "Huang Di Nei Jing Ling Shu Note evidence hair micro"), etc., emphasizing the diet of the five flavors, cereal gas, the essence of water and grain is the material basis of the human body to survive. "Therefore, the grain does not enter, half a day, the gas is weak, a day, the gas is less" (Ling Shu? Five flavors"); "flat people do not eat and drink for seven days and died, the water and grain essence and fluid are all exhausted, so" ("Ling Shu? Ping people out of the valley"). Therefore, it is said that "people with water and grain-based, so people out of water and grain will die" ("Suwen? Ping people weather theory").

2 Discussion of preventive thinking and dietary nutrition

Su Wen? The four qi and God's great theory" pointed out: "the sage does not cure the disease to cure the disease, do not cure the chaos to cure the chaos"; "Ling Shu? Against Shun" also pointed out that: "on the work of treating the disease, not treating the disease", emphasizing the idea of prevention. In preventive medicine, diet and nutrition occupies a very important position. Suwen? The Five Changes of Politics" pointed out that "grain, meat, fruit and vegetables, food and nutrition to the end". This is an early record of the concept of "food nutrition". Suwen? Ancient Heavenly Truth" also pointed out that: "the ancient man, its knower, the law of yin and yang, and in the art of counting, food and drink in moderation, living and living in a regular manner, do not work, so can form and God, and the end of the end of their days, the degree of a hundred years to go". The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine puts forward many important principles and methods of health maintenance, such as "law of yin and yang", "food and drink in moderation", "regularity of daily life", "not to do labor". Do not do labor" and so on, but because "people take water and grain as the basis", so the most important or the most basic still lies in the "food nutrition", lies in the dietary nutrition "food and drink in a controlled manner "

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3 Discussion of dietary structure

"Suwen? Organ method of time theory" pointed out: "five grains for nutrition, five fruits for the help, five animals for the benefit of five vegetables for filling, odor and served to replenish the essence of qi"; "Suwen? Five often political theory" also pointed out: "grain, meat, fruit and vegetables, food and nutrition to the end of the". This is the earliest in the history of the world nutritional classification of food according to the nutritional role of food, and that the diet should be composed of the above four types of food, and then used to guide people's dietary life of the record, is a major discovery in the field of nutrition in China's ancient times, it is "pithy, programmatic to reveal to the people of the diet of the essentials of the world's earliest and comprehensive dietary guide! It is the earliest and comprehensive dietary guide in the world."[1] It is of great significance in guiding people to maintain a reasonable and balanced diet. Modern Japanese nutritionists categorize food into "six groups" or "four groups", which are used to guide residents to maintain a balanced diet [2], the spirit of which is also consistent with the "Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine". The comprehensive and balanced dietary pattern of "grain nourishment, fruit assistance, animal benefits, vegetable enrichment" in the "Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine" has played an important role in guiding the dietary life of the Chinese nation and enhancing the health of the nation, and has had a relatively wide influence in the world. Even in today's social development, it still has a very realistic guiding significance for the prevention of the so-called "civilization disease" or "affluence disease" arising from economic development and westernization of dietary patterns.

