I urgently need a lecture on the art of sketching! 500 words or so, the more detailed the better!

There's a bit too much, so I'll try to streamline it as needed. I hope it works for you!

1 [Theory] Representation of simple

2 [Theory] Rhythmic variation

3 [Theory] Structure of the visual

4 [Theory] Description and delineation

5 [Theory] Chromatic relations

6 [Theory] Light and shadow harmful

7 [Theory] Drawing sense

8 [Theory] What is drawing

8 [Theory] What is drawing

9 [Theory] What is drawing

10 [Theory] What is drawing

11 [Theory] What is drawing

12 [Theory] How is drawing

14 [Theory] What is drawing

1 [Theory] How does it mean to be a good artist? p>

9 [Theory] Line and surface fusion

10 [Theory] Structure is true

11 [Theory] Deep space

12 [Theory] Divine resemblance takes precedence

[Theory] Expression of simplicity

Sketching is not only research-based, but also expressive. From the point of view of art appreciation, sketching exercises can also be treated as a complete work of art to appreciate.

While sketching is monochromatic and relatively simple in its expression, it can be more general and concise. The artist can concentrate on the structure and inner temperament of the object with simple and deliberate brushwork.

Traditional Chinese calligraphy and ink painting are sketches with divine charm. Chinese characters and ink painting belong to the same artistic composition of traditional Chinese culture. The layout and compositional changes between the strokes of Chinese characters, the contrast between burnt ink and dry brush and splash of ink and color in painting, and the impermeability and sparseness of calligraphy and painting, all of which are of the same origin, all of which delineate the unique beauty of the composition of Chinese traditional art and the strength of the force that penetrates through the paper and into the wood.

There is no composition of figurative forms, only black, white and gray pure layers of variation, abstract expression of their own sensory feelings, can also create ink in five colors - the rhythm of sketching.

With the introduction of Western culture, sketching also entered the classroom of Chinese art training. It seems that only when a sketch becomes a master does it finally become a work that can be appreciated, while others can only be called exercises. This is because a master is a master, after all, and the accumulation of culture over a long period of time has led to the realization that the master's extraordinary drawing techniques are usually extremely expressive. From the beginning, the painter is from the performance of the subject, revealing the inner structure and charm of the object, do not have to make other forms to elaborate.

[Theory] Rhythm of change

Rhythm is the beauty of the sketch. A sketch without rhythm can only be a piece of manic dots, lines or gray without emotion, just as a string can only produce one syllable, and a person speaks without pause or breath.

According to the changes of the form, we use the rhythmic penmanship and rhythmic lines to draw the beauty of the form.

The lines may be strong or soft, and the strokes are inevitably weighted. Just naturally straight, soft will be false. Thick becomes emphasized, fine will feel virtual. As with the lines, the use of line and surface combined with light and shadow, thereby emphasizing the shape of the human body changes, so that the natural object to produce the beauty of the rhythm of art.

[Theory] Structural Visualization

The exercise of visualization is also a thinking process, a bridge to eliminate illusions and perceive the world correctly. How to make our visual thinking in the perception of the structure of the form, the formation of exact concepts and rigorous painting style, as much practice as possible is necessary, necessary - as the saying goes, practice makes perfect.

Structural sketching is on the dark and light sketching, it is not that dark sketching can not pay attention to the structure, also can not say that structural sketching to abandon the dark and light, it needs to be very serious, careful study and skillful mastery. It takes the line as the expressive force, adds some light and dark relations appropriately, and straightforwardly expresses the three-dimensional structure of the picture object in anatomical form. Whether sketching a plaster cast or a real form, it is necessary to analyze the object and grasp the form according to the understanding of the object, and strive to exclude the trivial elements of the object in the picture. In particular, it is necessary to use anatomical common sense to firmly grasp the general skeleton of the form, the relationship between the bone points and muscles, and carve and shape.

Though sketching draws the form, it should not be just the form itself, but more of an observation of the feeling of the form, which can be said to be an act of discovery. The form, method, and means of expression of sketching depend on visual thinking, and only through positive and active choices in representing the object can the basic characteristics of vision be reflected.

