What are the ways of ecological farming?

1. Biogas+Aquaculture Ecological Agriculture Model:

Eco-agricultural model is an eco-agricultural model integrating energy, breeding, toilet improvement and fertilizer production. It is designed as a trinity of underground biogas digester, aboveground farm and toilet, with human and animal manure or crop straw as fermentation raw materials, and biogas produced by fermentation is used for cooking, lighting and power generation. Biogas slurry is used for foliar fertilization, seed soaking and feeding pigs, and biogas residue is used as base fertilizer, feeding rice and growing mushrooms. The biogas digester is prefabricated with sandstone and cement, reaching the standard of water and gas leakage, with a general volume of 8- 10 cubic meter. The inlet and outlet pipes are suspended, and an acidification tank is added. Due to the strengthening of sealing and heat preservation measures, the phenomenon of leakage is overcome, and the feeding and discharging are self-propelled, which is sanitary, simple and safe. This model has the characteristics of high gas production rate, good performance, simple operation, annual gas production and strong adaptability, and can also be used in border areas in winter. In the whole material cycle, it provides us with energy, agricultural products and livestock products, solves the problems of changing sanitation to toilets and saving labor and materials, and promotes the construction of two civilizations in rural areas.

Second, the technical mode of "ecological agriculture" breeding and conservation of prairie chickens:

1. Site selection: economic forests (both mature and young) such as orchards and bamboo forests in hilly or mountainous areas with good environment and clean water sources are selected.

2. Variety selection: planting grass in orchard and stocking native chicken. Herbage varieties include alfalfa and ryegrass, and native chicken varieties can be determined according to local breeding habits.

3. Chicken-raising technology: (1) Two henhouses, 300 square meters/building, and brooding henhouses 1. The henhouse is mainly used for resting and laying eggs. Brooding house: Choose an empty room with heat preservation, dryness and ventilation, lay the floor after cleaning and disinfection, and the indoor area shall not exceed 25 nests per square meter, or adopt multi-layer cage culture. Chicken house: choose a place with high terrain and good drainage. Indoor habitat or plastic net; (2) Sanitary disinfection. Others are not allowed to enter the feeding area, especially other poultry. Keep the feeding area and chicken coop dry. Clean and disinfect chickens, bedding and walls 1 ~ 2 times a week, without disinfection before and after immunization and on the same day. Chickens were injected with Marek's vaccine at 1 day; 5 ~ 7 days old were sprayed with Newcastle disease+attenuated vaccine respectively; 12 ~ 14 days old, 26 ~ 28 days old, drinking water with encapsulated seedlings. (3) The breeding cycle of chicken is 1 year. Chickens are introduced every April. Chickens are kept in the henhouse for 35 days, and the individual reaches about 200 grams. They are stored in the orchard. Oviposition began from August to September, and reached its peak from 65438+February to the following year 1 month. In April-May of the following year, they will be released, and "rotational grazing and stocking" will be implemented, with feeding as the main part and feed as the supplement, with self-produced corn, broken rice and millet as the feed. (4) The planting density of young forest orchard is 50 ~ 60 plants/mu.

4. Forage planting technology: (1) Soil treatment. For the land with more weeds, spraying biochemical herbicides in spring ploughing, sowing in summer, and cultivating in bare land to remove weed seedlings in the soil layer. (2) Before the first sowing, the rhizobia and seeds are mixed, the seed dressing is suitable for dark and low temperature conditions, and the seeds are sown immediately after mixing. (3) Sowing: Sowing in spring and autumn can be done, not more than July. The row spacing is 35 ~ 40 cm, the ditching depth is about 15 cm, the sowing amount is 0.5 ~ 0.6kg/ mu, and the shallow covering soil is 1. 1 ~ 1.5 cm.

The orchard can bear fruit in about three years and reach high yield in five years.

Three or six eco-agricultural models in Taizhou;

Mode 1: Rice-duck co-breeding

Rice-duck co-breeding is different from duck breeding in paddy fields in the past, but it is a complex ecosystem based on paddy fields, centered on rice cultivation and characterized by natural ecology and human intervention. Generally, ducklings are reared in paddy fields after 15 ~ 20 days (* * * feeding period is 30 ~ 36 days), and rice is reared after heading 14 ~ 20 days, and the stocking amount is about per mu 15. It can avoid chemical weeding and snail control in rice fields, reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and feed, and improve rice yield, duck meat quality and economic benefits. The research and popularization of new breeding technology of rice and duck organized and implemented in Wenling City, from 2002 to 2004, the cumulative popularization area was 20,798 mu, the output value reached 26.05 million yuan, the total economic benefit was 10640 yuan, and the net income increased by 5.44 million yuan, that is, the net income per mu was 26 1 yuan. This technology has been popularized in the whole city, with an area of more than 40,000 mu in 2006.