4 Discussions on digestive physiology

In digestive physiology, the Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine puts forward the "doctrine of spleen and stomach". It is believed that "the stomach is the sea of water and grains" (Suwen? The Five Viscera"); "The gas received by the human being is the grain. The injection of the grain, the stomach. Stomach, the sea of water, grain, gas and blood also" ("Ling Shu? Jade Plate"); "The stomach is the official of the granary, the five flavors out of it" ("Su Wen? The theory of stabbing method"); "the grain begins to enter the stomach, its essence, first out of the stomach of the two jiao, in order to irrigate the five zang" ("Spiritual Pivot? Five flavors"), etc., pointing out that the main physiological function of the stomach is to receive and digest food and drink. Human life activities require a variety of nutrients, must first be digested and absorbed through the stomach, in order to be transformed into the body can be directly utilized by the gas, blood and other substances, so that "the stomach, the sea of water and grains, gas and blood is also", and will be the stomach's function of this is summarized as "stomach gas". and summarized this function of the stomach as "stomach qi". Because of the "stomach gas" for the maintenance of human life activities is essential, so it is said that "flat people's common gas endowed with the stomach, the stomach is flat people's common gas. People without stomach gas is said to be inverse, inverse is dead" ("Su Wen? Ping people weather theory"); "five organs, are endowed with gas in the stomach; stomach, the five fundamental organs also" ("Su Wen? Yu Ji Zhen Zang Lun"). In view of the significance of "stomach qi" to human physiology, therefore, in nutrition should also attach great importance to the protection of "stomach qi". Not only that, "Huang Di Nei Jing" also further pointed out that "drink in the stomach, overflowing essence, up to the spleen, spleen qi scattered essence, up to the lungs" ("Su Wen? (Su Wen? Jing Wei Bian Lun); "The spleen and stomach are the officials of the granary, and the five flavors come out" (Su Wen? Linglan Secret Classic"); "the four branches are endowed with gas in the stomach, but not to the meridian, must be due to the spleen, is endowed" ("Suwen? (Su Wen? Taiyin Yangming Lun); "The spleen is the main body for the stomach to move its fluid" (Su Wen? Syncope"); "spleen and stomach, the stomach, the viscera of the grains" ("Ling Shu") and so on. This loss"), and so on, further elaborated the stomach of this digestive physiology, but also must get the spleen's transport function of cooperation, in order to make the dietary material into a subtle substance, in order to generate blood, and transported to the whole body, so as to provide nourishment for the organism. In addition, the digestive physiology of the human body is also related to the large intestine and small intestine, such as "the large intestine, the officer of the road, changes out. The small intestine is the official to receive the abundant, and the substance comes out" ("Suwen? Stabbing method theory"). Because the human body is centered on the five viscera and six bowels, the spleen and stomach constitute the core of the human digestive physiology. Any dietary intake depends on the transport function of the spleen and stomach, including a variety of nutritional supplements, etc., ultimately through the spleen and stomach digestion, absorption and transportation. Because of this important role of the spleen and stomach in digestive physiology, it is also known as "the spleen and stomach are the foundation of the later life" and the source of qi and blood biochemistry. This actually summarizes the importance of the spleen and stomach in the physiology of dietary nutrition and digestion from a high theoretical level, which is of great significance in traditional dietary nutrition. That is to say, to emphasize dietary nutrition, we must first pay attention to the internal cause of the spleen and stomach's function of transportation and digestion, we must take the spleen and stomach as the basis, pay attention to the protection and enhancement of the spleen and stomach's function of transportation and digestion, to promote the digestion, absorption and delivery of human dietary nutrients, which is to solve the problem of malnutrition in today's more abundant food resources, why there still exists many malnutritional diseases provides a very effective method, and is influencing the development of nutritional science in the modern era. The idea that diet and nutrition are based on the spleen and stomach has also become one of the characteristics of traditional Chinese dietary and nutritional science. In addition, the Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine also discussed digestive pathology. For example, in "Suwen? The Essence and Subtlety of the Pulse", "If the granary does not hide, the gateway is not open"; "Suwen? Yin and Yang should be like a great theory of" "clear gas in the lower, is born in the supper; turbid gas in the upper, is born in the month really bloated" and so on.

