Basic principles of landscape design

Guide: What are the basic principles of landscape design? What can landscape design be used for? Come and study with me now!

1. Main scenery and scenery matching

In all kinds of artistic creation, we must first determine the relationship between theme, subtitle, emphasis, generality, protagonist, supporting role, main scene and matching scene. Therefore, the garden layout should first consider the main artistic image, that is, the main landscape of the garden, on the premise of determining the theme. The main scene can be enhanced by matching, setting off and contrasting the auxiliary scenes.

In order to express the theme, the following techniques are usually used in landscape architecture and architectural art to highlight the main scenes:

(1) Axisymmetric

In layout, an axis in a certain direction is determined, and the main scene is usually arranged above the axis. On both sides in front of the main scene, one or several pairs of auxiliary scenes are often arranged to set off the main scene. Such as Tiananmen Square, Versailles Palace and Guangzhou Uprising Martyrs Cemetery.

(2) The main scene rises

(3) The intersection point of the horizontal vision quadrilateral of the circular arch.

In gardens, the four-in-one space of circular arch mainly appears in the wide horizontal landscape or basin garden space surrounded by mountains, such as Santan Yin Yue in Hangzhou West Lake. The grassland in the forest surrounded by mountains and Woods in the natural garden is also a four-in-one space surrounded by arches. Surrounded by telephone poles and forest belts, the main scene can be arranged at the visual intersection, which can play a prominent role in the main scene.

(4) synthesizing the potential energy of the center of gravity

The center of gravity such as triangle and circular pattern is the geometric composition center, which is often the best position to deal with the main scene and give full play to the best information effect. The visual center of gravity of natural landscape garden should not be centered.

(5) gradual change method

The gradual change method, that is, the landscape of the garden, adopts the gradual change method, from low to high, and gradually upgrades, from the auxiliary scene to the main scene, step by step. Through the time sequence arrangement of garden landscape, it is fascinating and leads to the main scenery.

2. Contrast and reconciliation

Contrast and harmony. It is the basic law of unity and change in layout and the concrete expression of object image. Use the sudden change of the scene to produce interesting effects. The method of reconciliation is mainly manifested by the unified coordination of layout forms and gardening materials.

In garden design, the knot comparison technique is mainly used in space comparison, density comparison, virtual and real comparison, hidden and exposed comparison, high and low comparison, straight and straight comparison and so on. The main scene and the set itself

3. Rhythm and prosody

In the garden layout, the same scenery often appears repeatedly, and this repetition and layout of the same scenery is the application of rhythm and rhythm in the garden. Prosody can be divided into continuous prosody, gradual prosody, staggered prosody and undulating prosody.

4. Balance and stability

In the garden layout, it can be divided into static and dynamic balance, or quasi-symmetric balance. Symmetrical balance is static balance. Generally, the scenery on both sides of the main shaft is balanced by equal distance, equal volume and equal shape, that is, gas balance. Quasi-symmetric equilibrium means that the main axis is not on the midline, and the scenery on both sides is not equal in shape, size and distance from the main axis, but the two scenery are in a dynamic equilibrium state.

5. Scale and proportion

Any object, regardless of its shape, must have three directions, namely, the measurement of length, width and height. Proportion is to study the relationship between the three. Any garden landscape should study three binary relationships: one is the three-dimensional space of the scenery itself; The second is the whole and the part. Scale in garden refers to the comparison between various components in garden space and objects with certain natural scale. Function, aesthetics and environmental characteristics determine the scale of landscape design. Scales can be divided into variable scales and immutable scales. Invariant scale is a scale determined according to the normal size of the general human body. Variable scale, such as architectural form, the size of the statue, the scope of the bridge view, etc. It all depends on the specific situation. Exaggerated proportions are often used in gardens, often to enlarge or narrow the scenery to meet the needs of landscaping.

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