Vision is by no means a passive reproduction of what we feel, but an active rational activity i.e. thinking activity. Perception makes the result of thinking, and reasoning is the study of intuition that culminates in the formation of one's own creation.

[Theory] Tracing and Scribing

For those who are accustomed to the use of light and dark tones, there is always the feeling that the only way to draw is to make a solid sketch. In fact, after later exercises, I still feel that it is not too strong, too much depiction and too little carving.

It should be said that the use of sketching light and dark to portray the volume of the object is still useful. But how to come out from the dark and light tone, but it is not a very easy thing. The power of inherent concepts and habits in the mind, coupled with the slow improvement of enlightenment, makes it possible to discard the original drawing method will also be repeated from time to time.

Light and dark tones are like the keyboard of a piano; the more you have, the richer the expression. Do the pencils we use still produce 7B and 8B? Even if we have 9B or 10B, it can't show the blackness of the real model's space; the contrast between black and white is only relative. In the stage art of the set dark tone processing, the use of pure black + Plain in the light of the light also whitish, it changed to black velvet, but our drawing paper how to show such a black hole? In fact, black and white is just a feeling. Strong feelings need us to change the previous approach to sketching, abandon the old brain of the dead concept, with a new thinking, under the control of the structure of the will, give full play to our own feelings and condensed in the strength of the brush, drawing the object feeling similar.

Continuously change their inherent concepts, and constantly try new ways of painting, never to complete a piece of work carefully homework, complete homework can not become a burden on our purpose. Otherwise, you will throw away the opportunity to try more, a thousand repetitions of their own known and confined to the imaginative space of their own thinking.

[Theory] Light and Dark Relationships

Light and dark sketching is a learning method that many people have more contact with at the beginning stage. This method is also commonly used by art schools to guide students in their sketching instruction.

Dark and light sketching is a way of reflecting the richness of the relationship between light and darkness in the object being drawn through the changes of light and shadow in the form. Beginners in the beginning of learning is often used to practice under the light, it can help you recognize the object under the light source of the light and dark changes, understand the light source in the complex shape of the light and dark changes, in order to deepen the understanding and mastery of the changes in the light source and the object of the three-dimensionality, texture, darkness and space of the richness of the changes.

In the light and dark sketching of light and dark, black and white, light and shadow, highlights and reflections of the relationship between the various levels, it is important to master the rhythm of change. There is comparison before identification. On the basis of accurate form, repeated comparison is the key to a good light and dark sketch.

Perhaps chiaroscuro sketching is roughly divided into several steps, such as: composition, angle, light source, structure, carving, adjustment, etc., but this is not absolute. Not we must take a detour, but take a detour may not be all bad. Chromatic sketching is just a method, in the process of practicing to learn to summarize their own experience, pay attention to find their own in the process of practicing the revealed sharpness, and to carry forward, so that their own flash of thought become the starting point of personality play.

Maybe your dark and light sketches are not as strong as his contrasts, and maybe his relationships are more subtle than yours. In the dark and light treatment of sketching, there is no unchanging truth, and the only truth is the structure of the object's form.

[Theory] Light and shadow are harmful

This is the author in the Central Academy of Fine Arts into the oil painting workshop of the first touchdown painting, but also can be said to be their own in the University of Fine Arts after reading the undergraduate 10 years of the summing up of the painting. It is a pencil classroom assignment using chiaroscuro techniques, almost like a photograph, right?

This kind of drawing is very popular in art schools after the reform of the admission system, but I received almost sarcastic criticism from the instructor for this drawing. If I hadn't gone to Beijing for further study, I could have said that I would have continued to paint like this; perhaps I would have thought it was the most orthodox way to paint.

Beginning with a plaster figure is to paint light and dark, and the tone of light and dark leads many astray, seeing only the tone of the object - light and shadow. In many cases, it is painted under the light, emphasizing the light and dark intersection line, learn to skillfully deflate the projection and deal with space, however, the most damaging is not really grasp the inner structure of the object. It makes the painted object just a combination of head, neck and clothes, and even the left arm under the clothes does not grow on the human body as twisted.