Mode 2: Raising chickens in five gardens

Ecological stocking is following the natural law of harmonious development between animals and nature and the living habits of chickens, and stocking in grasslands, grasslands, orchards, bamboo gardens, woodlands and wasteland. Because of the large activity space, fresh air, good health, strong disease resistance and high survival rate, the feeding cost is reduced and the playfulness is increased. The raised chicken has bright feathers, rosy crown, yellow meat color, unique flavor, fresh meat and strong chicken flavor. After ecological stocking, "Xianju Sanhuang Chicken" and "Wenling Grass Chicken" were rated as the top ten high-quality meat birds in Zhejiang Province and the gold medal in Zhejiang Agricultural International Expo. Now Wenling grass chicken products have entered more than 200 supermarkets and residential outlets in Shanghai, with a daily sales volume of more than 4,000, which is twice as high as similar products in China. Wenling Lvmu Livestock and Poultry Co., Ltd. has set up slaughter processing points and professional distribution centers in Shanghai, and set up counters in Shanghai 108 large supermarkets, which are well received by Shanghai residents.

Mode 3: combination of planting and breeding

Around a large vegetable base, leftovers, green corn stalks, melons and vines are supplied to local cows, sheep and poultry for production, achieving the effect of environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources, and greatly reducing the cost of raising livestock. Taizhou broccoli planting area is 654.38+ 10,000 mu. The edible part of broccoli is a flower ball composed of flower stems and buds, while the leaves and stems are inedible parts. The leaves and stems of broccoli become waste after processing or harvesting. Local farmers use stems and leaves as green fodder for rabbits to develop long-haired rabbit production, and try to use stems and leaves to produce silage for dairy farming, and also use stems and leaves to dehydrate to produce leaf powder. On the one hand, turning waste into treasure, reducing environmental pollution and meeting the demand of local herbivores for green feed production; On the other hand, develop the by-product industry of broccoli and increase the economic benefits of broccoli planting.

Mode 4: farming-pastoral cycle

Wenling Jiaxin Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. adopts the new technology of "zero pollution" dry pig raising, spreads dressing in the pig house, absorbs mixed pig manure, and makes secondary fermentation after biological treatment, and makes ecological organic fertilizer through technical treatment, thus solving the environmental pollution problem of pig farms. The pigsty is dry, free of peculiar smell, and free from pollution and discharge, completely eliminating peculiar smell and germs, and creating a garden-style "zero pollution" breeding environment. Make pigs live in a safe and comfortable environment, reduce diseases, speed up growth, shorten feeding cycle, make pig farms not only solve environmental pollution problems, but also improve economic benefits, and open up a practical technical way for livestock and poultry breeding to solve pollution. The "Jinnong Brand" refined organic fertilizer produced is widely used in vegetable fields, tea gardens and orchards, and the price reaches 800 yuan/ton. Up to now, 5000 tons of finished organic fertilizer and 3000 tons of semi-finished organic fertilizer have been produced, with an output value of 5.5 million yuan.

Mode 5: Planting Grass

Planting forage crops such as ryegrass and Chinese milk vetch after harvesting late rice in winter as feed for raising geese, pigs and rabbits. Wenling Ruoheng Shengguang Rex Rabbit Cooperative adopts watermelon and ryegrass; Alternatively, annual forage grass and annual forage grass are rotated, and Pennisetum or hybrid Pennisetum is planted in late April, Lolium multiflorum or 70 rye for winter grazing after stubble removal in mid-September, and Pennisetum or hybrid Pennisetum is planted after stubble removal in late April of the following year. Repeatedly, develop rex rabbit breeding industry. In 2005, the cooperative raised 250,000 rex rabbits, and sold 2 10000 pieces of rabbit skin (meat), with a sales volume of12.93 million yuan. The demonstration led 552 farmers in Wenling 13 town to develop rex rabbit industry, and the average income of rex rabbit farmers increased by 5,620 yuan.

Mode 6: Animal Husbandry in Cao Shan

It is a traditional way to raise all kinds of livestock and poultry by using natural grass hills, and cattle and sheep basically rely on grazing. For example, there are more than 5,000 puppies and cows on the rooftop, which are driven down the mountain in winter. The quality of beef produced is excellent, and the price per kilogram after cutting and packaging reaches 50 yuan. However, it is an innovation in recent years to cultivate native chicken by using grass mountain. Natural grass mounds are widely used to raise native chickens, and various weeds and tender branches and leaves are used to make the stocking space of native chickens larger. For example, in Tiantai Mountain, chickens are raised in Caoshan Mountain 150 days, and the price is as high as 15 yuan/kg. The cross breeding of Boer goats was carried out in Sanmen and Xianju counties of our city, and good results were achieved.