5 on food properties

In the theory of food properties, "Huang Di Nei Jing" put forward the "odor theory". Such as "odor and service", "the odor of the five viscera and six bowels, all out of the stomach, change in the mouth of the gas" ("Suwen? The five viscera," "Yin flavor out of the lower orifices, Yang Qi out of the upper orifices. Thick flavor is the yin, thin for the yin of the yang; thick gas is the yang, thin for the yin of the yang. Thick flavor is leaking, thin is through; thin gas is leaking, thick is hot" ("Suwen? Yin and Yang should be like a great theory") and so on. The "odor theory" of the theory of food properties in Huangdi Neijing mainly includes the contents of five flavors and four qi. The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine contains a lot of discussions on the understanding of the five flavors of food. The Ling Shu? Five Flavors" says that "there are five flavors in grain qi". The so-called "five flavors" refers to the "sweet, bitter, pungent, salty, sour and mild" tastes of food. In this case, although it is not one of the five tastes, it is still customary to attribute it to the five tastes, including the light taste. On the role of the "five flavors" and the yin and yang attributes, the "pungent dispersal, acid collection, sweet slow, bitter firm, salty soft ...... these five, there are pungent, acid, sweet, bitter, salty, each has its own advantages, or dispersal or collection, or slow or urgent, or firm or soft, four times a day. The five viscera disease, with the five flavors of the appropriate also" ("Suwen? Organ qi method of time theory"), "pungent and sweet dispersal for yang, sour and bitter chong diarrhea for yin, salty chong diarrhea for yin, light seepage diarrhea for yang. Six or collect or disperse, or slow or rapid, or dry or moist, or soft or firm, to the benefit of the line, adjusting its qi to make it flat" ("Suwen? To the true to the great theory"). On the relationship between the five flavors of food and drink and the five organs of the human body, "each of the five flavors goes to its own liking: grain taste sour, first go to the liver; grain taste bitter, first go to the heart; grain taste sweet, first go to the spleen; grain taste pungent, first go to the lungs; grain taste salty, first go to the kidneys" ("Spiritual Pivot"); "five flavors"; "grain taste bitter, first go to the heart; grain taste sweet, first go to the spleen; grain taste pungent, first go to the lungs; grain taste salty, first go to the kidneys" ("Spiritual Pivot"). Five tastes"); "five flavors into: sour into the liver, pungent into the lungs, bitter into the heart, sweet into the spleen, salty into the kidneys, light into the stomach, it is called the five into" ("Ling Shu"). Nine Needle Theory"); and "Sour goes to the tendons, pungent goes to the qi, bitter goes to the blood, salty goes to the bones, and sweet goes to the flesh, which is called the five ways" ("Ling Shu"). Nine Needle Theory"), etc., indicating that the "five flavors" also has an intrinsic connection with the theory of attributing to the meridian, and that different "flavors" have different affinities with the five viscera. In addition, Huang Di Nei Jing also uses the five elements to clarify the relationship between the five flavors, such as "Sour injures the tendons, pungent is better than sour; bitter injures the qi, salty is better than bitter; sweet injures the flesh, sour is better than sweet; pungent injures the skin and hair, bitter is better than pungent; salty injures the blood, sweet is better than salty" ("Su Wen? Yin and Yang should be like a great theory"). On the specific food "five flavors" attribution, in the "Huangdi Neijing" has also been discussed. For example, in "Ling Shu? Five flavors" of the "five grains: grain rice sweet, hemp sour, soybean salty, wheat bitter, yellow millet pungent. Five fruits: jujube sweet, plum sour, chestnut salty, apricot bitter, peach Xin. Five animals: cow sweet, dog sour, pig salty, goat bitter, chicken spicy. Five vegetables: Kwai sweet, leek sour, patchouli salty, scallion bitter, onion spicy". In addition to the five flavors, in the "Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine" also put forward the concept of "five odors", namely, shame, burnt, fragrant, fishy, rotten: "Liver, the stench of shame. Heart, its odor is burnt. Spleen, its odor. Lung, its odor. Kidney, its odor is rotten" (Suwen? Jin Gui Zhen Shi"). On the understanding of the four qi of food, although there is less direct discussion in the Huangdi Neijing, but it can also be reflected in its discussion of the rules of treatment and so on.