The popularity of computer hardware and a variety of drawing, painting software applications, so that we can easily use a digital camera for the object to shoot a high-resolution photographs, and then in Painter, Photoshop and other famous painting, drawing software, a few times to use different filters on the command will easily be the photographs of the "painting" into the present look. "into the present appearance, we still spend a lot of effort to draw such a sketch one by one for what? Even if there is no such software, we can not continue to draw this way, because this is just an objective description, there is no trace of carving (not depiction), not to mention their own feelings and creativity.

This longer sketching wastes a lot of our time and energy, and makes us focus all our attention on the light and dark tones, turning us into a passive projector, which really harms a lot of people.

[Theory] Sketch perception

Sketch, is not just the depiction of color! Such an explanation is barely justifiable as a general concept for the general public, but as a concept for art or painting, it is superficial.

Drawing is the foundation of painting, design and all the plastic arts. Remove the flashy colors and forms, and sketching becomes a purely material delineation, an underlying study of composition, rhythm, and curves. If we strip away the outer form and color coating of a painting, the framework and structure of the essence of the object being represented will emerge - a true expression of the beauty of the work's inner support.

Drawing is a formal art form that uses monochromatic lines to represent things in the intuitive world, as well as to express ideas, concepts, attitudes, feelings, fantasies, symbols, and even abstract forms. Instead of focusing on totality and color, as in painting, it focuses on structure and form.

Drawing is the most basic means of training modeling ability. However, due to the different division of labor between the art of painting and the art of design, the emphasis on drawing training is also different. Painting sketching as a foundation to support the appreciation of beauty; design sketching is generally not as an independent appreciation of the form of art, it is more practical, only as a part of the art of design or a process. In the advanced stage of painting and drawing, can gradually sublimated into a unique appreciation of the value of the work, gradually from the training to go out, perhaps more concise perhaps more delicate, in short, taste grows; and design sketches of the in-depth stage of the more and more embodied in the material, the more exquisite more embodied in the practicality.

Sketch is like a clenched fist, is a real thing, can not be half a bit of bravado. It needs to explain clearly the structure of the fist, showing the relationship between the fingers and the palm, the bones and muscles, veins, epidermis bearing and various shapes presented by the beauty of the shape. Regardless of the use of pure line, line and surface combination or light and shadow tones, the purpose can only be one: to delineate the fist modeling in the end how it is all about. From this point of view, sketching should never rely solely on feeling to draw, but be cautious of the misleading nature of appearances.

Some people say that sketching is black and white gray, in fact, this is a kind of painting sketching misunderstanding, is the long-term pencil sketching operations in the handling of light and shadow stage to avoid in the painting process of a superficial understanding of the level of unclear. In figurative painting, black and white gray is just a kind of color tone, is a form of expression of some elements only; with black and white gray three tone depicts the level, light and shadow is often some of the appearance, perhaps the so-called academy from the plaster geometric figure - plaster statue learning from the "regular" road. Perhaps it is the so-called academics from the plaster geometry - plaster statues learned from the "formal" road brought about by the negative effects. Of course, for the study of pure black and white and gray, it has a certain sketch relationship of rhythmic beauty, also has a certain appreciation, which belongs to the category of formal beauty.

In artistic practice, the primary stage of sketching should be rational; it is the need for the artist to calmly analyze, think, and carefully figure out. Of course, the creation of a painting requires feeling, and feeling is very important; the form and various methods of expression are also more important, and can often reflect the painter's later style. However, as the basic research stage of painting, or as the preliminary stage of the production of a piece of work, the problem of sketching must be solved first. This is like architecture, to lay the foundation firmly, the frame is designed reasonably, as for the form of the exterior decoration of the building, that is a later process, is built on the basis of sketching.

Advanced stages of realism and expressionist painters, there is a clear distinction between the emphasis on sketching; the latter seeks to "express the emotion of a scene rather than depicting the realistic appearance of the form", while the surrealists focus on the expression of the subconscious mind.

