What are Chinese couplets?

Couplets are also known as "Couplets", commonly known as pairs. It is a unique art form of Chinese language with simple words and deep meanings, neat and tidy counterparts, and harmonious levels and oblique tones. It can be said that the art of couplets is a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation. The types of couplets are divided into spring couplets, happy couplets, longevity couplets, elegiac couplets, decorative couplets, industry couplets, social couplets and miscellaneous couplets (including harmonic couplets ....) etc.

Couplets vary in length, short only one or two words; long up to several hundred words. The form of the couplet is diverse, there are positive, negative, running water couplet, joint ball couplet, set sentence couplet and so on. But no matter what kind of couplets, using what form, but also must have the following characteristics:

One, to equal number of words, the same sentence. In addition to the intention to empty the position of a word to achieve a certain effect, the number of words must be the same, no more, no less.

Secondly, it is necessary to match the level and tone. The traditional custom is "oblique start flat fall", that is, the last word of the last sentence of the first line with oblique tone, the last word of the last line of the second line with flat tone.

Thirdly, the words should be relative and in the same position. Generally known as "virtual to virtual, real to real", that is, noun to noun, verb to verb, adjective to adjective, quantity word to quantity word, adverb to adverb, and the relative words must be in the same position.

Fourth, to content related, up and down connection. The meanings of the upper and lower couplets must be connected to each other, but not overlapping.

In addition, the hanging couplets, the traditional method must also be written vertically pasted, from right to left, from top to bottom, can not be reversed.

With the couplet closely related to the cross, can be said to be the title of the couplet, but also the center of the couplet. A good cross-comment in the couplet can play the role of a finishing touch and complement each other.

The following is a transcript of a classroom by Ms. Hu Yanping of Pinghu Normal Primary School, for reference only.

I. Talk before class:

Students, let's talk first. (The class shows a picture.) Look at this picture, what do you want to say, say anything. (Words can be, poems can be, dreams can be, movies can be ......)

The first picture: the moon

The first picture: the rice grain

The third picture: the waterfall

The fourth picture: the Yellow River

Two, a short story of a couplet to introduce to the theme:

Shaoxing City, a wealthy man surnamed Li, very good at bragging and flattering, this person looks horizontal and vertical a same, a face of fat embedded in two rat eyes, the local people called "pug". Shaoxing City, a straight and selfless reader Xu Wenchang, determined to find an opportunity to tease the pug. This year, February 10, the county county master's home in the double happiness: one is the county master in the 50th birthday, the second is the county master's aunt gave birth to a fat boy over the "100 days". The dog ordered the housekeeper to prepare a generous gift.

To the February 10th this day, the dog just to go out to send gifts, suddenly remembered that the county master is the son of Confucius, so he instructed people to ask Xu Wenchang to write a pair of Xu Wenchang, Xu Wenchang did not excuse himself, and quickly wrote a good hand over to the people to take back.

The pug sent the gift and the pair to the door of the county office, waiting for a "please". Suddenly, the magistrate came out a few magistrates, without saying a word, the hobbits pressed to the ground, cracking and snapping a series of eighty slaps. The pug was first knocked out, woke up and thought it was a gift to send less to be beaten, and then asked to know is to send a pair of the county master to annoyed.

Xu Wenchang wrote the following:

The county magistrate is not a human being, and he has a son who wants to be a thief.

The pug was so shocked that he rolled over to see the county magistrate and said that he had nothing to do with what Xu Wenchang had written. The county master heard a great deal of anger, and immediately sent people to call Xu Wenchang, Xu Wenchang said: "only blame Li Zaolu is too anxious, I have not yet written the pair, he sent people to take away forcibly, how can you blame the little boy?" The county magistrate immediately asked someone to fetch pen and ink, and asked Xu Wenchang to continue writing. Without thinking, Xu Wenchang waved his brush and wrote:

The county magistrate is not a human being, he is originally an old longevity star of Nanshan Mountain

Born a son to be a thief, he steals the coiled peaches and offers them to his father

"Good, good!" The crowd took a look and praised it, and the county magistrate laughed.