For example, "what is hot is cold, and what is cold is hot" (Suwen? The most important thing to be true"); "with cold far from cold, with cool far from cool, with warm far from warm, with hot far from hot, food should be the same method" (Su Wen?). Six Yuan Zheng Ji Lecture"); "the cold and heat of the water and grain, sense of harm to the six internal organs" ("Su Wen? Yin and Yang should be like a great theory"), etc., that food has the same cold, hot, warm, cool four different kinds of food. Among them, the cold nature of the food is mainly used for hot body or heat disease, warm nature of the food is mainly used for cold body or cold disease. It should be noted that, due to the limitations of historical conditions, "Huang Di Nei Jing" in the understanding of food nutrients can not be analyzed and studied through the laboratory, but the food nutrients collectively referred to as the "essence" of the water and grains ("Ling Shu"), "five flavors"), and the "essence" of the food, and the "essence" of the food. Five flavors"), "essence" ("Ling Shu"), "essence" ("Ling Shu"). Pingren Jiegu"), "food qi" ("Suwen? (Su Wen? Jing Wei Bian Lun), "grain qi" (Ling Shu? Prick Section of True Evil") and so on. The understanding of food "essence" substances is mainly through the reaction of food on the human body to be further summarized as "odor theory", thus constituting a unique "food properties theory" in traditional dietary nutrition science. This constitutes the unique "theory of food properties" in traditional dietary nutrition science. It is also the traditional dietary nutrition science this kind of human-oriented, from the role of understanding food nutrition method, it is compared with the western modern nutrition science from the composition of food understanding method has its own characteristics and advantages. Western modern nutrition in the understanding of food composition, by the laboratory conditions of the limitations of the understanding of food composition also has its limitations. The traditional Chinese nutrition from the role of food in the human body to observe its function, it is possible to recognize the nutritional value of food in a more comprehensive manner.

6 Discussion of the basic laws of diet and nutrition

The basic laws of diet and nutrition are summarized in the Huangdi Neijing as "food and drink in moderation" (Suwen? The ancient theory of heavenly truth"). Specifically, it mainly includes regulating yin and yang, harmonizing the five flavors, and adapting food and drink to the needs of the individual, the time and the place. Among them, "Huang Di Nei Jing" in the relevant discussion, although most of them refer to acupuncture or treatment, but from the concept of "medical food is the same source", also applies to diet and nutrition.

6.1 The dietary nutritional laws of yin and yang "Suwen": "Yin and yang secret, the spirit is cured" ("Suwen"). Anger through the sky theory"). Another cloud: "carefully observe where the yin and yang and adjusted to the flat period" ("Su Wen"). The Great Treatise on the Essentials of the Supreme Truth"). Because the relative balance of yin and yang is an important condition to maintain the health of the body, so diet and nutrition must also be centered on regulating the body's yin and yang to carry out to maintain the relative balance of the body's yin and yang as the goal. Thus, the regulation of yin and yang also constitutes the most basic law of traditional dietary nutrition.

6.2 The law of dietary nutrition of the five flavors and the five tastes of respect and "Suwen? Anger through the sky theory" pointed out: "the birth of Yang, the original in the five flavors, the five palaces of Yin, injury in the five flavors. Therefore, the flavor is too acidic, the liver gas to Tsu, the spleen is dead. If the taste is too salty, the bone qi labor, short muscle, heart qi suppression. If the taste is too sweet, the heart qi will become full of asthma, the color will be black, and the kidney qi will become unbalanced. If the taste is too bitter, the Spleen Qi is not moist and the Stomach Qi is thick. If the flavor is too pungent, the muscles and veins will be depressed and the spirit will be centralized. Therefore, the five flavors, bone and tendon soft, blood to flow, the coupling to the dense, such as the bone to the fine, careful road as the law, long have the fate of heaven. Suwen? The five viscera generation" also pointed out that: "more food salt, the pulse condensation sobbing and change color; more food bitter, the skin is haggard and hair pulling; more food Xin, the tendons and claws withered; more food acid, the meat callus wrinkles and lips uncovered; more food Gan, the bone pain and hair fall. The five flavors of the injury". Although the diet of five flavors can nourish the body, but partiality to five flavors, resulting in too much diet of five flavors and damage to the human body, and therefore should be "careful and five flavors" in order to enjoy the gift of life.

