Pit distribution area

Pit houses are distributed in Shaanxi County, Henan Sanmenxia, Shanxi Yuncheng, Gansu Longdong Qingyang and parts of Shaanxi. Among them, Sanmenxia in Henan Province is well preserved, especially in Dong Fan Plateau, Zhang Cun Plateau and Zhangbian Plateau in Shaanxi County. Many villagers still live in the pit yard, and there are still more than 100 underground villages and nearly 10000 patios.

The earliest existing inhabited courtyard has a history of more than 200 years and has lived for more than six generations. Well-preserved villages include Mazhai and Miaoshang Village in Zhang Cun Plateau.

In Miaoshang Village, Shaanxi County, in the west of Henan Province, villagers live in quadrangles in underground pits, thrive and enjoy a quiet "underground life". In the list of the first batch of "Traditional Villages in China" published by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Miaoshang Village, located in West Zhang Cun Town, Shaanxi County, is on the list, and it is also one of the shortlisted villages in Henan Province 16.

Extended data

Geological origin of pits:

The loess layer is deeply accumulated, generally between 50m and 150m. Loess was formed in early Pleistocene, middle Pleistocene and late Pleistocene, and it is mainly composed of timely and silty sand. In a few areas, the loess layer mixed with thin stones is a typical agricultural soil between cinnamon soil and yellow tide soil. The soil structure is very dense, that is, it has the functions of compression resistance, earthquake resistance and alkali resistance.

So digging caves is strong and durable. At present, the pit kiln in Mazhai Village of Shaanxi County has reached more than 200 years old, and people still live there. In addition, the groundwater level here is low, generally below 30 meters, which provides a unique condition for the form of "digging the ground and digging the wall".

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