Students, in our country through the ages in the literary flower garden, the most fragrant and colorful branch is poetry, the most unique and elegant one is the couplet, today may let us approach the couplet, you have collected a lot of information, who said from this information you have how to the couplet understanding?

Let the students speak on their own understanding of couplets

Three, the teacher took the students to analyze the two couplets

1, show the first couplet: the child hit the tung, tung fell, the child happy,

Read, what do you have found?

Yes, child and tungzi are pronounced the same, and so are fall and music. So, what do you think the next couplet will be? Let the student say.

Show the next couplet: the girl nibbles the duck head, the duck head is salty, the girl smacks it.

Students, like this, several couplets made up of words with the same pronunciation but different meanings are called homophonic couplets. For example:

Cattail leaf peach leaf grape leaf, herb woody,

Plum flower osmanthus rose flower, spring fragrance autumn fragrance.

2, students, you know Ji Xiaolan, once, he was very homesick, could not help but chanting this line:

Heart and mouth of ten Si, Si son Si wife Si parents, you also read this line, see what you find? (here heart mouth ten playing a word is the word think, the last line in a **** with four words think, really homesickness heart) then you think, the next line what has what characteristics? Well, precisely this time, the emperor heard, the emperor to see Ji Xiaolan sad face, so, laughed twice, right hand wave, said: "Secretary, I am allowed to go home to visit your family". Students, think about it, Ji Xiaolan will have what kind of action? What kind of words? You can do it. And what kind of next couplet do you think?

Produce: inch body words (thank you), thank God and thank the king. (Xie word can let students guess)

Four, students independent choice of appreciation

Students, you are all very perceptive, so, there are a few couplets on the screen, you choose a favorite one, read, think, and appreciate it, your own independent appreciation of a good, and then communicate with another partner in the four-person group.

The couplets shown on the screen are:

The Monkey King, the Golden Cudgel, can be long or short.

Hua Guo Shan, Water Curtain Cave, warm and fuzzy.

The guest on the natural residence, actually heavenly guest;

People over the Great Buddha Temple, the temple Buddha is bigger than people.

The charcoal is black and the fire is red and the ash is like snow;

The grain is yellow and the rice is white and the rice is like frost.

Canola oil, oil frying,]

Cotton weaving cloth, cloth wrapped in cotton.

Communicate with the living.

V. Exercise. (from words to sentences)

Students, in fact, it is not difficult to say difficult couplets, we are not in a hurry, let's start with the right words, for example:

The sky - (land) wind - (snow) sea - (snow) - (mountain) New - (old)

North and South - (East and West) Thousands of mountains - (ten thousand waters) Thousands of beautiful mountains - (ten thousand waters clear)

Celebration - (congratulations) branches - (flowers)

Students, try to pair a few simple sentences, I believe you can I'm sure you will be able to.

The first line: The scenery is good everywhere. Think about it, who has the next line? (All houses are full of joy.) (The next line can be multiple)

The first line: Birds fall from branches. (Butterflies fly in the flowers)

Previous line: Fortune is like the East Sea, think about it, who has the next line? （

Sixth, in-depth exercises:

Students, you are now a little couplets, I can test you, please look at the above couplet:

Sit

Sit

Please sit

Please sit

Sit

Look at the shape of this like what? What are the characteristics? (Shaped like a pagoda, one character increment per line)

Think about it, when we usually have a guest at home, how would we entertain him? Think, what would the next line look like?

Next couplet:

Tea

To tea

To fragrant tea

Students, do you know who wrote this couplet? It's the great writer Su Dongpo. You guys are really something.

Seven, expand

Students, in our lives, couplets can abound ah, where do you find couplets? Let the students say. The student finished, the teacher said again. Yes, look, my National Day time in our Pinghu also photographed a lot of couplets, let's take a look together, the projector display.