6.3 Dietary and Nutritional Laws According to the Individual's Needs: "The life of a human being has its own rigidity and flexibility, its own weakness and strength, its own shortness and length, its own yin and yang" ("Spiritual Pivot"). Life and death just soft"); "people's fat and thin, size, cold and temperature, old, strong, young, small" ("Ling Shu? Deficiency of Wei Qi"). The Ling Shu has "Yin and Yang twenty-five people", according to the different endowments of people, people are divided into 25 different physical characteristics, in addition, there are "Ling Shu? In addition, there are also the "yin and yang five states of man" of "Tongtian" and so on. Due to the differences in constitution, gender, age, etc., the dietary nutrition should also be "aware of the fat and thinness of the form, and the abundance and decline of the Yingwei blood and qi" ("Suwen"). Eight positive theories of God's brightness"), must "first know twenty-five people", "not the five states of man", "depending on its cold and temperature and adjusted" ("Ling Shu? The water"), "examine the surplus and insufficiency, the full write, the deficiency of the complement" (Ling Shu? Tongtian"). Therefore, according to different physical conditions, take the appropriate dietary nutritional methods, constitutes the traditional dietary nutrition "according to the person" of the basic law.

6.4 Dietary and nutritional laws for the time of day "Ling Shu? The "Four Seasons of Qi" says, "The Qi of the four seasons, each in its own way". The Ling Shu? Shun Qi a day is divided into four times" and said "spring, summer growth, autumn harvest, winter, is the gas of the usual, people should also". Su Wen? The four qi and god theory" pointed out that "the four seasons of yin and yang, the fundamental of all things. That is why the sage spring and summer Yang, fall and winter Yin, from its roots. "Therefore, the wise man's health, must be in accordance with the four seasons and the appropriate cold and heat, and happiness and anger and peace of mind, section of the yin and yang and the adjustment of rigidity and flexibility. If this is the case, the evil will not come, long life and long sight" ("Ling Shu? This God"). Therefore, diet and nutrition should be responsive to the four seasons of climate change, according to the different seasons of heat and cold, the development of appropriate diet and nutrition methods, which is also the traditional medicine "heaven and man accordingly" the overall concept of the specific embodiment of the traditional diet and nutrition. As the "Suwen" said, "Heat does not violate heat, cold does not violate cold, from the and"; "with cold far from cold, with cold far from cold, with warm far from warm, with hot far from hot, food should be the same method" ("Suwen"?). Six Yuan Zheng Ji Da Lun").

6.5 Dietary and nutritional rules according to the local conditions: "There are high and low ground, warm and cool air, high air is cold, and low air is hot" ("Su Wen"). The Five Changes of Politics"). Su Wen? Different Methods of Fang Yi Theory" also said that "the eastern region, the beginning of heaven and earth is born, fish and salt land, the coast along the water, its people eat fish and salt, are safe in their place, the beauty of their food. Fish make people hot, salt wins the blood, so its people are black and sparse, their diseases are carbuncles and ulcers, the treatment should be admonished. ...... Therefore, the saints mixed to cure, each get the appropriate, so the treatment is different and the disease are all healed, get the disease of the situation, know the general body also". China's vast territory, each region's climate, geographic environment and so on are different, and thus the impact on the physiological function of the human body is not the same. Therefore, in the diet and nutrition should also take into account the different circumstances of the regional environment, the development of the corresponding diet and nutrition methods, that is, according to the local diet and nutrition law.