[Theory]What is Sketching

There are many kinds of interpretations of sketching, the following excerpts are for reference only:

●English division:

Drawing, sketching, and drawing;

Colors:

To draw the light and darkness of an object, a line is drawn in a charcoal, pencil, or pen, and the line is used to draw the light and darkness of the object. line to draw the object light and dark monochrome drawing, called sketching. Drawing is the foundation of all painting, and it is a stage that must be passed in the process of study. (Artist's Magazine, on sketching - Xiao Rusong);

●Tools:

Sketching usually implies methods that leave marks on a flat surface, such as crayons, charcoal, pens, brushes, ink, and paper, and also includes abrasions caused by the use of wet clay, ink-stained cloth, metal, stone, containers, or the surface of a cloth. The abrasion caused by the surface of a piece of paper, pencil, pen, ink, and paper. (Visual Encyclopedia of Art);

●General Division:

Outline and line are the general terms for sketching. Sketching possesses a sense of natural rhythm, and the viewer can feel this in the process of viewing. Different strokes create lines and cross-cutting relationships of different character, and include rhythm, active and passive surroundings, plane, volume, tone, and texture;

●Conceptual division:

Drawing is a formal artistic creation that uses monochromatic lines to express things in the intuitive world, and also expresses ideas, concepts, attitudes, feelings, fantasies, symbols, and even abstract forms. It places less emphasis on totality and color than painting does on structure and form. (Encyclop?dia Britannica);

●Process:

In the Dictionary of Western Art, the only explanation of sketching is that it is a rough sketch of a work or part of a work, which is the artist's study of the main points of light and shadow, composition, and the scale of the whole; it is the preliminary composition of the whole or one of them. A sketch from a landscape artist is usually a small, quick record of the effects of light in a landscape, and a preparation of ideas for future repainting (published by Lion Books).

[Theory] Line and Surface Integration

The form we face has no "line" or "point", and it is the "surface" that we feel exists, but it is also in the ebb and flow. Even if we feel the existence of "surface", it is also attached to the structure and form in the ups and downs of a thousand changes.

The "face" facing us becomes a compressed line when it is turned sideways, and the line becomes a point when it is turned deeper. These compositional elements of sketching, so that we have a powerful means of capturing the object form. However, in the process of sketching, it is very easy for us to use the lines with too much panache, which leads to the impatience of fluency. It is hard to escape the tedium of scribbling in the midst of the patience and tedious practice of finding the structure of the form; it is also hard to resist the temptation to swagger.

It can be said that any line we draw in sketching should have the attributes of the structure of the form if it is to have any real meaning. Otherwise, it becomes a line or a group of waste lines; and the surface composed of these lines of course also becomes meaningless dirty gray. We may also feel some gray "surface" in sketching, because our senses are still in the illusion, we mistakenly think that it is a piece of "surface" and draw it out, the result is still dirty gray rather than a part of the form.

How to avoid this kind of mistake, we need to always take the structure of the object as the center, not passively copy the object, but to take the initiative, subjective analysis and judgment of the object to provide us with the elements of the painting, through the overall structure of the complete mastery of the painted form.

Whether we use "points", "lines" or "surfaces", they are all means, they do not have any meaning in themselves. When we use them on the form we are carving, they become elements of the human body structure, and eventually become part of the human body we are drawing, and no longer points, lines, and surfaces.

Chinese figure painting uses lines to depict the folds of the clothes, summarizing the "eighteen depictions" such as "silk depiction", "string depiction", "wire depiction", "bamboo leaf depiction", etc. The use of space in Western painting has made it possible to use lines to depict the folds of the clothes. The use of space in Western painting makes the use of lines incorporate the components of surfaces and become more colorful. In the observation of form and structure, I believe that everyone's perception is different. How to use the integration of dots, lines and surfaces to carve out your understanding of form will be a process of your creation. Before that, you may also adopt the traditional Chinese training method of copying to experience the brushwork of the former masters, and then incorporate your own experience, I believe that your sketching will be more interesting

[Theory]Structure is the truth

In the drawing and painting, the most crucial thing is, of course, the structure.