Students, in fact, in poetry and couplets, there is a strange, interesting phenomenon, some of the verses at the same time are also very good couplets: for example: screen display:

Bright moon shining between the pines

Qingquan Stones flowing (Wang Wei's "Autumn Borer in Mountain Dwelling")

Peach red again contains the rain of the last night

Willow green is even more with the smoke of spring (Wang Wei's "The Music of the Field")

Lift your head to look at the bright moon

Lower your head to think of your hometown (Li Bai's "Thoughts of a Quiet Night")

Kungfu covers three kingdoms

Famous for his Eight Formations (Du Fu's "The Eight Formations")

Wildfires can't be eliminated

Spring winds blow again and again (Bai Juyi's "Send Farewell to a Fellow of Ancient Grasses")

VIII: Summing up

Classmates, the forty minutes have passed by like a flow of water. Chinese couplets are ancient and legendary, what we have learned today is only a small flower in the ocean, there are more and more flowers waiting for you to ride the waves to find and capture, hopefully in the near future, to see your harvest. I'd like to send you a couplet: "The mountain of books is a path of diligence, the sea of learning is a boat of pain".

Interesting couplets

Fisherman encountered Peach Blossom Garden, Peach, Peach, Peach, Peach, Peach;

Poet wandering Orange Island, Dan Orange ten thousand trees, orange ten thousand trees, when the tree orange is also burning

Long Bridge is not long, the broken bridge is not broken, the lonely mountain is not lonely, the West Lake how to get a lot of false fame

Goodness of the heart has the goodness, the love of the heart has the love, the good will has the good, the goodness of the heart has the goodness of the heart has the goodness of the heart has the goodness of the heart, the love of the heart has the love, the good will has the good, the good will has the good, the good will has the good. There are a lot of true feelings in the human world.

Some people on the left and right, Zuo You half a centimeter of silk tripping entanglement

Spring and autumn to enjoy the wood, Tsubaki Rowan people on the left and right Zuo You

Full moon shines through the square window, there are rules and regulations

Black clouds cover the white sun, not cloudy and not sunny

The torrent around the red building, a movement and a static

Downstairs to upstairs, a male and a female

Long rod hanging short fishing, can bend and can be stretched out

The young The teacher teaches the old pupil, no elder, no younger

Bald head and flat hat, lawlessness

Independence of the bridge, the silhouette of the people is different from the flowing water

Double flight of the flowers, the butterfly's body follows the companion to the falling flowers

One man is big, two men are heaven, heaven is big, human feelings are big, human feelings are larger than life

One and ten are earth, twenty are kings, king's earth is all the world, earth and many kings are all over the world

Bringing a dog is a pig, the top grass is a book, the pig does not read. The top of the grass is a book. A pig does not read books, and it is a pig that does not read books

Two trees become a forest, and three trees become a forest. The forests are full of trees, and the trees are full of trees

The hook is a test, the hook is an old man, the old man is a student, and the student is an old man

The silkworm eats the mulberry, the mulberry feeds the silkworms, and the silkworms die of the mulberry

The woman thinks of a man, the man thinks of a woman, the man is happy and the woman is in love

The stone stops the water, the water floods the stone, and the stone comes out of the water

The star contains a dipper, the dipper contains a star, and the dipper moves the star

Wind drifts with flotsam, and flotsam is welcome by the wind, and flotsam dances with the wind.

The drum should be struck by the mallet, the mallet strikes the drum, the mallet falls and the drum sounds

The bowl touches the basin, the basin knocks the bowl, the basin breaks and the bowl shatters. The flowers of the poplar are like brocade and snow

The strings of the empty string are like the moon

The snow falls on the plums and the fragrance of the flowers

The charcoal goes to the salt, and the black and white is clear in the mountain and the water

Nan Di and North Beggar, and the noble and the lowly are clear in the upper and lower people

The flowers are gone and the fruits are hanging, and the reds and yellows are in the color of the summer and the autumn.

Monks and nuns come and go, and men and women belong to temples and nunneries.