7 Discussion of dietary therapy

Dietary therapy, as one of the important means of treatment of diseases and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine, has been discussed in the Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine, reflecting the idea of traditional Chinese medicine, "medicine and food have the same origin" and "medicine and food are used together". It reflects the idea of traditional Chinese medicine that "medicine and food have the same origin" and "medicine and food are used together". For example, "the liver bitter emergency, emergency food sweet to slow down"; "heart bitter slow, emergency food acid to collect"; "the spleen bitter wet, emergency food bitter to dry"; "the lungs are bitter upward reversal of Qi The lungs are bitter and upwardly mobile, the emergency food is bitter to diarrhea"; "the kidneys are bitter and dry, the emergency food is pungent to moisturize"; "the liver wants to disperse, the emergency food is pungent to disperse, with Xin to complement the acid diarrhea"; "the heart wants to be soft, the emergency food is salty to soften, with salty to complement the sweet diarrhea"; "the heart wants to be soft, the emergency food is salty to soften, with Kidneys want to firm, eat bitter to firm, with bitter tonic, salty diarrhea" ("Suwen? Organic qi method of time theory"). Another example is "five desirable: spleen disease, it is appropriate to eat Wo hyper rice, beef, jujube, sunflower; heart disease, it is appropriate to eat wheat, lamb, apricots, scallions; kidney disease, it is appropriate to eat soybeans and yellow rolls, pork, chestnuts, patchouli; liver disease, it is appropriate to eat hemp, canine meat, plums, leeks; lung disease, it is appropriate to eat yellow millet, chicken, peaches, scallions" ("Spiritual Pivot"), and so on. Five flavors") and so on. Not only that, "Huang Di Nei Jing" also recorded the content of drugs and food with the treatment of disease, has a "medicinal diet" meaning, can be described as the earliest therapeutic dietary formula. Such as "half-summer broomcorn millet soup (porridge)", and details of water, firewood, fire and other requirements. Suwen? Abdominal theory" to "four fish is a bone? Ru Pills (Wu fish then bone,? (Wuyu ze bone, yiru, and bird's egg)" was used to treat a woman's withered blood, and abalone juice was used to deliver it to her. In addition, even for the use of medication or acupuncture treatment of disease, but also need to diet and nutritional cooperation and support: "medicine to get rid of, food to follow"; "big poison cure, ten to its six; often poison cure, ten to its seven; small poison cure, ten to its eight; no poison cure, ten to its nine; grain, meat, fruit and vegetables, food and nutrition to the full. Food and nutrition to the end" ("Suwen? Five Changes of Government"); "adjusting food and medicine, treatment in the lower healing" ("Su Wen? The Classic Veins"); "treatment of fever, to drink the cold water is stabbed" ("Suwen? Stabbing heat") and so on. Wine as the longest of all medicines, the use of wine to cure diseases is also recorded in the Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine (HUNDI NEIJING). For example, "Drinking a cup of fine wine, those who can not drink it, pouring it, and immediately" ("Su Man"). Miu Thorny Theory"); "and drink wine, the mouth dares the United States hot, do not drink wine, self-improvement, for the three pats only" ("Ling Shu"). Tendons"). Wine is also an important solvent, can be prepared a variety of medicinal wine. Such as "Suwen? Abdominal theory" to "chicken yagyu sweet" treatment of dropsy, "Su Man? Yupan on the essentials" to "mash wine" main treatment of facial color deep disease "100 days has been", as well as the "Spiritual Pivot? Nine Needles", and "Mash Medicine" in "Ling Shu". It should be emphasized that the discussion of food therapy in Huang Di Nei Jing does not only refer to the problem of disease and dietary nutrition, but also includes the content of disease and clinical treatment from the concepts of "medicine and food have the same origin" and "medicine and food have the same use", and therapeutic food is used as medicine. Therefore, Chinese traditional dietary nutrition has been widely recognized as the most effective way of treating diseases. Therefore, the traditional Chinese dietary nutrition in the "therapeutic food doctrine" is much richer than the modern nutrition in the connotation of clinical nutrition.

8 Dietary nutrition during the recovery period

The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine also discusses dietary nutrition during the recovery period of acute febrile illnesses, and puts forward the doctrine of "food restoration": "All those who are left behind, the heat is very strong food, so there are left behind. If this is the case, all the disease has been declining and the heat has been hidden, because of its grain gas is thin, the two heat together, so there are some remains. ...... disease heat less healing, eating meat will be restored, more food will be lost, this is also prohibited" ("Suwen? Heat theory"). Emphasize in the acute fever recovery period can not suddenly eat meat or greasy products, and can not be forced to eat more, so as not to cause recurrence of the disease. In addition, in "Suwen? Abdominal theory", there is "bulging ...... its time there are recurring, why? Qibo said: this diet is not in order, so there is a disease" and other discussions.