In reality, many painters, due to the lack of understanding of the structure of the figure or object, can only go the way of form in the end, it is difficult to come up with a depth of force in the creation of the work. Although we have a convenient camera (now use digital camera) and scanner, can be processed in the computer graphics, can save a lot of modeling trouble, but the shape is the shape, the structure is the structure, is not a concept. For the process of painting, form is a representation attached to structure, and structure is the support of the object; the outline of the external form cannot truly express the inner beauty of the object.

The shape of the object we observe is a representation, an outline. Once the object changes position, and we lack an understanding of the structure, it is difficult to begin. In the beginning stage, almost everyone has experienced the use of stable triangles to determine the general location of the form and composition, and then use small virtual triangles, squares, etc. to break down the object to be painted localized position, such a method can only end up than the gourd to draw a dipper, photographic depiction of the object.

Just as we have gone through the era of hunger, we have gone through the era of lack of pictures, is crossing into an era of reading pictures. All kinds of graphics, images, galleries are endless, and then use the photographic method - copy photos to reproduce the object, it would be better to simply go to photography, then we are not as objective as the camera. For painters, the most difficult thing to accept is to be praised: look how well the painting looks like a photograph. That is to say, those works do not have strong, emphasized and deeper things, lack of the painter's understanding of the structure of the form and the connotation of the object expression of creativity, how can this be considered a work of art painting?

The truth of art is not a purely objective truth, but an artistic truth in which the painter expresses the feelings of the painter's heart through his own senses and hands - a carving and delineation that removes the roughness from the rough, removes the falsehood from the true, and carves from the other, from the surface to the inside.

[Theory] Deep Space

We are faced with a three-dimensional space, while our picture is a paper or canvas with only two degrees of space, how to draw the depth of the object's space is also an important topic that needs to be solved through sketching.

To solve the problem of space, you can use light and shadow, but also the use of line or a combination of line and surface. When we have been accustomed to flat observation of objects, especially when encountering large changes in perspective, have not yet solved the modeling skills, often at a loss. The key to solving this problem is first in solving the ability to grasp the form and understand the structure, on the basis of the structure, keenly find out the depth of the constituent elements - points, lines or surfaces, and cautiously deal with the relationship between the near and far, you will be able to deal with the space appropriately.

Maybe when you become a big painter, you no longer need the three-dimensional space and intentionally pursue the flat decorative effect or other shocking color composition, and just in your obsession, there is still the texture of the change of reality and the contrast between near and far.

Gypsum sketching practice is a convenient, it reflects the structure, form, proportion, light and dark, space and other relations are relatively pure, in a particular light, can generate subtle changes in light and dark to facilitate observation; and is not subject to the environment, time constraints, allows beginners to be more fixed from different sides, from different angles for a longer period of time to observe, analyze, and comfortably express the object.

But plaster sketching for a long time, it is easy to give people misleading - in the use of light conditions, light and dark boundaries, projection and other aspects of dependence, and keen observation of the structure of the moving form of the ability to not exercise.

[Theory]Priority of resemblance

We can't achieve absolute resemblance to either the image or the volume of the object we are drawing. It is because we use our hands and brushes to express it after observing it through our eyes. Not to say that our modeling ability is high or low, even if we can achieve absolute similarity, it is still not as good as God's similarity.

Divine resemblance is somewhat like what we often call features. But the features are only similar to the components, but not similar to the flavor. Characteristics are hard and rational, and often under-expressed in terms of artistic exaggeration.

Painting sketches that emphasize figurative thinking are based on an understanding of the structure of the form, and creatively make the drawn form reach a kind of expressive impulse, a kind of artistic height. While relying on rational thinking to pursue the material reality of the design sketch is more objective, rigorous, and even rigid to achieve the use of technology and beauty, although the process of design sketching mixed with the factors of image thinking, but still lack of charismatic passion. Therefore, design sketching is difficult to rise to a high level of artistic appreciation.

The fundamental difference between drawing and design sketching lies in the different pursuit of resemblance. When the painting sketch to expressive sketching development, of course, we have to prioritize the play of God like. How to feel the repeated comparison of the physical and the picture, in the portrait, writing to convey the visual impact and infection, in order to realize the aesthetic value of art.