The sun rises and the fog lifts, and the sunny days alternate with the cloudy ones.

Bamboo and hemp, green and yellow, soft and hard curtains

It is easy to make a pair, but difficult to make a pair, let the person who makes the pair make the pair first

It is easy to make wine, but difficult to taste it, let the person who makes the wine taste it first

It is easy to appreciate the paintings, but tired of painting them, let the person who appreciates the paintings paint them first

The person who appreciates the paintings paint them later.

Cooking is complicated, eating is simple, it is the one who cooks who eats first

Beside the grass-head water, the tea is clear and respectful

Beside the clouds under the sun, the coronet moves to frighten the soul of the star.

By the fire here, the wood stove produces purple smoke

By the bamboo roof at the mouth, I listen to Peony's blowjob.

Wooden side, silk side, willow green reflecting peach red

Top of the bamboo fire bottom, the pen strong fajiaojie

Fork under the standing head, the father to do the article.

The earth on the mouth under the temple ancient store old house

Kun Kan Li Zhen Burgundy Xun Tui, all kinds of partial no dry.

Lu Han Li Basket Han Zhang Cao, Xian Xian all the only lack of women.

Language, mathematics, English, politics, history, and geography, all the classes are full, but only the body is missing

Oil, salt, soy, vinegar, tea, rice, and noodles, all the pieces are there, but no wealth

Intestines, kidneys, heart, lungs, liver, spleen, stomach, and the pieces are all together, but no guts.

The eight sides of the world are all connected, the eight sides of the world are all connected!

A building, a building, a tall building

Four directions aid, four directions aid, four directions assist.

Wikipedia, wikipedia, wikipedia

See flowers spring orchids, summer lotus, autumn chrysanthemums, winter plums where the beauty of the number of Mt!

Watch animals south elephant north tiger east python west monkey where all in the western suburbs

Look at the table bear paw bird's nest shark fins sea cucumber all on the draft eat public money

Look at the flowers spring orchids summer lotus autumn chrysanthemums winter plums where mahjong table!

The best place to visit in the garden is Suzhou

Rash disease look at the color, smell the sound, ask the rash and cut the pulse, who is good at looking for the Chinese medicine

Appreciate the beauty of a beautiful woman, where to find the flowers of the closed moon, visit the south of the Yangtze River

South of the mountain on the red leaves, dead willows

The willows are dead and red, the south of the mountain

Young and faintly appeared the clouds and the moon

Month and the clouds appeared to be faint

The moon and the clouds are not the same

The best place to visit in the garden is in the garden of the South China Sea. p>

Small courtyard with thin bamboo shadows

Small courtyard with thin bamboo shadows

Fallen flowers buried in cold pond water

Fallen flowers buried in cold pond water

Blowing piper and butterflies

Flowing butterflies with pipers

Pagodas with lamps, tiers of Kongming, Zhuge Liang

Wine with poison, cups of Dongxue, Huang Yakshi

Traders in a hurry.

Broadband network, bandwidth, friends of the network network network friends

Pedestrian road thousands of pedestrians, safe road on the road peacefully

Hope for next year year hope Ming, Ming long years hope for the year Ming

Wine if strong when thick as wine, the moon is not seen not a child moon

Light time times times time, the more the more time the more time the more time the more the more time the more the more the more the more.

Tianzhushan, a mountain pillar of the sky, strange peaks on the mountain peaks strange

Autumn winds rise, partial piece seems to be fluttering

Spring rain drops, Si Si Sizzle like silk

Winter snow drifts, every Mei Mei Mei Mei

Small residence is good, small building spring warmth, to live in a small house, and small residence

How is it good, such as the king of love and mercy, how to be how to be how to

Being a good man is the best thing to do

The seven stars of the Big Dipper are connected to the bottom of the water.

The seven stars of the Big Dipper are fourteen points in the sky under the water

The geese in the south building fly in pairs in the moonlight with shadows

You can talk about it by looking up to it, and you can talk about it by drilling into it.