9 Discussion of food taboos

"Huangdi Neijing" in emphasizing the diet and nutrition of the appropriate, that is, "food appropriate" at the same time, but also from another aspect of the discussion of the diet of taboos, that is, "food taboos", thus forming the Chinese traditional diet and nutrition in the The unique - "food taboos doctrine". For example, the "five prohibitions": "Liver disease prohibit pungent, heart disease prohibit salty, spleen disease prohibit sour, kidney disease prohibit sweet, lung disease prohibit bitter" ("Ling Shu"); "five flavors"; "five flavors"; "five flavors"; "five flavors"; "five flavors"; "five flavors"; "five flavors"; "five flavors"; "five flavors". Five flavors"); "five cuts": "disease in the tendons, no food acid; disease in the gas, no food Xin; disease in the bone, no food salty; disease in the blood, no food bitter; disease in the flesh, no food sweet. Mouth and want to eat, can not be more than one, must be cut also, the order said five cuts" ("Ling Shu? Nine needle theory"); in addition, "Suwen? Xuan Ming five qi" pointed out: "five flavors are prohibited: Xin go gas, gas disease, no more food Xin; salty go blood, blood disease, no more food salty; bitter go bone, bone disease, no more food bitter; Gan go meat, meat disease, no more food Gan; acid go tendon, tendon disease, no more food acid. It is called the five prohibitions, do not make more food". Emphasize that according to different diseases on the diet of five flavors to limit. Suwen? Abdomen in the theory of the cloud: "heat in the elimination of the middle, can not serve sorghum, Fangchao, stone medicine. Su Man? Stabbing method theory", "Suwen? Dirty gas method of time theory" also has related discussions. The "food taboo doctrine" proposed, reflecting the traditional Chinese dietary nutrition in the understanding of drinking food on the two-pointedness, that is, in emphasizing a variety of dietary substances beneficial to the human body at the same time, but also to see the human body unfavorable side, which further enriches and improves the traditional Chinese dietary nutrition. This philosophical methodology of "Dietary Contraindications" is different from the "Thermal Energy" of modern nutrition, reflecting the advancement and practicability of traditional Chinese dietary nutrition and has become one of the characteristics of traditional Chinese dietary nutrition. The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine (HUNDI NEIJING) is very rich in discussions on diet and nutrition. In addition to the above contents, there are also contents on dietary hygiene, dietary nutrition and diseases. For example, "When you eat and drink, there is no burning in heat and no suffering in cold. Cold and warm in the appropriate, so the gas will hold, is not evil and secluded" ("Ling Shu? Shi Chuan"); "food and drink since the double, the stomach and intestines are injured" ("Su Wen? Paralysis Theory"); "thus satiety, tendons and veins horizontal dissolution, intestinal bac for hemorrhoids. Thus drink, then the gas reversal" ("Su Wen? Anger Tongtian"); "the change of the high beam, the foot born of the big Ding" ("Suwen? Anger Tongtian"); "cold and heat of the water and grain, the sense of harm in the six bowels" ("Su Wen? Yin and Yang should be like the theory") and so on. To summarize, "Huangdi Neijing" comprehensively and systematically discusses the relevant theories, principles and methods of traditional dietary nutrition, thus laying the theoretical foundation of traditional dietary nutrition, which has had an important impact on the history of nutrition in the world, and is also a major contribution to the world of nutritional science. It is also a great contribution to the nutritional science in the world. It is of great significance to systematically summarize and study the rich theories of dietary nutrition, and to organize and improve them with the relevant theories and methods of modern science, in order to inherit and carry forward the traditional dietary nutrition with Chinese characteristics.